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The great part of the traditional knowledge on ethnobotanical plants and their uses is gradually vanishing due to industrialization, therefore ethnobotanical studies that explore and preserve the knowledge are in urgent needed before the knowledge are lost ever. This study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Korea from 2006 to 2014. According to the survey results, derived from 17,328 sheets of 1,771 residents at 868 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Korea consisted of a total 924 taxa; 130 families, 493 genera, 813 species, 7 subspecies, 92 varieties and 12 form. Of them, herbs were 619 taxa (67.0%) and woody plants were 305 taxa (33.0%). 707 taxa (76.5%) out of 924 taxa grow wild, 44 taxa (4.8%) were cultivated wild species, 145 taxa (15.7%) were introduced for cultivation, and 28 taxa (3.0%) were naturalized plants. The analysis of usage for 924 taxa showed that the edible use was the highest with 58.9%, followed by medicinal with 26.9%, material with 3.7% and ornamental with 2.3%, respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and root. Quantitative analysis of the ethnobotanical plants in Korea was performed by the basic values of FC, NU and UR, and indices of CI, RFC, RI and CV. As a result, The CI place Artemisia princeps in first position, followed by Aster scaber, Kalopanax septemlobus. The RFC place A. scaber in first position, followed by A. princeps, Aralia elata. The RI place A. princeps in first position, followed by Pinus densiflora, Morus alba. The CV place A. princeps in first position, followed by P. densiflora, K. septemlobus.

Faculty of Integrated Korean Medicine Bioscience, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, KoreaAbstract - The ethnobotanical study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area, S. Korea from 2012 to 2013. According to the survey results, derived from 1,430 sheets of 183 residents at 70 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area consisted of a total 247 taxa; 82 families, 197 genera, 224 species, 3 subspecies, 19 varieties and 1 form. The analysis of usage for 247 taxa showed that the edible use was the highest with 166 taxa, followed by medicinal with 138 taxa, craft with 27 taxa, material with 16 taxa and ritual with 9 taxa respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and fruit plant. Quantitative analysis of the ethnobotanical plants in Hallyeo-Haesang National Park area was performed by the basic values of FC, NU and UR, and indices of CI, RFC, RI and CV. As a result, The CI places Artemisia princeps in the first position, followed by Pueraria lobata, Taraxacum platycarpum. The RFC place A. princeps in first position, followed by Achyranthes japonica, Aster scaber . The RI places A. princeps in the first position, followed by P. lobata , Pinus densiflora . The CV places A. princeps in the first position, followed by P. lobata , A. japonica . Farfugium japonicum had been used as specific ethnobotanical plant in this area, for arthralgia, postpartum arthrodynia, circulatory disturbance.

This study was carried out to inventory the vascular plant flora in Deokjeokdo and its adjacent regions (Mungapdo, Soyado), Ongjin-gun, South Korea, from April to October 2014. Based on the voucher specimens, vascular plants in this area consisted of 108 families, 362 genera, 578 species, 5 subspecies, 66 varieties and 4 forms, totally 653 taxa. In the flora of this area, 5 taxa of Korean endemic plants were found distributed in the sites, including Hepatica insularis Nakai and Asarum glabrata (C.S.Yook & J.G.Kim) B.U.Oh. Korean rare and endangered plants found in this area were 1 taxa of Critical Endangered Species (CR) and 5 taxa of Vulnerable Species (VU). The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 67 taxa comprising 3 taxa of grade V, 2 taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, 3 taxa of grade II and 47 taxa of grade I. Naturalized plants consisted of 67 taxa, such as Chenopodium album L. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. were recognized widely distributed in the area.

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Neunggyeong-bong, Gangwond-do, South Korea. The vascular plants that were collected 7 times from 2008 and 2013 consisted a total of 440 taxa; 75 families, 261 genera, 383 species, 4 subspecies, 48 varieties and 5 forms. Among them, 15 taxa of Korean endemic plants and 11 taxa of rare and endangered plants were included. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 11 taxa of grade IV, 22 taxa of grade III. Naturalized plants consisted of 29 taxa that made up 6.6% of the total vascular plants in this area. Medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia and Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia distributed in this area consisted of 60 taxa. Key wordcs Neunggyeong-bong, Vascular plants, Endemic plants, Rare plants, Naturalized plants, Medicinal resource *교신저자(E-mail) : yangun@forest.go.kr c 본 학회지의 저작권은 (사)한국자원식물학회지에 있으며, 이의 무단전재나 복제를 금합니다. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 서 언 능경봉(1,123 m)은 행정구역상 강원도 평창군 대관령면 횡계 리와 강릉시 왕산면 왕산리의 경계에 위치하고 있으며, 지리적 으로 북위 37° 39' 19" ~ 37° 40' 56", 동경 128° 44' 39" ~ 128° 47' 58"에 자리잡고 있다. 본 조사지역을 중심으로 북쪽은 대관 령 선자령, 곤신봉, 매봉, 남쪽은 고루포기산, 닭목재, 옥녀봉으 로 이어지는 백두대간 구간이며, 동쪽으로는 제왕산과 접해 있 다(Fig. 1). 이 지역의 최근 5년간(2008~2012년) 기후특성을 살 펴보면 월평균기온이 7.0°C이고, 6~10월의 월평균기온이 20°C 를 넘지 않은 경우가 많다. 월평균 강수량은 1.345.7 mm로 여름 철에 편중되었으며, 월평균습도는 73.0%로 안개 발생이 잦은 편이다(Pyeongchang country office, 2014). 본 조사지역은 한반도 식물의 지리적 분포를 바탕으로 구분 된 8개의 식물구계 중 중부아구에 속하며, 한반도 기후를 바탕 으로 한 5개 삼림대 중 온대 중부 삼림대에 속한다. 이 삼림대의 특징수종은 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 때죽나무 등이다(Lee and Yim, 1978, 2002; Yim and Kira, 1975). 능경봉 일대에 대한 종합적인 관식속물상은 현재까지 자세 히 알려져 있지 않으며, 인근지역의 식물상 연구로는 병두산 (Kim et al., 2010), 계방산(Hwang et al. 2013), 발왕산(Chung and Sun, 1988), 오대산(Kim et al., 1996) 등을 대상으로 이루 어졌다. 또한 옥녀봉, 칠성대, 망덕봉을 중심으로 한 식생조사 가 이루어졌으며(Hong and Hong, 2010), 최근 대관령 목장 현 존식생 및 식물군집구조에 관한 연구가 수행되었다(Noh et al.

The ethnobotanical study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Jeju island, Korea from March to November, 2011. According to the survey results, derived from 1,774 sheets of 177 residents at 78 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Jeju island consisted of a total 356 taxa; 103 families, 260 genera, 312 species, 2 subspecies, 37 varieties and 5 form. The analysis of usage for 365 taxa showed that the medicinal use was the highest with 284 taxa, followed by edible with 145 taxa, ritual with 36 taxa, craft with 31 taxa and timber with 31 taxa respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and whole plant. The most frequently mentioned taxon was Plantago asiatica (34 citations), followed by Artemisia princeps (32 citations) and Lonicera japonica (30 citations).

Components extracted from 7 species and 18 populations of Chrysosplenium in Korea were compared and analyzed using GC-MS analysis. 57 components (≥80% quality) were identified, of which neophytadiene, palmitic acid and phytol were found at all the taxa. Percentage composition of isolated extracts showed a clear difference in components type and GC-MS profile. On the basis of that result, data matrix was made and cluster analysis using UPGMA was conducted. From the result of cluster analysis, two groups were recombined; one with alternate leaves comprised C. japonicum in Ser. Alternifolia and C. flagelliferum in Ser. Flagellifera and the other with opposite leaves gradationally comprised C. psuedofauriei in Ser. Sinica, C. ramosum in Ser. Oppositifolia and C. sphaerospermum, C. valdepilosum, C. flaviflorum in Ser. Pilosa. These chemotaxonomic results agreed in general with those of existing studies on external morphology and molecular. In conclusion, chemical composition can be an useful characters in understanding the relation analysis among interspecific and intraspecific complex with the help of cluster analysis of 7 species and 18 populations of Chrysosplenium in Korea.

We investigated the effect of extracts(50 µg/mL) from 31 folk plants in Ulleung Island on nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Actinidia arguta (leaf, twig), Hovenia dulcis (leaf), Camellia japonica (leaf, twig), Sambucus sieboldiana var . pendula (leaf, twig) and Fallopia sachalinensis (root) showed significant NO inhibition activity(42%~88% NO inhibition rate). Of them, we selected 3 samples( A. arguta, H. dulcis and C. japonica ) showing more than 50% NO inhibition activity and little effect on cell viability. We found that the extracts suppressed the NO and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) produced by LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells in dose-dependent manners. Key words - Actinidia arguta , Hovenia dulcis , Camellia japonica , Nitric oxide, Prostaglandin E 2 * 교신저자(E-mail): jjku@forest.go.kr ⓒ 본 학회지의 저작권은 (사)한국자원식물학회지에 있으며, 이의 무단전재나 복제를 금합니다. 서 언 최근 세계 각국에서는 자국의 자생식물에 대한 전통지식을 기반으로 활용하는 민속식물에 관한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 특히 2010년 일본 나고야에서 개최된 생물다양성협약에서 유전자원과 전통지식의 접근 및 이익분배에 관한 나고야의정서가 채택되는 등, 전통지식을 공유하고, 나아가 민속식물의 유용성 탐색을 통한 소재식물의 발굴 및 개발이 절실히 필요한 실정이다 . 이에 관한 국내의 연구는 경기도 내륙 남부, 경상북도 내륙 및 울릉도, 경상남도 내륙, 강원도 남부, 강원도 북부 등 한반도 전역에서 민속식물 이용 정보를 수집 및 발굴하였다(Choi et al., 2010; Chung et al., 2010; Chung et al., 2011; Im et al., 2011; Jeong et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012). 따라서 이를 활용한 건강기능 제품 및 의약품분야에 폭넓게 활용 될 수 있는 기능성 소재를 탐색하는 것이 필요한 실정이다 . 기능성 분야 연구는 매우 다양화되고 있는데, 그 중 염증으로 인한 질병을 예방 또는 치료하는 데 목적을 둔 항염증 소재 연구도 한 부분을 차지하고 있다.염증 반응은 외상이나 세균의 침입으로 인해 손상된 조직에 대한 생체 조직의 국소적 방어반응이다 . 염증 반응이 일어나면 여러 가지 염증매개인자들이 만들어지는 데 이로 인하여 통증, 발열, 홍반, 부종 및 기능 상실 등의 증상이 나타난다(Sarkar and Fisher, 2006; Fierro and Serhan, 2001; Park et al., 2007). 대식세포는 숙주의 항상성 유지와 같이 여러 종류의 숙주 반응에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E

This study was carried out in order to catalogue the folk plants of 5 counties and cities of Chungcheongbuk-do Province from March to October, 2011. 429 pages of field notes relating to the folk plants were collected from approximately 92 local inhabitants and analyzed subsequently. The identified folk plants were of 173 taxa, composed of 150 species, 1 subspecies, 22 varieties and 129 genera under 56 families. Naturalized plants were included.The use by its usage was: 349 taxa; edible, 68 taxa; medicinal, 2 taxa; dye, 1 taxa; aroma, 4 taxa; spice, 1, taxa; ornamental, 3 taxa; oil, 1 taxa; starch, 18 taxa; others respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by stem, and whole plant. The consistency comparison between the scientific name and the local name were the highest in the 50's and the lowest in 90's. Key words - Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, Folk plants, Scientific name, Local name * 교신저자(E-mail): idec5974@semyung.ac.kr

This study was carried out in order to catalogue the folk plants of 7 counties and cities of northern region of Chungcheongbuk-do from March to October, 2011. Based on the 626 survey sheets collected from 67 residents at 17 places of 7 counties and were subsequently analysed. The identified folk plants in the northern region of Chungcheongbuk-do consisted of a total 348 taxa; 98 families, 250 genera, 298 species, 5 subspecies, 38 varieties, and 7 forms. The use by its usage were: 223 taxa; edible, 123 taxa; medicinal, 4 taxa; dye, 2 taxa; aroma, 6 taxa; spice, 32 taxa; ornamental, 11 taxa; oil, 4 taxa; starch, 22 taxa; and others, respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by fruit and root. The consistency comparison between the scientific and the local name were the highest in the 50"s and the lowest in 80"s.

This study was carried out to illuminate the flora of vascular plants of islands at Chungnam. This study was conducted from March to November, 2010. Based on the voucher, vascular plants of in investigated islands were 105 families 326 genera 454 species 4 subspecies 45 varieties 9 forms, totally 512 taxa. Korean endemic plants were 6 species such as Aster koraiensis, Salix koriyanagi, Indigofera koreana, Hemerocallis taeanensis, Hepatica insularis, Philadelphus schrenckii, rare and endangered plants of designated by Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa, such as Magnolia kobus (planted), Koelreuteria paniculata, Berchemia racemosa var. magna, Glehnia littoralis respectively. Phytogeographical special plants were totally 69 taxa, which were grade I of 50 taxa, grade II of 1 axon, grade III of 11 taxa, grade IV of 4 taxa, and grade V of 3 taxa. 14 southern plants and 4 northern plant by criterion from climate change study were found in this area. Naturalized plants were 17 families 46 taxa, that was 9.1% of total vascular plants in this area. Even naturalized plants has not influence on the islands vegetation. However, regular passenger ferry between islands and increasing of visiter will be affecting vegetation.

This study was carried out to classify the folk plants in southern region of Gangwon-do. According to the survey results from 1,103 survey sheets of 83 residents at 32 places of 9 counties and cities from March to October, 2010, the folk plants in the southern region of Gangwon-do consisted of a total 311 taxa; 92 families, 222 genera, 274 species, 2 subspecies, 29 varieties, and 6 form. The use by its usage was: 227 taxa; Edible, 174 taxa; Medicinal, 14 taxa; Ornamental, 5 taxa; Oil, 5 taxa; Spice, 4 taxa; Dye, 1 taxa; Fiber, 1 taxa; Aroma, 1 taxa; Fuel, 32 taxa; Others, respectively, so the edible use is the highest. The most useful part was the leaf, followed by root and fruit. The consistency comparison between the scientific name and the local name were the highest in the 50`s and the lowest in 80`s.

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA from genus Chrysosplenium were sequenced to address phylogenetic relationship. ITS including 5.8S sequence varied in length from 647 bp to 653 bp. Among them, 219 sites were variable sites with parsimony-informative. The aligned sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. In the strict consensus trees of parsimony analysis, the monophyly of Chrysosplenium was supported by 100% bootstrap value. The first clade, C. pseudofauriei was at the basal position of the genus, and others formed two clades with high bootstrap support. The second clade included Ser. Pilosa and Ser. Oppositifolia and third clade included Ser. Alternifolia and Ser. Flagellifera. The NJ trees showed essentially the same topology. Finally, DNA sequences of ITS regions were useful phylogenetic marker in this genus. Based on the ITS and ridge seed morphological results, C. sphaerospermum Maxim. and C. valdepilosum (Ohwi) S.H. Kang & J.W. Han were discussed their scientific names and taxonomic positions.

In the present study, the anti-oxidative properties of 80% ethanol extracts from 140 kinds of natural plants were investigated. Persicaria perfoliata had the highest anti-oxidative relative potency(VitaminE, =1.0), followed by Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Rosa multiflora, Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica, Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica and Lespedeza bicolor ( 1.50). Among them, the anti-oxidative activity values of the n-hexane, , EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water fractions of the 80% EtOH extracts of P. perfoliata and S. sorbifolia in the ORAC assay system were , , , and ; , , , and , respectively, with marked anti-oxidative activity in the ethyl acetate fraction from selected the 2 plant extracts.