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The author examines two complex generalised HIV epidemics that cover those who have multiple sexual partners and the large number of already infected individuals. He offers a further explanation of the generalised HIV epidemics, which reveal an important role for both components, as well as a basis for a unifying approach. He recommends several issues that might be prioritized to prevent HIV epidemics. The author also cites several structural approaches to HIV epidemic prevention.

The author reflects on the link between having multiple sexual partners and the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He reveals that having multiple sexual partners is the major cause of the generalized epidemic of HIV in southern and Eastern Africa. He notes that understanding why people have multiple sexual partnerships will be relevant to change behavior and sexual practices. The author argues that multilevel approaches are needed to promote behavioral change toward multiple sexual partnerships.

The article discusses the benefits of testing combined with counseling in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. The article explains that in sub-Saharan Africa where multiple and frequent partners is the norm, HIV is epidemic. The article also provides limitations to prevention such as an inability to test for acute infections, the difficulty in changing long-term behaviours, and only twenty percent of adults in sub-Saharan Africa having been tested for HIV.

This article presents ten myths about the spread of HIV around the world that are harming preventive efforts. The first myth is that HIV spreads like wildfire which it does not. Other myths look at condoms, treatment and technological advances as excuses not to practice safe sex. The author says that one priority to stop the spread of the disease, must be education on the risk of having multiple sexual partners.

This article presents an editorial on AIDS prevention. The author writes that he has a particular affinity to condom use because of its effectiveness in preventing disease transmission when used properly. The author also discusses abstinence and notes that adolescents, who are usually the target of such education are not the main transmitters of the disease, but rather people in their 20s and 30s have the highest instances of transmission. The author writes that other behaviors that must be targeted include the practice of multiple partners. The author notes that some people view condoms as a way to continue in risky sexual behavior, and that some long-term couples are unwilling to use condoms.

This article describes a report that HIV-1 prevalence is declining in young adults in India. Data shows that HIV incidence has peaked overall in Africa and HIV prevalence has declined in many African settings and elsewhere. Incidence is hard to measure, but prevalence in young people can provide a good indicator of new cases. The declines in prevalence and incidence appear to be related to behavioural changes and knowledge whether acquired through programmes or through common knowledge. Progress should be measured by incidence data rather than prevalence because of the lag time between the two.

Calls on the international health community to support efforts to make contraception available to women on antiretroviral drugs. Initiative in Africa for providing antiretroviral therapy to HIV patients; Challenges including overcoming AIDS-related stigma; Indication that women are more likely to be infected with HIV than men are; The need for effective family planning which can lead to social and economic benefits; Concern about harming the fetus in utero with antriretrovirals and about maternal-to-child transmission; Classes of antiretroviral drugs; The issues of mitochondrial toxicity and low birthweight in babies of HIV-positive women; Advantages from linking family planning and antiretroviral-drug services.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "A Public Health Approach To Global Management of Hypertension," by Sonia Y. Angell, K. M. De Cock, and T. R. Frieden in the February 28, 2015 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Universal health coverage post-2015: putting people first" in the December 13, 2014 issue.

Letter to the editor and replies are presented about the articles "Stillbirths: what difference can we make and at what cost," by Zulfiqar A. Bhutta and colleagues in the April 30, 2011 issue and "Stillbirths: how can health systems deliver for mothers and babies," by Robert Pattinson and colleagues in the May 7, 2011 issue.

Two letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "A Tale of Two-Component Generalised HIV Epidemics," by James Shelton published in the March 20, 2010 issue, including a comment and the author's reply.

A response by James D. Shelton to a letter to the editor about his article "Why multiple sexual partnerships?" in the August 1, 2009 issue is presented.

A response by James D. Shelton to letter to the editors about his article on HIV prevention in the December 1, 2008 issue is presented.

Comments on the AIDS epidemic and the transmission of HIV. Finding of the Tanzania 2003-04 HIV/AIDS indicator survey that wealth, not poverty, correlates to HIV prevalence; Factors contributing to the positive relation between wealth and HIV risk, including the role of long-term concurrent or overlapping sexual partnerships that form networks in heterosexual epidemics; Indication from surveys in Tanzania and Kenya that the wealth-HIV link is stronger for women; Implication for HIV programs that promote fidelity as a social norm.

Discusses some of the barriers to access to family planning. The six types of medical barriers; `Contraceptive Technology'; Oral contraceptives (OC); Stringent eligibility criteria; Main cause of medical obstacles; Methods of reducing needless medical barriers; More.

The author offers insights about health achievement in Bangladesh, covering topics like health coverage approach and problems amenable to further public health approaches.

A letter to the editor is presented discussing several articles on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and reproductive health with major flaws and respective comments.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article about the need for donors and international aid agencies to consider population-wide services by Monica Das Gupta and Lawrence Gaston in the April 18, 2009 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Spousal Violence And Potentially Preventable Single And Recurrent Spontaneous Fetal Loss in an African Setting" by A. P. Alio, P. N. Nana and H. M. Salihu in the January 24, 2009 issue.

The article presents a letter to the editor discussing the article "Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model," by RM Granich, CF Gilks, C. Dye, KM De Cock, and BG Williams published in the journal on January 3, 2009.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "New Heterosexually Transmitted Infections in Married Or Cohabitating Couple In Urban Zambia And Rwanda: An Analysis Of Survey And Clinical Data," by K.L. Dunkle, R. Stephenson, E. Karita, et al. in a previous issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV acquisition in southern African women: a randomised controlled trial," by N.S. Padian, A. van der Straten and G. Ramjee.

Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Effect of participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial," by D.S. Manandhar, D. Osrin, B.P. Shrestha, et al., in the September 11, 2004 issue.

Use of the intrauterine device (IUD) is avoided because of perceived risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI). Calculation of the risk of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease showed that the estimated risk was low (0.15%), even with a high STI prevalence. This estimated risk argues for making IUDs more available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "Association of highly active antiretroviral therapy coverage, population viral load, and yearly new HIV diagnosis in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study," by Julio Montaner and colleagues, published in the August 14, 2010 issue, along with the response of the authors.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the article "Maternal Mortality for 181 Countries, 1980-2008: A Systematic Analysis of Progress Towards Millennium Development Goal 5," by M. C. Hogan and colleagues in the May 8, 2010 issue.