5 results on '"Prüss-Ustün, Annette"'
Search Results
2. Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes.
- Author
-
Wolf, Jennyfer, Johnston, Richard B, Ambelu, Argaw, Arnold, Benjamin F, Bain, Robert, Brauer, Michael, Brown, Joe, Caruso, Bethany A, Clasen, Thomas, Colford, John M, Mills, Joanna Esteves, Evans, Barbara, Freeman, Matthew C, Gordon, Bruce, Kang, Gagandeep, Lanata, Claudio F, Medlicott, Kate O, Prüss-Ustün, Annette, Troeger, Christopher, and Boisson, Sophie
- Subjects
- *
DRINKING water , *SANITATION , *HYGIENE , *PUBLIC health , *RESPIRATORY infections , *HOOKWORM disease - Abstract
Assessments of disease burden are important to inform national, regional, and global strategies and to guide investment. We aimed to estimate the drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-attributable burden of disease for diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, undernutrition, and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, using the WASH service levels used to monitor the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as counterfactual minimum risk-exposure levels. We assessed the WASH-attributable disease burden of the four health outcomes overall and disaggregated by region, age, and sex for the year 2019. We calculated WASH-attributable fractions of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections by country using modelled WASH exposures and exposure–response relationships from two updated meta-analyses. We used the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene public database to estimate population exposure to different WASH service levels. WASH-attributable undernutrition was estimated by combining the population attributable fractions (PAF) of diarrhoea caused by unsafe WASH and the PAF of undernutrition caused by diarrhoea. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was fully attributed to unsafe WASH. We estimate that 1·4 (95% CI 1·3–1·5) million deaths and 74 (68–80) million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) could have been prevented by safe WASH in 2019 across the four designated outcomes, representing 2·5% of global deaths and 2·9% of global DALYs from all causes. The proportion of diarrhoea that is attributable to unsafe WASH is 0·69 (0·65–0·72), 0·14 (0·13–0·17) for acute respiratory infections, and 0·10 (0·09–0·10) for undernutrition, and we assume that the entire disease burden from soil-transmitted helminthiasis was attributable to unsafe WASH. WASH-attributable burden of disease estimates based on the levels of service established under the SDG framework show that progress towards the internationally agreed goal of safely managed WASH services for all would yield major public-health returns. WHO and Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Wolf, Jennyfer, Hubbard, Sydney, Brauer, Michael, Ambelu, Argaw, Arnold, Benjamin F, Bain, Robert, Bauza, Valerie, Brown, Joe, Caruso, Bethany A, Clasen, Thomas, Colford, John M, Freeman, Matthew C, Gordon, Bruce, Johnston, Richard B, Mertens, Andrew, Prüss-Ustün, Annette, Ross, Ian, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Zhao, Jeff T, and Cumming, Oliver
- Subjects
- *
DIARRHEA prevention , *RESEARCH , *DIARRHEA , *SOAP , *META-analysis , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *SANITATION , *EVALUATION research , *WATER supply , *COMPARATIVE studies , *HAND washing - Abstract
Background: Estimates of the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions that provide high levels of service on childhood diarrhoea are scarce. We aimed to provide up-to-date estimates on the burden of disease attributable to WASH and on the effects of different types of WASH interventions on childhood diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated previous reviews following their search strategy by searching MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and BIOSIS Citation Index for studies of basic WASH interventions and of WASH interventions providing a high level of service, published between Jan 1, 2016, and May 25, 2021. We included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials conducted at household or community level that matched exposure categories of the so-called service ladder approach of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for WASH. Two reviewers independently extracted study-level data and assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and certainty of evidence using a modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We analysed extracted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs using random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42016043164.Findings: 19 837 records were identified from the search, of which 124 studies were included, providing 83 water (62 616 children), 20 sanitation (40 799 children), and 41 hygiene (98 416 children) comparisons. Compared with untreated water from an unimproved source, risk of diarrhoea was reduced by up to 50% with water treated at point of use (POU): filtration (n=23 studies; RR 0·50 [95% CI 0·41-0·60]), solar treatment (n=13; 0·63 [0·50-0·80]), and chlorination (n=25; 0·66 [0·56-0·77]). Compared with an unimproved source, provision of an improved drinking water supply on premises with higher water quality reduced diarrhoea risk by 52% (n=2; 0·48 [0·26-0·87]). Overall, sanitation interventions reduced diarrhoea risk by 24% (0·76 [0·61-0·94]). Compared with unimproved sanitation, providing sewer connection reduced diarrhoea risk by 47% (n=5; 0·53 [0·30-0·93]). Promotion of handwashing with soap reduced diarrhoea risk by 30% (0·70 [0·64-0·76]).Interpretation: WASH interventions reduced risk of diarrhoea in children in LMICs. Interventions supplying either water filtered at POU, higher water quality from an improved source on premises, or basic sanitation services with sewer connection were associated with increased reductions. Our results support higher service levels called for under SDG 6. Notably, no studies evaluated interventions that delivered access to safely managed WASH services, the level of service to which universal coverage by 2030 is committed under the SDG.Funding: WHO, Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Towards a healthier and safer environment.
- Author
-
Neira, Maria, Pfeiffer, Michaela, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, and Prüss-Ustün, Annette
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *PUBLIC health , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *POLLUTION prevention , *AIR pollution , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
The article offers information about awareness and promotion of public health as well as safer environment. It discusses the "Lancet" Commission on pollution and health, which is noted an important piece of work highlighting the impact that environmental pollution has on death and disease and the need to scale up political will in addressing the issue effectively, and the World Health Organisation's environmental burden of disease assessment.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries.
- Author
-
Öberg, Mattias, Jaakkola, Maritta S., Woodward, Alistair, Peruga, Armando, and Prüss-Ustün, Annette
- Subjects
- *
PASSIVE smoking , *CHILDREN , *WOMEN - Abstract
The article focuses on a study which estimated the worldwide exposure to second-hand smoke and examined its burden of disease in children and adult-non smokers in 2004. Comparative risk assessment method was employed to estimate the burden of disease from second-hand smoke. The study found that 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke. The highest proportions were recorded in Europe, the western Pacific and southeast Asia.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.