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Semifluorinated alkanes form monolayers with interesting properties at the air-water interface due to their pronounced amphi-solvophobic nature and the stiffness of the fluorocarbons. In the present work, using a combination of structural and dynamic probes, we investigated how small molecular changes can be used to control the properties of such an interface, in particular its organization, rheology, and reversibility during compression-expansion cycles. Starting from a reference system perfluor(dodecyl)dodecane, we first retained the linear structure but changed the linkage groups between the alkyl chains and the fluorocarbons, by introducing either a phenyl group or two oxygens. Next, the molecular structure was changed from linear to branched, with four side chains (two fluorocarbons and two hydrocarbons) connected to extended aromatic cores. Neutron reflectivity at the air-water interface and scanning force microscopy on deposited films show how the changes in the molecular structure affect molecular arrangement relative to the interface. Rheological and compression-expansion measurements demonstrate the significant consequences of these changes in molecular structure and interactions on the interfacial properties. Remarkably, even with these simple molecules, a wide range of surface rheological behaviors can be engineered, from viscous over viscoelastic to brittle solids, for very similar values of the surface pressure.

Semifluorinated alkanes (C(n)F(2n+1)C(m)H(2m+1)), short FnHm display local phase separation of mutually incompatible hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chain moieties, which has been utilized as a structure-forming motif in supramolecular architectures. The packing of semifluorinated alkanes, nominally based on dodecyl subunits, such as perfluoro(dodecyl)dodecane (F12H12) and perfluoro(dodecyl)eicosane (F12H20), as well as a core extended analogue, 1,4-dibromo-2-((perfluoroundecyl)methoxy)-5-(dodecyloxy)benzene) (F11H1-core-H12), was studied at the air/water interface. Langmuir monolayers were investigated by means of neutron reflectivity directly at the air/water interface and scanning force microscopy after transfer to silicon wafers. Narrowly disperse surface micelles formed in all three cases; however, they were found to bear different morphologies with respect to molecular orientation and assembly dimensionality, which gives rise to different hierarchical aggregate topologies. For F12H12, micelles of ca. 30 nm in diameter, composed of several circular or "spherical cap" substructures, were observed and a monolayer model with the fluorocarbon block oriented toward air is proposed. F12H20 molecules formed larger (ca. 50 nm diameter) hexagonally shaped surface micelles that were hexagonally, densely packed, besides more elongated but tightly interlocked wormlike structures. Conversely, F11H1-core-H12 films organized into linear rows of elongated surface micelles with comparable width, but an average length of ca. 400 nm, apparently formed by antiparallel molecular packing.

We probe the reversible thermal solidification of crowded solutions of colloidal star polymers in a marginal solvent upon addition of linear homopolymer chains consisting of the same monomers, and for two different linear polymer molecular weights we find that they have a dramatic impact on this phenomenon. If the linear chain molecular weight is much smaller than the star arm molecular weight, penetration is favored, the stars swell (the linear polymer solution acts as a good solvent for the stars), and the jamming temperature drops for a given star concentration. On the other hand, if the linear chain molecular weight exceeds that of the star arm, the stars shrink and the mixture exhibits liquidlike behavior over a wide range of star concentrations and temperatures. These results offer new possibilities for molecular control of the flow properties of soft colloids.

We present an experimental description of the dynamics of a dense colloidal suspension of model hairy nanoparticles using dynamic light scattering. These colloids were obtained by cross-linking the poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate) cores of polystyrene-block-poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate), copolymer micelles. Because of their small size and the small spacing of their liquidlike structure, as detected with small-angle neutron scattering, these particles enable the systematic investigation of the low-scattering wavevector (q) fraction of the dynamic structure factor (S(q,t)) away from the peak, which relates to the osmotic modulus of the suspension. The two relaxation processes contributing to S(q,t) are the fast cooperative diffusion of the concentration fluctuations (hair interactions) and the self-diffusion of the slightly polydisperse cores (incoherent contribution). The former speeds up and loses intensity with increasing concentration, analogous to linear and hyperstar polymer solutions, wherea...

Multiarm star polymers represent a valuable model system for investigating the dynamics of tethered chains, spherical brushes, or grafted colloidal spheres. Because of their topology, the multiarm ...