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Discusses the relationship between sex hormone deficiency in women and the loss of bone mass. Role of estrogen deficiency in causing osteoporosis in women aged 60 or older; Efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in protecting postmenopausal women against bone loss; Bone mass screening; The reasons why prevention of osteoporosis can be seen as a public health issue.

Presents a study in which researchers explored whether neonatal circumcision altered pain response at 4-month or 6-month vaccination compared with the response in uncircumcised infants. Whether pretreatment of circumcision pain with lidocaine-prilocaine cream (Emla) affects the subsequent vaccination response; Methods; Findings; Interpretation.

Presents a study which assessed whether long-acting calcium antagonists may increase coronary artery morbidity, mortality, and non-cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients. Methods; Findings: Differences between long-acting and short-acting calcium antagonists in cardiovascular outcomes: Needed assessment of various antihypertensive agents.

Investigates the existence and possible significance of the acute-phase responses of C-reactive protein and another sensitive reactant, serum amyloid A protein, in patients with unstable or stable angina. Methods; Findings; Interpretation.

Discusses a study to determine the prevalence of incidental intracranial aneurysms in first-degree relatives aged 30 years or more of people with intracranial aneurysms and to see if polycystic kidney disease contributes to the aggregations of familial intracranial aneurysms. Methods; Findings; Interpretation; Subarachnoid haemorrhage; Cerebrovascular deaths.

Reports on the study of apolipoprotein (APOE) genotypes of Alzheimer's disease patients (AD) and non-AD sufferers with and without herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in the brain. Methods of the study; Findings of the study; Interpretation of the findings.

Investigates the frequency of dementia and its subtypes in relation to atherosclerosis and apolipoprotein E. Alzheimer's disease, the most frequent type of dementia; Methods; Findings; Interpretation of findings; The study as part of the Rotterdam Study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Discusses a study on the treatment of Gaucher's disease with exogenous enzyme. Methods of the study; Results of the study; Interpretation of the findings.

Discusses an investigation of the effect of alendronate on the risk of morphometric and clinically evident fractures in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Methods of the investigation; Findings of the investigation; Interpretation of the findings.

Discusses a study on hemoglobin concentrations at which the risk of death begins to rise and at which transfusion is indicated. Methods of the study; Findings of the study; Interpretation of the findings.

Presents information on a study on the use of oral contraceptives (OC). The residual effects of past OC use; The relation between postmenopausal use of hormones and thrombotic disease; The methods of the study; Findings of the study; Interpretation of the findings.

Reports on a study to find an alternative to adjusted-dose warfarin in the prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods used in the study; The findings of the study; The interpretation of the findings.

Discusses a study of the use of the combinative affects of cyclosporin, azathioprine, and prednisolone (triple immunosuppression) after renal transplantation. Methods of the study; Findings of the study; Interpretation of the findings.

Presents a report on stress-related growth failure in children. Comparison of children with growth failure unrelated to organic pathology who came from stressful homes, with children of short-normal stature identified from an epidemiological survey; Study findings and interpretation.

Presents a study on how growth hormone affects the final height of short normal children. Use of biosynthetic human growth hormone (r-hGH); Methods; Participants; Findings, including that r-hGH significantly increased the difference in final height, compared with pretreatment predicted height; Interpretation of findings.

Discusses fulminant hepatic necrosis, or halothane hepatitis, which is an unusual complication of halothane anesthesia and which may be fatal. Results of an investigation which looked at the hypothesis that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is responsible for human halothane metabolism in vivo. Details of study that was conducted on 20 men undergoing anesthesia for elective surgery; Diagram showing the pathways of oxidative and reductive halothane metabolism.

Presents an investigation into the association between calcium antagonists and increased risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in hypertensive individuals at least 67 years of age. Patients and methods; Findings and interpretation; Discussion.

Presents a study analyzing whether the benefit of adding chemotherapy to tamoxifen treatment for women with postmenopausal breast cancer outweighs its costs in terms of patient discomfort and toxic effect. Patients and methods; Findings and interpretation; Conclusion and discussion.

Investigates the associations between plasma fibrinogen concentration and factors which operate in childhood and in adulthood. Factors including the psychosocial characteristics of work; How high plasma fibrinogen concentration is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease; Methods; Findings and interpretation; Conclusion and discussion.

Presents an investigation into the antidepressant efficacy of estrogen given transdermally in the treatment of postnatal depression. Patients and methods; Results; Discussion.

Presents a study which analyzed the results of a World Health Organization (WHO) registry of reports of limb defects among infants exposed to chorionic villus sampling. Reasons for study; Methods; Findings and interpretation; Discussion.

Presents a study in which the role of dopamine release in eliciting cravings for cocaine is measured. Conditioned response in drug users produced by environmental cues; Patients and methods of study; Findings and interpretation; Discussion.

Presents the results of a study investigating the nature and cause of symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma of workers in a 3-month old salmon processing plant in Great Britain. Exposure to respirable aerosols containing salmon-serum antigens generated by processing machinery; Enclosed ventilation system of factory; Elimination of noxious aerosols; Salmon serum as allergen.

Presents the results of a study assessing the maintenance of vascular tone in chronic heart failure by acute administration of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist. Endothelin-1 as most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor; Bosentan's reduction of pulmonary artery pressure; Role of endothelin-1 in the circulatory abnormalities in patients with chronic heart failure.

Presents the results of a study which examined the effects of continuous morphine medication for cancer pain on patients' psychomotor performance by subjecting them to psychological and neurological tests originally designed for professional motor vehicle drivers. Effects of single doses of opioids on psychomotor function; Structure and methodology of the tests; Driving ability.

Presents a study on the effects of vitamin B12, folate and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations. Effect of supplements on metabolite concentrations; Effect of supplements in patients with normal serum vitamin concentrations.

Examines the association between chronic renal failure (CRF) and occupational exposure to pollutants. Types of pollutants related to the prevalence of CRF; Frequency of occupational exposures in patients with diabetic nephropathy; Grain-dust exposure and increased CRF risks.

Presents a case-control study on the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene DD and the angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with increased risk of coronary heart disease conducted in New Zealand. Classification of subjects; Method of data collection; Characteristics of ACE (DD); Genetic explanation.

Examines how fat intake relates to intake of extrinsic sugar. Contribution of different carbohydrate-containing food groups to fat intake; Direct association between fat and protein intake; Deterioration in the quality of the diet in heavy users of extrinsic sugar.

Investigates the effects of a phytopharmaceutical called beta-sitosterol in patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Inability to establish a clear mechanism of action; Improvement of quality of life score in the beta-sitosterol group; Absence of adverse effects.

Compares the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with placebo for prevention of acute rejection episodes after first or second cadaveric renal allograft transplantation. Patients needing full courses of corticosteroids or antilymphocyte agents for treatment of rejection episodes; Patients who died or had lost the graft; Frequency of adverse effects.

Compares the neuropsychological performance of sheep farmers exposed to organophosphate-based pesticides with non-exposed quarry workers. Low performance of the farmers on sustained attention and speed of information processing tests; Vulnerability to psychiatric disorders; Association of organophosphate-based pesticides with changes in the nervous system.

Examines the risk of lung cancer from asbestos exposure among persons with radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Smoking and occupational histories of primay lung cancer patients; Assessment of exposure to asbestos; Assessment of the presence and extent of fibrosis; Association between lung cancer and asbestos even in the absence of fibrosis.

Investigates the effects of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol on serum lipid concentrations and growth in 1,602 healthy seven-month-old infants. Close correlation of atherosclerotic lesions and serum total and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol; Comparison of energy intake by infants; Modification of serum lipid profiles; Aims of dietary intervention.

Investigates the relationship between trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acids in adipose tissue and cardiac arrest. Analysis of isomers; Description of subjects included in the study; Measurement of proportions of trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acid by gas-liquid chromatography; Adjustment of univariate relations for trans fatty acids for coronary risk factors.

Examines the relationship between adipose tissue trans fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction. Fatty acid metabolism; Description of subjects in the experiment and experimental methods; Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue as an appropriate biomarker of dietary intake for fatty acids not synthesized by human beings.

Focuses on the role of vitamin E in the prevention of diseases process which are public health concern. Immunostimulatory effect of vitamin E; Discussion of the ideal intake and clinical applications of vitamin E; Inverse association between dietary intake or plasma concentrations of antioxidants and cardiovascular disease; Reduction of the risks of cancer.

Studies the immunologic capabilities of vitamin A and the carotenoids. Antioxidant protection against oxidative free radical attack; Functions of vitamin A at the organ and cellular level; Protection against degenerative diseases.

Examines the value of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor cough by a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial. Relationship between initial cough severity and benefit from sodium cromoglycate; Suppression of ACE-inhibitor cough; Other mechanism for ACE-inhibitor cough.

Investigates the effect of one hour exposures to domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on the airway response to house-dust mite (HDM) allergen in patients with mild asthma. Epidemiology of indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure; Use of fixed-dose allergen concentrations; Study design.

Compares the efficacies of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions against the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. Evaluation of the ovicidal and pediculicidal activities of the lotions; Assessment of resistance of the louse to pediculicides; Children in the elementary school in Paris as subjects.

Tests the hypothesis that sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide alone or in combination could have a contributory role in enhancing the airway response of asthmatic patients to allergen inhalation. Forced expiratory volume in one second; Forced vital capacity (FVC); Cumulative breath units (CBU) of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen.

Investigates the relevance of antimicrobial prophylaxis in neurosurgery and after head injury. Efficacy of prophylaxis in clean non-implant procedures; Clean-contaminated procedures; Efficacy of prophylaxis in cerebrospinal fluid surgery; Incidence of etiology of meningitis.

Assesses the distribution of neurovascular compression at the ventrolateral medulla in human beings with essential hypertension. Use of double-echo and magnetic-resonance angiography sequences to detect neurovascular compression; Differences in blood pressure control and duration; Essential hypertension patients with evidence of left-sided neurovascular compression at the ventrolateral medulla.

Reports on a randomized trial of cholesterol lowering using simvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease in Norway. Controversy surrounding drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia; Safety and survival improvement with the use of simvastatin; Baseline characteristics of patients; Changes in serum lipid concentrations; Adverse reactions.

Presents a clinical and molecular epidemiology of acinetobacter infections sensitive to polymyxin B and sulbactam. Environmental surveillance of the disease; Outbreak control; DNA analysis; Multiple antibiotic resistance in acinobacter.

Presents a study of the genetic causes of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Characteristics and symptoms of CJD; Apolipopoprotein E alleles (APOE) as major susceptibility factors of CJD; APOE's relevance in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Examines the effect on coronary atherosclerosis of decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolemic patients. Number of patients with coronary heat disease studied; Mean total concentration of cholesterol; Coronary angiograms at the baseline.

Reports on the results of a double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody (ca2) to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) versus placebo in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Aim of determining the efficacy and safety profile of cA2 in short-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; Examination of TNF as a critical inflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis.