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Objective: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor. Although multiple reviews have been published on salivary gland malignancies, it has been a decade since the last dedicated systematic review pertaining to CXPA alone was published. This study examines molecular factors in CXPA diagnosis. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (BIOSIS), Cochrane CENTRAL, Health Collection (Informit), OpenDOAR, and GreyNet International. Review Methods: Systematic review and meta‐analysis from inception to October 31, 2022 for all English language studies pertaining to "carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma." Predicted incidence of each biomarker was calculated with meta‐analysis. Comparison against pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) when reported within the same study are performed. Risk of bias performed with JBI tool for prevalence studies. Results: Of 19151 unique studies undergoing abstract screening, 55 studies (n = 1322 patients) underwent data analysis. Biomarkers with >3 studies were p53, HER2, AR, EGFR, PLAG1, ERBB, ER, PR, HMGA2, p16, p63, a‐SMA, RAS, PTEN, PDL1, BRAF, PIK3CA, and c‐kit. Highest incidence was seen in AR, EGFR, p16, and p53. Significant differences were demonstrated compared with PA and SDC. There was high heterogeneity and overall high risk of bias within studies. Conclusion: Molecular factors are an area of interest in the diagnosis of CXPA. Our study results support examining CXPA as a discrete cohort in future targeted therapy trials. Laryngoscope, 134:1042–1053, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapossiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) of the paranasal sins (PNS) is a rare cause of recurrent epistaxis. To date, only two cases of PNS KHE have been reported in the literature, both occurring in the pediatric population. The case presented here appears to be the first case of PNS KHE occurring in an adult. A 46-year-old white female presented with progressively worsening unilateral recurrent epistaxis. Diagnostic histopathology confirmed it to be KHE. After a detailed workup, the tumor was completely excised en bloc (medial maxillectomy; anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy) via a lateral-rhinotomy approach. Complete excision of the tumor with clear margins offers the best results. Laryngoscope, 124:2103-2106, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Viagra and PDE-5 inhibitors use has mushroomed since its launch over a decade ago. A growing body of evidence indicates significant morbidity associated with the side effect profile of this class of drug. Hearing loss associated with PDE-5 inhibitor use has recently been reported, but few studies have evaluated the causal link. Aim: To review and scrutinise the current literature on the subject and propose possible physiologic mechanisms and to investigate the global reporting of this side effect. Methods and Materials: Pharmacovigilance agencies around North America, Europe, and Australasia were contacted requesting reports of hearing loss associated with PDE-5 inhibitors. Reports were scrutinised to exclude those where others causes of hearing loss existed. Results: Forty-seven cases of sensorineural hearing loss with a temporal association with PDE-5 inhibitor ingestion were obtained from both published literature and pharmacovigilance agencies. Cases had a mean age 56.6 years, male-tofemale ratio of 7:1. Eighty-eight percent of reports were unilateral with an even left/right distribution. Hearing loss occurred within 24 hours of ingestion of PDE-5 inhibitor in 66.7% (n = 18) of cases. Sildenafil accounted for over 50% of cases. Conclusion: There is increasing evidence that PDE-5 inhibitors may induce sensorineural hearing loss via plausible physiological mechanisms. There needs to be more awareness of this disabling side effect among healthcare professionals responsible for prescribing this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate visualization, appropriate equipment, a cooperative patient, and a skilled physician are keys to successful foreign body removal. The first attempt at removal is critical because success rates markedly decrease after the first failed attempt. Laryngoscope, 119:351-354, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the technique of pharyngeal pouch endoscopic stapling for patients with a limited mouth opening. It notes that the technique can decrease conversion rates and should be tried in patients with a limited mouth opening before embarking on an open approach. It says that endoscopic stapling makes use of potentially less traumatic Negus pharyngoscope to allow an endoscopic procedure, and thus reduce the need to convert to the higher-risk and less favorable open surgery.

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a versatile flap offering many reconstructive options for head and neck defects. Its low bulk, ease of dissection, and excellent vascularity are among its advantages. Its low flap loss and complication rates offer the best choice for the reconstruction of oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal lining. Evaluation of collateral circulation to the hand is important to avoid distal ischemia and donor site morbidity. Pulse oximetry can be used to augment Allen's test to assess collateral supply to the hand. This cost-neutral technique can be used in routine preoperative screening prior to RFFF surgery. Laryngoscope, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of pictorial ultrasound (US) reports and fine needle thyroglobulin assay in assistance to thyroid surgery. It states that US is used for diagnosis and presentation of the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. It mentions that thyroid surgery is done in patient with thyroid carcinoma. Moreover, the use of thyroglobulin assays from fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples to improve preoperative planning is also discussed.