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(Received: July 23, 2014; Revised: September 16, 2014; Accepted: October 13, 2014)Abstract : In Korea, brucellosis has been reported periodically in cattle and rarely in dogs; however, it has not previouslybeen screened in domestic animals such as elk, pigs and goats. To investigate the serological prevalence, serum sampleswere taken from the aforementioned animals annually during 2007-2013 and screened by the rose-bengal test (RBT)or modified RBT, after which positive sera were evaluated by the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Finally,RBT and STAT-positive sera were confirmed by competitive-ELISA. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from threeelk that were shown to be positive serologically in 2008. There was no evidence of brucellosis in pigs. Based onserological monitoring and investigation of etiological agents, there is no evidence of outbreak of brucellosis in elk,pigs or goats of Korea since 2008. However, the possibility for brucellosis from cattle to affect these other livestockexists; therefore, extensive and continuous serological monitoring is required to maintain their brucellosis-free status.Keywords : brucellosis, competitive-ELISA, rose-Bengal test, serological test, standard tube agglutination test

The purpose of present study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy animals in all provinces of the Republic of Korea. A total of 2,085 E. coli strains isolated from 11,336 fecal samples of healthy animals during 2010-2012 were examined for antimicrobial resistance. Comparison of average resistance rate through the years revealed that tetracycline (47.0% and 76.1%) and streptomycin resistance (42.6% and 64.6%) was most frequently observed in cattle and pigs, respectively. Whereas, in chicken isolates, resistance against nalidixic acid (90.9%) was highest among the antimicrobials tested. Percentage of E. coli that showed multidrug resistance (resistance against ≥ three subclasses of antimicrobial agents) was 17.6% (151/860) in cattle, 69.4% (506/ 729) in pigs, and 86.1% (427/496) in chickens. Overall, the rates of resistance are apparently different between animal species and, in particular, resistance was less prevalent in cattle than in pigs and chickens. In conclusion, this study showed higher prevalence of resistance in commensal E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents in Korean livestock and highlighted the urgent need for measures to regulate the abuse of antimicrobial agents.

Q-fever is a vector-borne (Coxiella [C.] burnetii) zoonotic disease that is an increasing public health concern. To date, some research about Q-fever prevalence in dairy herds and human patients has been reported in Korea, but information about Korean native cattle is scarce. To measure the prevalence rates of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle, a total of 1,095 bovine serum samples collected during 2010~2013 were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-eight heads of cattle were diagnosed as positive and while 19 heads were suspected (positive rate

(Received: January 6, 2014; Revised: April 2, 2014; Accepted: April 9, 2014)Abstract : In this study, trends in the sales of antimicrobials for use in livestock facilities and fisheries from 2003to 2012 were investigated with regard to antimicrobial group, antimicrobial usage, and animal species. The overallamount of antimicrobials sold each year from 2003 to 2007 was 1,500 tons, after which they decreased, with thelowest sales being 936 tons in 2012. The total volume of antimicrobials used for feed additives decreased markedlyby 94% from 2003 to 2012, which was mainly attributed to banning of feed additives. However, antimicrobialconsumption through self prescription by farmers for disease prevention and treatment increased by 25% from 2003to 2012. The largest volume of antimicrobials sold was for use in pigs (48~57%), followed by poultry (18~24%),fisheries (11~25%), and cattle (5~8%). Tetracycline was the highest selling antimicrobial, followed by penicillinsand sulfonamides, although the overall sale of all three antimicrobials gradually decreased over the study period.This study demonstrated that the total consumption of antimicrobials has gradually decreased since 2008.Nevertheless, usage by nonprofessionals increased, which can ultimately cause emergence and spread of antimicrobialresistance. Thus, early establishment of veterinary prescription guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials is urgentlyneeded in Korea. Keywords : antimicrobials, fisheries, livestock, sales

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brachyspira species and antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae isolates in Korea. A total of fifty-five Brachyspira species were isolated; five (1.0%) beta-hemolytic Brachyspira species and 50 (10.4%) weak hemolytic Brachyspira species from 116 different diarrheic pig samples and 367 apparently normal pig samples. In farm level, beta hemolytic and weak hemolytic Brachyspira species were detected in 7.4% (5/68) and 19.1% (13/68) of tested pig farms, respectively. By phenotypic and genotypic characterization, all beta hemolytic Brachyspira isolates was classified as group I (B. hyodysenteriae), whereas weak hemolytic Brachyspira species isolates were group III (B. innocens or B. murdochii). B. hyodysenteriae isolates showed high level of minimum inhibition concentrations to macrolide antimicrobials. This study shows that the prevalence of pathogenic B. hyodysenteriae in pigs is low but antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens is high in Korea. This is the first report of the prevalence of Brachyspira group III and antimicrobial susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae in pigs in Korea. Our results could provide basic data for the management and treatment guidelines of Brachyspira infection.

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis, continues to exert an economic loss, even in countries with active control measures, and is one of zoonotic diseases enable to be transmitted to human. The control and eradication of bTB are mainly based on a test and slaughter policy and/or abattoir surveillance. Various factors including limitation of diagnostic tests have been considered as major constraints to eradication. Single intradermal test (SIT) is the official diagnostic test. New diagnostic methods are needed to be developed, because of limitations of the test. In the present study SIT was compared with single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT) and interferon (IFN)-γ assay. There was very low correlation between SIT and SICCT. However, high correlation was shown between SIT and IFN-γ assay while no correlation was observed between SICCT and IFN-γ assay. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of replacement of SIT with IFN-γ assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.