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Objectives/Hypothesis: Over 3 million incidents of facial trauma occur each year in the United States. This study aims to determine trends in operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma in one of the largest US cities. Study Design: Retrospective case‐control study. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma from July 1993 to July 2010 presenting to Los Angeles County Hospital, a Level I Trauma Center. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture characteristics. Results: Analysis was performed for a total of 4,299 patients and 5,549 facial fractures. Mean patient age was 34.6, and most patients were male (88%). Between the two time periods (1993–2001 and 2002–2010), there was a 42% reduction in operative maxillofacial trauma (3,510 to 2,039). Orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were the most prevalent types of fractures. Panfacial fractures demonstrated the largest reduction in number of fractures (325 to 5, P<0.01). Assault and motor vehicle accidents (MVA) were the two most common mechanisms of injury. Operative fractures due to MVAs decreased (390 to 214, P =.74), whereas fractures due to assault increased (749 to 800, P<0.01). Compared to adults, pediatric facial trauma (age < 18) were caused by a higher percentage of MVAs (27% vs. 13%), auto versus pedestrian (9% vs. 5%), and gunshot wounds (8% vs. 4%) (P<0.01). Conclusions: Operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma decreased over a 17‐year period. Assault was the most significant mechanism of trauma overall. These trends suggest that focusing future prevention strategies on curtailing interpersonal violence may more effectively address the burden of facial trauma. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1985–1989, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been a rapid increase in electric motorized scooter (e‐scooter) usage after the introduction of dockless, shareable devices. Methods: Case series from three tertiary hospitals in Los Angeles between May‐September 2019. Results: Five patients had skull base fractures and CSF leaks or pneumocephalus after e‐scooter accident, none wore helmets. Two patients were treated with observation alone, two patients were treated with lumbar drain or external ventriculostomy placement, and one patient died of their injuries prior to definitive management. Conclusion: Without appropriate safety policies in place, the number of such injuries may increase as the use of e‐scooters increase. Laryngoscope, 131:E1035–E1037, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]