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The study reports a comparative study of use of lexical cohesive devices by L1 (Urdu as a first language) and L2 (Urdu as a second language) speakers through detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. The data is obtained from 11 Urdu television programmes based on current affairs. The duration of the conversations is 120 minutes per conversation. The study reveals the differences between the use of cohesive devices in terms of type and degree by L1 and L2 speakers of the Urdu language. Results show that L1 speaker is a proficient user of cohesive devices such as, collocation and synonym to build up the conversation in an effective way while repetition is the most utilized category by L2 speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper relates to the study of nicknames in Punjabi language .it help us to understand about the transitions of syllable from name to nick names. The names are categorized depending upon the number of syllables in name and the characteristics of first syllable. In this paper only those nicknames are focused which have connection with the names, however passing a comment is also one of the convention of nicknames that directly have no connection with the names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]