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This paper analyzes allocations of agricultural extension services in India in terms of a political-economic framework. The empirical * Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel. The author is indebted to S. BHALLA, M. CRAIN, R. EVENSON, B. HERRICK, T. PAUL SCHULTZ, T.W. SCHULTZ, and F. WELCH for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. This research was partially supported by a grant from the Agency for International Development to the Rand Corporation. Valuable comments were also received in seminars at The University of Minnesota, the Rand Corporation, UCLA, and Punjab Agricultural University (Ludhiana). Research assistance was provided by R. BUDDIN, R. HARRISON, D. LEVY, and R. SOUSA. 1. Much of this work is summarized in EVENSON and KISLEV (1975). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we concentrate on FDI and argue that the contrasting FDI policies in Brazil and India can be traced back to differences in the respective colonial (or semi-colonial) experiences of the two nations during the 19th century. Our comparative analysis of FDI in Brazil and India shows the importance of historical and institutional awareness in gaining an understanding of the manner in which each society perceived the role of foreign investments in their societies. By doing this, we gain an understanding of the reasons these countries adopted different attitudes and policies towards foreign capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we return to the numerical issue of the size of the cost of rent seeking and re-examine KRUEGER'S earlier calculations for India. We follow KRUEGER'S procedure of approximating rent-seeking costs by the value of rents created by controls, even though it is now agreed that this result is only an approximation. While there is a substantial amount of ambiguity both as to which controls in India generate rent seeking and exactly how the rent seeking works, we nonetheless suggest that the annual costs of rent seeking in India seem likely to significantly exceed KRUEGERS' figure of 7% of GNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]