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‘Haedeul’ is a high-quality rice variety with early maturing that adapts to the central region of Korea. This cultivar was crossed between ‘Gopum’, which has excellent taste, and ‘Hoban’, which has a low viviparous germination rate and is moderately tolerant of cold, by the rice breeding team of the Department of Central Area Crop Science, NlCS, RDA, in 2017. In early-transplanting cultivation, the heading date of ‘Haedeul’ was July 24 in central area of Korea, which was seven days later than that of ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Haedeul’ had a culm length of 75 cm and 99 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Haedeul’ was 7.7%. It showed resistance to blast and bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race), but was susceptible to the K3a race of bacterial blight, stripe virus, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant-hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited a translucent and medium short grain shape. The cooked rice grains of ‘Haedeul’ had an excellent palatability index (0.61) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Jopyeong’. The grain milling characteristics were better than those of ‘Jopyeong’, especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.9%). ‘Haedeul’ milled rice productivity averaged 5.32 MT/ha at five sites under ordinary cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Baromi2” is an improved resistant early maturing rice variety with floury endosperm, and is suitable for dry milling. This variety was developed in 2019 by crossing “Suweon542,” which is ideal for dry milling, and “Jopyeong” by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration. The heading date of “Baromi2” was July 27 in the Honam Plains, 17 d earlier than that of “Seolgaeng.” The culm length of “Baromi2” was 76 cm, which was almost the same as its check variety “Seolgaeng”; additionally, its panicle length, panicle number, and 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice were 23 cm, 11, and 18.4 g, respectively. “Baromi2” showed strong resistance against rice blast, bacterial blight, and stripe virus disease, but was susceptible to dwarf and brown and small brown planthoppers. The milled rice yield of “Baromi2” was approximately 475 kg/10a in the local adaptability test for 3 years in the late planting culture. The grain hardness of “Baromi2” with a floury endosperm was 2 and 3 times lower than that of “Seolgaeng” with opaque endosperm and “Jopyeong” with transparent endosperm, respectively. The rice flour of “Baromi2” exhibited superior physicochemical characteristics with respect to granule size and damaged starch content compared with any other check varieties. These results inferred that “Baromi2” was suitable for dry milling and for the processed rice industry, owing to its lower milling costs and eco-friendly milling methods (Registration No. 9052). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early maturing rice cultivars grown in plain areas have an undesirable appearance due to high temperatures during the grain-filling stage. Therefore, developing early maturing rice cultivars with desirable appearance traits in plain areas is the primary goal of rice breeding programs. This study aimed to develop an early maturing rice cultivar adaptable to early transplanting cultivation in the Chungnam plain area. To develop “Yeoreumi,” two breeding materials were used, good-quality “Joami” from the Chungnam plain area and “Hokuto” having the fastest heading date among the genetic resources and originating from Japan. These two resources were crossed in 2010 to develop the “Yeoreumi” cultivar using the pedigree method. A yield trial was conducted in 2015-2016, and a local adaptability test was conducted in 2017-2019. The heading date of “Yeoreumi” was July 10, when it was transplanted early in the Chungnam plain area, and it could be harvested at August end, which was sufficient to produce a fresh stock of rice before “Chuseok, which is the Korean Thanksgiving Day.” The yield of milled rice was approximately 5.29 MT/ha in the local adaptability test, which was 0.47 MT/ha higher than that of “Jinbuolbyeo.” Additionally, its grain quality was good, with 89.9% head rice and 67.6 glossiness of cooked rice. Overall, the results of this study indicated that “Yeoreumi” was suitable for early transplanting cultivation in the Chungnam plain area for “Chuseok,” and could be used as a representative early maturing rice cultivar in Chungcheongnam-do (Registration No. 8597). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice blast is one of the most serious agricultural diseases in the world. Rice blast can be managed using low nitrogen fertilizers, treatment with chemical fungicides, and the most effective resistant varieties. Many genetic resources have been investigated and used along with molecular markers to breed blast-resistant rice varieties. In this study, the genetic diversity of blast resistance genes using 27 functional/linked markers and rice blast incidence over three years was investigated in 296 Korean rice varieties. Blast incidence was determined using a 0-9 scoring system (0=no lesions to 9=dead leaves) in nursery tests. The blast incidence of 296 rice varieties showed a significant correlation between years (r>0.64, p<0.001). The 261 Japonica varieties showed blast resistance compared to 114 mid-late maturing varieties or 96 medium-maturing varieties. 35 Tongil-type varieties also exhibited greater resistance than Japonica varieties. DNA marker-trait association analysis was conducted using 27 DNA markers linked to 19 blast resistance genes. Twelve DNA markers showed significant associations with the average blast incidence over 3 years. The ‘9871.T7E’ marker linked with Pi40 was strongly associated with blast disease, with a phenotypic variance of 24% over 3 years (p<0.001). Among the varieties harboring the Pi40 allele, early maturing varieties accounted for 87%. These results imply that the blast resistance of early maturing Korean varieties is associated with the Pi40 gene. These results will be beneficial for breeding blast-resistant rice in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to determine the optimum transplanting dates of ‘Bbareumi’ in the Chungnam Plain area. ‘Bbareumi’ was transplanted into a rice research field of Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services at intervals of approximately 15 days from April 17th to August 1st in 2019 and 2020. The heading dates of ‘Bbareumi’ were June 23rd to September 2nd depending on transplanting dates. The highest milled-rice yield was 5.61 MT/ha on May 1st and the lowest was 3.65 MT/ha on August 1st. As the transplanting date was delayed, protein content increased; however, the number of days from transplanting to heading decreased. Protein content and the number of days from transplanting to heading showed a highly significant correlation (R² = 0.802**). Therefore, it was found that early transplanting was beneficial to produce lower protein content because head rice percentage was 84-87% for early (April 17th to May 16th), 74-80% normal (June 1st to June 16th), and 86-95% for the late transplanting date (July 1st to August 1st). The mean temperature during the ripening stage differed according to the transplanting dates, and early transplanting showed a lower temperature than the normal one (May 16th to June 15th) and a higher head rice percentage. Therefore, extremely early maturing rice cultivars should be transplanted between late April and early May to obtain lower protein content and higher head rice percentage. These results will be useful for rice breeding programs, as it is generally recognized that early transplanting results in poor rice quality; however, this study revealed contrasting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperate japonica is used as the parent for crossing in the breeding of new rice cultivars in Korea, and the grain shape of the developed lines or cultivars is a semi-round and medium-short grain length. To overcome the current low quantity of japonica cultivar germplasm and deterioration in quality caused by climate change, it is necessary to diversify the grain characteristics of japonica. Most of the United States (US) cultivars are classified as medium, long, extra-long, and half spindle- and spindle-shaped grains. The qSW5 allelotype, a major gene involved in grain width, is found in all US cultivars. In addition, the US cultivar ‘Saber’ has both qgl3 and GS3_B alleles, which have low allele frequencies among Korean rice cultivars, and ‘A020’ had gw8, an allele with a reduced grain width. The pasting properties and texture of medium-grain length and half-spindle-shaped cultivars were relatively similar to those of the Korean rice cultivar, but different from those of long-grain and long spindle-shaped cultivars. Therefore, grain shape is associated with pasting properties and texture traits. Among the rice cultivars in the US, tropical japonica belongs to the same japonica as the Korean rice cultivar; however, its grain shape is similar to that of indica. As grain shape is also related to grain quality, US cultivars can be used as a useful genetic resource for diversifying the grain characteristics of Korean japonica cultivars and breeding new cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific and intersubspecific crosses have been an important strategy for rice breeding programs to obtain useful characters by expanding genetic diversity. However, the wide cross routinely causes undesirable characters in rice, such as spikelet sterility and poor quality. In this study, we developed near-isogenic lines of R-gene (Xa4+xa5+Xa21+Pi40+Bph18) introgression population to investigate the genetic relationship between the occurrence of poor characters and R-genes induced by MAS. The ANOVA analysis revealed that Pi40, Bph18, and Xa4 were associated with spikelet fertility (SF), ratio of ripened grain (RRG), third internode length (TIL), panicle extraction (PE), and protein content (Pro), whereas others showed no association with the 14 traits tested. In the three-way ANOVA, the impact of two R-genes (Pi40 and Bph18) on the poor characters was independent, with no interaction with others. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified QTLs for PE and TIL traits near Pi40, and in particular, QTLs for five traits (SF, RRG, TIL, PE, and Pro) were negatively affected around Bph18. The occurrence of a poor character in R-gene pyramiding lines could be associated with linkage drag caused by the Bph18 gene. We speculate that the development of DNA markers that effectively eliminate poor characters will not only improve breeding efficiency using MAS, but will also help improve traits of japonica rice through wide crossing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is the most important staple food in Korea. Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in the rice-growing world and in Korea. Eighteen major blast resistance genes were screened in 33 leading Korean japonica varieties using 44 DNA markers. The 33 leading japonica varieties are cultivated in 659,642 ha (90.4%), and a variety of Samkwang is cultivated widely on a nation-wide scale. Four resistance genes, Pia, Pib, Pi19, and Pb1, were detected in 10-21 varieties, and the R-genes of Pii, Pish, Pita/Pita-2, Piz/Piz-t, Pi35, and Pi65(t), were present in 2-5 varieties. Five R-genes, Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21, and Pi40, were not detected in the Korean japonica rice varieties. A total of six varieties, two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, a medium flowering variety Gopum; and three early flowering varieties Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul; were resistant to blast nursery screening over 12 years. A variety of Gopum harbored alleles for Piz/Piz-t, and three early flowering varieties, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul, had extensive loci of the multiple-gene family Piz/Piz-t, Pi9, and Pi40 on chromosome 6. Two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, harbored the Pita-2 gene, and Gopum had Pita. In the japonica rice breeding program, an effective means for enhancing stable resistance to blast would be introduced to 2-3 R genes among resistance genes Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21 and Pi40 which were not identified in Korean japonica rice varieties, and resistance genes Pita/Pita-2, Piz-t/Piz-5, to 2-3 R genes among and Pi20 that showed stable resistance in monogenic IRBL lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jungdream’ is an early maturing, high-quality rice cultivar developed in 2017 by the crop breeding team at Crop Research Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea. ‘Jungdream’ was first developed in 2008 from crossing a medium-late maturity cultivar ‘Chilbo’ and an early maturity cultivar ‘Ungwang’. The heading date of this cultivar is July 28 th in the Gyeonggido Province. Its culm length is 63 cm, and it has 19 panicles per hill and 82 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-small grain brown rice cultivar with a 1000-grain weight of 20.6 g. Its cold tolerance is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’, which is the standard cultivar in the central region, as is its degree of lodging tolerance. ‘Jungdream’ is resistant to rice blast and stripe virus diseases but is susceptible to bacterial leaf blight and other viral diseases and pests. The appearance of milled ‘Jungdream’ rice is clear, and its amylose content is 16.5%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The palatability of cooked ‘Jungdream’ rice is better than that of ‘Chucheong’, which is the main cultivated crop in Gyeonggido. Its milling ratio is 75.0%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The yield of milled ‘Jungdream’ rice was 5.42 MT/ha in the local adaptability tests during standard cultivation in four regions from 2015 to 2017. ‘Jungdream’ is highly adaptable to the environmental conditions in the Gyeonggido Province (Registration No. 8236). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Alchanmi’, a japonica rice variety, was developed from a cross between ‘Junam’ and ‘Chilbo’ by a rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Icheon, Agricultural Technology Center in 2018. The heading date of ‘Alchanmi’ was August 10 in the middle plain area—two days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Alchanmi’ had a culm length of 69 cm, 16 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and 103 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Alchanmi’ was 24.4%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race), and stripe virus, but was susceptible to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited a translucent and medium short grain shape. The cooked rice grains of ‘Alchanmi’ had an excellent palatability index (0.7) and showed lower amylose content (18.6%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The grain milling characteristics of ‘Alchanmi’ were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (96.2%). ‘Alchanmi’ showed 5.83 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 6 sites under ordinary cultivation (Registration No. 8132). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The damage caused by typhoons to rice production has been increasing. To reduce this damage, wind-tolerant rice breeding programs have been conducted at the Yeongdeok substation (YS) of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS). This study was conducted to examine the effects of these wind-tolerant rice breeding programs. Under the wind-tolerance screening facility (WTSF), the wind-tolerance of 17 rice varieties bred at NICS (usual rice) and 20 rice varieties bred at YS (wind-tolerant rice) were analyzed by evaluating six traits: white spikelet (WS), white panicle (WP), degree of wind damage (DG), ratio of ripened grain (RRG) at control (RRG_C) and treatment (RRG_T), and reduction rate of RRG between control and treatment (RRG_R). Wind-tolerant rice showed more wind-tolerant characteristics than usual rice, such as lower WS, WP, DG, and RRG_R and higher RRG_T and RRG_C. In the principal component analysis, wind-tolerant rice showing a similar direction for RRG_T and RRG_C were located separately from the usual rice. The adaptability tests of wind-tolerant rice were conducted by evaluating eight yield-related traits in the wind-prone areas. Wind-tolerant rice was divided into three clusters by K-means clustering analysis using WP and RRG_T with the WTSF, RRG, and yield in the wind-prone areas. Among the three clusters, YC2 had the strongest wind tolerance performance, followed by YC3 showing moderate wind tolerance, and YC1 the weakest wind tolerance. ‘Sinbo’, a variety belonging to YC2, exhibited the strongest wind tolerance and high yield potential among all varieties. The wind-tolerant rice varieties bred at YS could be used practically to prevent wind damage and utilize breeding materials to enhance the wind tolerance of rice varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice variety ‘Youngjin’ is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to the rice stripe virus (RSV) and bacterial blight disease (BB). It was developed by the rice breeding team of the Department of Southern Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2016. This variety was derived from a three-way cross between ‘Iksan486’, ‘YR22722-B-B-B-25-1’, and ‘Chengmu,’ with good eating quality, in the summer of 2007. The pedigree of ‘Youngjin’ was YR27874Acp46-1, and was designated as ‘Miyang283’ in 2012. After local adaptability tests at five different locations from 2014 to 2016, it was released under the name ‘Youngjin’ in 2016. ‘Youngjin’ is a mid-late maturing ecotype with a short culm length of 67 cm. This variety was found to be resistant to the K1, K2, and K3 races of BB, and RSV, and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. The milled rice kernels of ‘Youngjin’ were translucent and clear, without white core and belly, and had good eating quality, according to a panel test. This variety showed a lower percentage of cracked kernels compared to other susceptible cultivars. The milled rice yield of ‘Youngjin’ was 568 kg/10a, under normal levels of fertilization, determined by the local adaptability tests. This cultivar is adaptable to the Yeongnam plain area (Registration No. 7653). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Sangbo’ is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety with high head rice grain ratio and good ripened grain color, as well as resistance to rice dwarf virus (RDV) and bacterial blight disease (BB). It was developed by the rice breeding team of the Yeongdeok Branch of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea, in 2015. This variety was derived in the 2002 summer season from a cross between ‘Yeongdeog32’, with high eating quality, and ‘Nampyeong’, with a high milling ratio. In 2012, a promising line, YR24256-142-5-3-1-1-2, selected by the pedigree breeding method, was designated the name, ‘Yeongdeog59’. After performing a local adaptability test at nine locations from 2013 to 2015, ‘Yeongdeog59’ was released with the name ‘Sangbo’ in 2015. ‘Sangbo’ has a culm length of 77 cm and a medium-late growth duration. This variety was resistant to K1, K2, and K3 races of bacterial blight, along with the dwarf virus, and was moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Based on the results of a panel test, ‘Sangbo’ has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality. The yield potential of ‘Sangbo’ in milled rice was approximately 6.21 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level of the local adaptability test (LAT). This cultivar would be adaptable to the middle plain, south plain, Yeongnam plain, east coastal area, and south mid-mountainous areas of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled large-scale cost-effective genotypic analyses, and consequently, obtaining reliable phenotypic data has now become a major bottleneck in data-driven plant breeding. In order to construct a phenotype database for commercial rice varieties released by the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, we initiated a systematic phenotype evaluation project, with the aim of investigating the major agronomic traits of Korean rice varieties released during the period between 1979 and 2017. Despite the narrow genetic background, we found that the days to heading (DTH) and culm length (CL) of the 297 Korean rice varieties assessed exhibited wide phenotypic variation under different environments. Under normal planting cultivation in 2018, the DTH ranged from 48 to 104 days in Suwon, 46 to 111 days in Wanju, and 39 to 97 days in Miryang, with CL values ranging from 59 to 134 cm, 55 to 122 cm, and 57 to 106 cm, respectively. During early planting cultivation in 2019, the DTH ranged from 56 to 113 days (Suwon), 58 to 109 days (Wanju), and 58 to 100 days (Miryang), with corresponding CL values ranging from 63 to 119 cm, 55 to 93 cm, and 51 to 115 cm. Despite the difference of one month in planting dates in 2018 and 2019, DTH in the different years and regions showed highly significant positive correlations (r=0.90-0.98), whereas CL showed positive but weaker correlations (r=0.45-0.82). Furthermore, we detected a weak, although significant, correlation between DTH and CL in each environment (r=-0.18-0.35). Analyses of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) were conducted for DTH and CL to identify rice varieties with stable phenotypes under different environments. We anticipate that the findings of this study will provide a useful rice phenotype database to facilitate genotype-phenotype association studies and data-driven rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice research in Korea during the past 100 years has gone through tremendous changes and improvements as the country underwent a turbulent history of transformation. Full-scale R&D modernization began in the 1970s, when the government focused policy on achieving self-sufficiency in rice in order to establish the foundation for national economic growth. A major landmark was reached by the development of the rice variety “Tongil” and its cultivation technology, which was at the core of the unprecedented Korean “Green Revolution”. Since achieving self-sufficiency in rice, the breeding goal of Korea moved from increasing yield to improving grain quality as more consumers began to seek high quality food products in the 1980s. This change led to the establishment of the high quality rice breeding platform for enhancing the global competitiveness of Korean rice to cope with the opening of domestic rice market in the 2000s. Currently, the major breeding goals in rice are developing premium quality cultivars for table rice and specialized cultivars for boosting processed food industry. To date, the National Institute of Crop Science has released a total of 300 rice cultivars, including 202 table rice and 98 specialized usage cultivars. Diverse technologies have been developed and utilized for breeding new rice cultivars to meet changing needs. In the next 100 years of rice breeding, the convergence of traditional crop improvement technologies and the new breeding technologies utilizing recent advances in biotechnology will play a crucial role in enhancing breeding efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jungmo1022’, a japonica rice cultivar, was developed by a cross between ‘Jinbu31’ (IT212616) and ‘Gyodong23’ (IT213764) by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Korea, in 2000. ‘Jinbu31’ is tolerant to cold, and ‘Gyodong23’ is early maturing with high yield potential. The growth period of ‘Jungmo1022’ in paddy fields was 116 days on the North-middle highland in Korea, shorter than that of ‘Jinbu’. The culm length of ‘Jungmo1022’ was 67 cm, which was 2 cm shorter than that of ‘Jinbu’. There were 91 spikelets per panicle in ‘Jungmo1022’. The elite line was developed by shuttle breeding in a cold screening field at Chuncheon and highland Jinbu sites in order to screen for cold tolerant varieties. Forty-five lines with more than 50% fertility were selected from the F2 generation in the cold screening field, and the line SR28990-B-2-2-2 was selected by the pedigree breeding method through F3-F7 generations cultivated on the North-middle highland in Jinbu. During the yield trial conducted in 2008-2009 yield trial, an early heading, high-yielding, and cold tolerant line ‘Jinbu 48’ was selected for the local adaptability tests conducted from 2010 to 2012. The early maturing and cold-tolerant ‘Jinbu 48’ was superior to ‘Jinbu’ in exhibiting shorter heading delay, reduced culm length, and spikelet fertility under cold temperature. The new line showed a milled rice productivity of 5.69 MT/ha at Jinbu sites under North-middle highland cultivation and was registered as a new cultivar ‘Jungmo1022’ (Registration No. 5563). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Bakanae disease is an important fungal disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. Incidence of rice bakanae disease creates serious problems in the foremost rice producing countries, affecting more or less all known rice cultivars. Breeding rice cultivars resistant to bakanae disease will thus be a cost-effective alternative to the application of fungicides. ‘MY299BK’ was derived from a cross between YR24982-9-1 and ‘Ilpum’ in 2008. A promising line, YR28297-1-38-1-1, was selected from among the progeny and designated ‘Milyang299’ in 2013. The local adaptability test of ‘Milyang299’ was carried out at five locations from 2014 to 2016 and named ‘MY299BK’. The heading date of ‘MY299BK’ was Aug. 15, typical for a medium-late maturing cultivar. Its culm was 71 cm long, there were 114 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice was 23.4 g; these parameters were similar to those of ‘Nampyeong’. ‘MY299BK’ cultivar was resistant to blast and rice stripe virus, but susceptible to bacterial blight and insect pests. Its yield potential was about 566 kg/10 a at ordinary fertilizer level in a three-year-long local adaptability test. ‘MY299BK’ resistance to bakanae is conferred by the qBK1 gene derived from a tong-il type rice ‘Shingwang’ (Registration No. 7651). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice cultivar ‘Misiru’, which is ideal for rice flour production by dry milling, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea, in 2017 to vitalize the rice processing industry. It is derived from a cross between ‘Daeripbyeo1’ and ‘Seolgaeng’. ‘Misiru’ was grown on a middle plain area by ordinary cultivation methods. The heading date was on August 13, culm length was 85 cm, and there were 12 panicles and 112 spikelets per panicle. The ripened g rain ratio was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’; however, the 1,000 brown rice weight was 30.8 g, about 8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ showed medium resistance to blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses, and insect pests. It was resistant to lodging, whereas pre-harvest sprouting rate and cold tolerance were similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice appeared non-glutinous opaque, with opaque grain rate of 83.7%. The rice grain was soft and starch granules in the endosperm were of spherical type, similar to wheat. The grain contained 6.4% protein and 18.6% amylose (the content of the latter was similar to that in ‘Hwaseong’). However, its milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The average size of dry-milling rice flour was 64.4 μm, and the rate of damaged starch was 5.2%, lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ milled rice yield was 5.66 MT/ha, 8% higher than the yield potential of ‘Hwaseong’. The cultivar ‘Misiru’ is thus suitable for rice flour production by dry milling (Grant No. 7682). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limitation of genetic diversity in japonica rice breeding populations is often identified as a potential obstacle for the development of high yielding cultivars. The use of diverse germplasm in rice breeding has been suggested as one way of combating this problem. This study was conducted to improve the genetic diversity for rice, by developing an advanced backcross population derived from a backcross ‘Junam’ as recurrent parent and ‘IR72’ as a donor parent. Among them, we selected a promising line ‘YR24438-B-B-B-B-132’ containing bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4. Testing in the replicated yield trial in 2009, the ‘YR24438-B-B-B-B-132’ line was selected, and it was designated as ‘Milyang298’. The local adaptability test of ‘Milyang298’ was carried out at three locations from 2014 to 2016 and it was named ‘MY298BB’. The average culm length in the replicated yield trials was 87 cm, which is 15 cm taller than recurrent parent ‘Junam’. Number of spikelets per panicle was significantly lower than in ‘Junam’ but the number of tillers per hill was higher. This variety is resistant to bacterial blight race K1, K2, K3, and K3a.However ‘MY298BB’ showed early leaf senescence at the mature stage and the chlorophyll content of ‘MY298BB’ was significantly lower than that of the recurrent parent ‘Junam’. Moreover the grain filling ratio and yield were significantly lower in ‘MY298BB’ than those of recurrent parent ‘Junam’. Therefore, understanding the leaf senescence mechanism would be useful for improving yield potential in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Haedamssal’ is an early maturing and rice stripe virus disease-resistant cultivar adaptable for early-transplanting cultivation that was developed by the rice breeding team of the Department of Southern Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2014. This cultivar was derived from the cross YR25869 (YR21247-B-B-B-49-1/Sasanishiki BL4//Koshihikari) and YR25868 (Unkwang//YR21247-B-B-B-49-1/Sasanishiki BL4) made in the 2005/2006 winter season and was advanced to the F5 generation by a bulk breeding method using rapid generation advance. To incorporate rice stripe virus resistance, marker-assisted selection on the RSV gene was conducted in 3-way and 6-way cross F1 generation using the tightly linked marker RM6897. From testing in the replicated yield trial in 2011, a promising line YR26258-B-B-B-33-3 was selected and it was designated as ‘Milyang276’. A local adaptability test of ‘Milyang276’ was performed at three locations from 2012 to 2014 and it was named as ‘Haedamssal’, which was a good eating quality variety. The culm length was 67 cm in yield trials, which was 4 cm shorter than ‘Jopyeong’. The number of spikelets per panicle was lower than ‘Jopyeong’, whereas the number of tillers per hill was higher. This variety was resistant to RSV disease, bacterial blight, and leaf blast disease. The milled rice yield of ‘Haedamssal’ was 5.48 MT per ha at the early transplanting in the local adaptability test. ‘Haedamssal’ is well adapted to early transplanting cultivation in the southern plain area (Registration No. 6811). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Gawagi1’ is an early maturing, low amylose rice variety with a medium to short culm, developed by Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, Korea in 2016. ‘Gawagi1’ was derived from the cross between ‘Baegjinju’ and ‘Sangmibyeo’ in 2004. Heading date was 4th of August 15 day earlier than ‘Baegjinju’ in Gyeonggido. The culm length was 67 cm. It had 15 panicles per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-grain variety whose 1,000 grains weight of brown rice is 19.3 g. The protein content of milled rice was 6.3%, which is higher than that of ‘Baegjinju’ and its amylose content was 8.2% which is lower than that of ‘Baegjinju’. Its milling ratio is 75.5%, which is higher than that of ‘Baegjinju’. The yield of milled rice was 4.99 MT/ha under the standard cultivation practices at the local adaptability tests in 3 regions from 2014 to 2016. ‘Gawagi1’ is highly adaptable to Gyeonggido, especially to the northern region of Han River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A statistical analysis of 9,771 non-glutinous rice in breeding line germplasm collected from Korea (2,836), China (2,136), Japan (1,219), and the Philippines (1,213) was conducted using normal distribution, variability index value (VIV), analysis of variation (ANOVA) and Ducan’s multiple range test (DMRT) based on the data obtained from NIRS analysis. According to the normal distribution, the average protein content was 7.9%, and non-glutinous rice ranging over 10% amylose had 23.6% average content. Most resources were between 5.3 and 10.5% in protein content, and 15.7 and 31.5% in amylose content. The VIV was 0.54 for protein, and 0.83 for amylose. The average amylose content was 25.18%, 24.54%, 22.08%, and 21.47% in Filipino, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese resources, respectively, wheereas the average protein content was found to be 8.19%, 7.79%, 7.58%, and 7.42% in Filipino, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese resources, respectively. The ANOVA of amylose and protein content showed significant differences at the level of 0.01. The F-test value was 412.2 for amylose content, and 108.4 for protein when compared with the critical value of 3.78. The DMRT of amylose and protein content showed significant differences (p<0.01) among resources from different countries. The Filipino resources had the highest level of amylose and protein content, whereas; the lowest level of amylose and protein content were found in Japanese when compared with resources of other origins. These results are recommended as helpful materials in the field of breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jinhan’, a japonica rice variety, was developed from a cross between ‘Cheolwon68’ (IT218244) and ‘Junghwabyeo’ (IT260473) by the rice breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science in 2015. ‘Cheolwon68’ is early maturing and resistant to blast disease, and ‘Junghwabyeo’ is a cold-tolerant and high-quality variety. The growth duration of ‘Jinhan’ in the paddy field was 116 days in the Northern Central Highland in Korea, which was similar to that of ‘Jinbu’. The culm length of ‘Jinhan’ was 61 cm, which was 10 cm shorter than that of ‘Jinbu’. The panicle of ‘Jinhan’ was composed of 66 spikelets. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Jinhan’ was 33.2%. ‘Jinhan’ showed resistance to blast disease, but was susceptible to stripe virus, dwarf and black-streaked dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice grains of ‘Jinhan’ showed an excellent palatability index (0.23) and lower protein content (5.7%) than that of ‘Jinbu’. The grain milling characteristics of ‘Jinhan’ were similar to those of ‘Jinbu’. ‘Jinhan’ showed a milled rice productivity of 5.43 MT/ha at four sites cultivated in the Northern Central Highland (Registration No. 7318). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the major constraints in rice production which is transmitted by the small brown plant hopper, Laodelphax striatellus. Identifying new resistance genes from diverse sources is important for rice breeding programs to enhance the resistance level and/or to overcome the breakdown of resistance genes. This study was conducted to identify novel sources of resistance against RSV. We used five RSV resistant varieties that do not harbor Stv-bi . The presence of known genes for RSV resistance was identified using the InDel7 marker for Stv-bi , two Indel (Sid primer set) markers for Stv-b, and DNA sequence analysis for OsSOT1. We revealed that two varieties, 02428 (IT236925) and Tung Ting Wan Hien 1, are novel RSV resistance sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Yeongbo’ is a variety of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, resistance to rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and bacterial blight disease. It was developed by the rice breeding team of the Yeongdeok Branch, National Institute Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2014. This variety was derived from a cross between ‘Yeongdeog35’ with good eating quality and ‘Saekyehwa’ with good plant type in the 2002 summer season. A promising line selected through the pedigree breeding method, YR24269-1-2-1-2-3-3, was designated as ‘Yeongdeog57’ in 2011. After a local adaptability test at nine locations from 2012 to 2014, ‘Yeongdeog57’ was released under the name of ‘Yeongbo’ in 2014. ‘Yeongbo’ had a short culm length of 66 cm and medium growth duration. This variety was resistant to K1, K2, and K3 races of bacterial blight, rice stripe virus, and dwarf virus, and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. ‘Yeongbo’ had translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly, and good eating quality according to a panel test. The yield potential of ‘Yeongbo’ in milled rice was approximately 5.75 MT/ha at an ordinary fertilizer level in the local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain area, south plain area, Yeongnam plain area, east costal area, and south mid-mountainous area. (Registration No.6804) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea (anamorphic: Pyricularia oryzae) is an important disease in rice and development of resistant varieties to blast is one of the most important goals in rice breeding programs. A japonica rice variety, Palgong, has shown resistance to the Korean blast pathogen since it was developed in 1996. Nine blast resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Palgong alleles were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, and 11. Four QTLs of qBn2.3, qBn4.2, qBn11.1, and qBn11.2 explained 28–56.7% of total phenotypic variation, while five QTLs of qBn2.2, qBn2.4, qBn4.1, qBn7.1, and qBn7.2 explained 9.7–18.8%. In a previous study, one to four resistance genes were located on the loci qBn2.2, qBn2.3, qBn4.2, qBn11.1, and qBn11.2, however, resistance genes were not located on the loci qBn2.4, qBn4.1, and qBn7.1. A major QTL, qBn11.2, explaining 56.7% of total phenotypic variation was related to the durable resistance of Palgong. Additionally, rice stripe virus resistance of Palgong was assumed to be based on the Stvb-i gene, which is located on a major QTL qBn11.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Yechan’ is a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with lodging tolerance and multiple disease resistance. It was a derived from a cross between ‘Hopum’ and ‘Iksan537’ (cultivar name ‘Haepum’). ‘Hopum’ is a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with strong lodging tolerance and ‘Haepum’ is a high grain quality medium maturing rice cultivar with multiple disease resistance. To shorten the breeding period, another culture method was applied to the F1 plants. ‘Yechan’ was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests, with a high selection pressure for grain quality, lodging, and disease resistance. The heading date of ‘Yechan’ was August 14, one day later than that of ‘Nampyeong’. ‘Yechan’ is a cultivar tolerant to lodging and it has short culms. It has multiple disease resistance against rice blast, rice stripe virus, and bacterial blight, including the K3a race, the most virulent race in Korea. The yield of ‘Yechan’ was similar to that of ‘Nampyeong’. ‘Yechan’ showed excellent grain appearance, superior taste when cooked, and enhanced milling performance; thus, we concluded that it could contribute to the improvement of Korean japonica rice cultivar quality. ‘Yechan’, a high grain quality mid-late maturing rice cultivar with lodging tolerance and multiple disease resistance, would be suitable for cultivation in the southern plain area in Korea and has been utilized in the breeding programs aimed at enhancing the grain quality and stability for the cultivation of Korean japonica rice (Registration No. 7647). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oryza sativa ‘Sinbo’ is a cultivar of japonica rice with good eating quality as well as resistance to rice dwarf virus (RDV) and bacterial blight disease (BB). It was developed in 2013 by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeok Branch, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea. This cultivar was derived from a cross between ‘Yeongdeog34‘, a cultivar with good eating quality, and ‘Saekyehwa’, a cultivar of a good plant type, in summer of 2002. A promising line (YR24264-25-3-2) selected using the pedigree breeding method was designated as ‘Yeongdeog55’ in 2010. After carrying out the local adaptability test at nine locations from 2011 to 2013, ‘Yeongdeog55’ was published under the name of ‘Sinbo’ in 2013. ‘Sinbo’ is a medium-late maturing cultivar with a short culm length of 70 cm. This cultivar is resistant to K1, K2, and K3 races of bacterial blight as well as to dwarf virus, and it is moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. The results of the panel test indicated that ‘Sinbo’ has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice as well as good eating quality. The yield potential of ‘Sinbo’ was approximately 5.67 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level in the local adaptability test (LAT). This cultivar could be adaptable to the middle plain, south plain, Yeongnam plain, east costal area, and south mid-mountainous area of South Korea. (Registration No. 5643) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Chamdream’ is a medium-late maturing, high-quality rice cultivar developed in 2014 by the crop breeding team of Crop Research Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea, in cooperation with the rice breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea. ‘Chamdream’ was first developed in 2004 from a backcross between the F1 hybrid ‘Samgwang/Jojeongdo’ and ‘Samgwang’ cultivar. The heading date of this cultivar is August 17 th in Gyeonggido Province. Its culm length is 79 cm and it has 15 panicles per hill and 115 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-grain brown rice cultivar with a weight of 22.9 g per 1,000 grains. Its cold tolerance is lower than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ and its degree of lodging tolerance is similar to that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. This cultivar is resistant to bacterial leaf blight and stripe virus diseases and moderately resistant to rice blast diseases, but it is susceptible to other virus diseases and pests. The appearance of milled ‘Chamdream’ rice is clear and its protein content is 5.4%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The palatability of cooked ‘Chamdream’ rice is better than that of ‘Chucheongbyeo’ which is mainly cultivated in Gyeonggido. Its milling ratio is 76.8% which is higher than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The yield of milled ‘Chamdream’ rice was 5.9 MT/ha in the local adaptability tests in standard cultivation in four regions from 2012 to 2014. ‘Chamdream’ is highly adaptable to the environmental conditions of Gyeonggido Province, especially to the southern region of Han River. (Registration No. 6065) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ‘Hangaru’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Seolgaeng’, which is suitable for making rice wine, and ‘Daeripbyeo1’, which has a heavy grain weight (34.8g) and is suitable for deep fried rice, by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The heading date of ‘Hangaru’ was August 18 and was 10 days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’, in Suwon. It had a culm length of 79 cm and 102 spikelets per panicle, and showed similar tolerance to ‘Hwaseong’ when exposed to cold stress. ‘Hangaru’ showed medium resistance to blast disease, but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses and brown planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited an opaque and non-glutinous endosperm. The 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 32.9 g, which was 10.8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’; the protein content was 7.0% and the amylose content (19.2%) was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. However, opaque grain percentage of milled rice was 88.1%. The hardness of the rice grain was soft and the starch granule shape in the endosperm was round, similar to wheat. The average size of rice flour was 71.0 μm and the damaged starch rate was 6.4%. These results showed that this variety could be suitable for dry milling rice flour production. ‘Hangaru’ had a yield of 5.42 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 99% of that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Hangaru’ was adaptable to the middle plain area and Mid-west coast of Korea (Registration No. 7270). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Asemi1' is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘IR71667’, which has a Jinmibyeo background with a long basic vegetative phase, and ‘IR77863’, which has a Shinunbongbyeo background with a high yield and early maturity, by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA, in 2014. The heading date of ‘Asemi1’ is July 29, 14 days earlier than that of the check variety ‘Hwaseong’. It has a culm length of 84 cm and 110 spikelets per panicle. ‘Asemi1’ is resistant to blast disease, but susceptible to other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and a short grain shape. The protein content (7.3%) was higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and the amylose content (19.6%) was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice recovery rate of ‘Asemi1’ was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. However, the head rice rate of ‘Asemi1’ was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice yield of ‘Asemi1’ was 5.92 MT/ha, which was higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’ in ordinary cultivation. ‘Asemi1’ was suitable for adaptation to a wide region of tropical Asia (Registration No. 6809). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jungmo1033’, a japonica rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 1992. It is derived from a cross between a native variety ‘Jagwangdo’, which has translucent milled rice and medium maturity; and ‘Hwayeong’, which is an elite line with bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturity. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1033’ was August 10 in the middle plain area of Korea, which was two days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1033’ has a culm length of 79 cm, which was 5 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and 105 spikelets per panicle. ‘Jungmo1033’ showed resistance to bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 races) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black-streaked dwarf viruses, and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited translucency and a medium short grain shape. It had an excellent appearance and lower amylose content (19.1%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.8%). ‘Jungmo1033’ showed a milled rice productivity of 5.38 MT/ha at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation conditions. (Registration No. 5723) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jinkwang’, a japonica rice variety, was developed by a cross between ‘Hopum’ (IT23527) and the F1 hybrid of ‘Unkwang’ (IT217814) and ‘Koshihikari’ (IT157335) by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2016. ‘Unkwang’ shows an early maturity and high yield and ‘Koshihikari’ is a high-quality variety. The growth duration of ‘Jinkwang’ in the paddy field was 114 days in the middle plain region in Korea, which was six days later than that of ‘Jopyeong’. The culm length of ‘Jinkwang’ was 62 cm, which was 13 cm shorter than that of ‘Jopyeong’. The panicle of ‘Jinkwang’ was composed of 100 spikelets. The viviparous germination rate of ‘Jinkwang’ was 28.3%. ‘Jinkwang’ showed resistance to blast and bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 races); however, it was susceptible to stripe virus, dwarf and black-streaked dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice grains of ‘Jinkwang’ showed an excellent palatability index (0.42) and lower protein content (6.2%) than that of ‘Jopyeong’. The grain milling characteristics were better than those of ‘Jopyeong’, especially in terms of brown/rough rice ratio and milled/rough rice ratio (75.9%). ‘Jinkwang’ showed a milled rice productivity of 5.91 MT/ha at eight sites under ordinary cultivation conditions. (Registration No. 7318). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Hyowon 3’, a medium-maturing glutinous rice variety was developed by the rice breeding team of Pusan National University in 2013. This cultivar was developed from a cross between ‘Hongna’ which is a landrace from the Korean peninsula showing good glutinous properties, and ‘Junam’, which has stable productivity. During the F3 –F8 generations, breeding lines were selected using a pedigree breeding method. As a result, the promising line (JS24-6-95-11-5-2-1-1-1-B) with good glutinous properties was advanced and designated as ‘SP 107’. This variety headed on Aug. 16, which is 3 days later than ‘Dongjinchal’ in the middle plane. The average culm length and panicle length of this variety were 80.7 cm and 20.1 cm, respectively. This variety yielded approximately 14.1 tillers per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. The ratio of ripened grain was about 93.0%, and the 1,000-grain weight was 19.30 g in brown rice. The yield performance was 492 kg/10a in a local adaptability test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Matdream’ was derived from a cross between ‘Yeongdeok34(Pungmi)’ and ‘Ilpumbyeo’ in 2001. This variety had a heading date of August 8 in Gyeonggido. It had a semi-elect plant type and resistance to lodging with strong culm. Its culm length was 78 cm. This variety had 12 tillers per hill and 122 spikelets per panicle. It was a medium grain variety, and the 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 22.2 g. Its cold tolerance was stronger than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. This variety had wind tolerance. It was moderately resistant to rice blast diseases and had stripe virus resistance, but was susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, other virus diseases, and insect pests. Its appearance of milled rice was clear and its milled rice had lower amylose and protein contents than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. Its palatability of cooked rice was better than that of ‘Chucheongbyeo’, which was harvested in Suwon. Its head-rice percentage after milling was 74.4%, which was higher than that of ‘Hwaseongbyeo’. The yield of milled rice was 5.17 MT/ha under the ordinary culture of the local adaptability test in four areas of Gyeonggido for three years. Under early transplanting cultivation, its yield of milled rice in 2011 was 5.69 MT/ha in the central plain area, Suwon. ‘Matdream’ was highly adaptable to the Gyeonggido area, especially to the northern region of Han River (품종보호번호: 제5087호). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although genetically modified (GM) crops have never been cultivated commercially in Korea, it is necessary for a thorough assessment of the risks associated with their environmental release. We determined the frequency of pollen mediated gene flow from disease resistant GM rice (OsCK1) to non-GM rice (Nagdongbyeo) and weedy rice (R55). A total of 449,711 or 164,604 seeds were collected from non-GM and weedy rice, respectively which were planted around OsCK1. Resistance of the hybrids was determined by repeated spraying of herbicide and DNA analysis using specific primer to confirm hybrids. Though non-GM rice and weedy rice have similar flowering time, the hybrids were found only in non-GM rice and out-crossing ranged from 0.018% at 0.3 m to 0.013% at 0.6 m. All of hybrids were located within 0.6 m distance from the GM rice plot in southerly direction. The meteorological factors including temperature and relative humidity during flowering time were found to be the most important factors for determining rice out-crossing. It should be considered many factors like the local weather condition and flowering time to set up the safety management policy to prevent pollen mediated gene flow between GM and conventional crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jinsang' is a new japonica rice variety was derived from a cross between ‘Yumetsukushi' as a high grain quality and ‘Milky queen' with low amylose content and good eating quality in 2000, and selected by pedigree breeding method until M8 generation. As a result, a promising line, JCH33M-15-1-9-1-5-1-1-1, was advanced and designated as the name of ‘HJ-2' in 2009. This variety has about 111 days to heading after sowing and has 75.2 cm culm height. Milled rice of that shows dull and medium short grain and 1,000-grain weight was about 20.9 g. It has low amylose content of 11.9% and lower protein content of 6.8%. The yield potential of ‘Jinsang' in brown rice was about 4.57 MT/ha by ordinary culture in replicated yield trial test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rice variety ‘Daebo’ is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and blight bacterial disease (BB). It is developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute Crop Science, RDA in 2011. This variety derived from a cross between ‘YR21247-68-1' with good plant type and ‘Yeongdeog35' with good eating quality conducted in 2002 summer season. A promising line, YR23940-B-17-1-2, selected by bulk and pedigree breeding method was designated as the name of ‘Yeongdeog51' in 2008. After the local adaptability test was carried out at seven locations from 2009 to 2011, ‘Yeongdeog51' was released as the name of ‘Daebo’ in 2011. ‘Daebo’ is short culm length as 63 cm and medium-growth duration. This variety is resistant to races, K1, K2, and K3 of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease resistance. ‘Daebo’ has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of ‘Daebo’ in milled rice is about 5.93 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain, south plain, mid-west costal area, and south mid-mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to analyze the starch characteristics of three rice cultivars, Goami 2, Goami 3 and Goami 4 with high amylose content and resistant starch. These rice varieties were developed by mutation breeding based on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment in a japonica variety, Ilpum. Resistant starch contents of three high amylose mutant rice varieties and Ilpum were 11.87～13.69% and 0.36%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns of starches of three varieties, Goami 2, Goami 3 and Goami 4 displayed B-type pattern. The proportion of amylopectin short chains of 6 to 12 in DP of the high amylose mutant rice varieties was significantly lower than that of Ilpum. Resistant starch contents had positive correlation with the amylose content, total dietary fiber content, medium length chains of 13 to 24, long chains of ≥ 25 in DP of amylopectin, pasting temperature and setback viscosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ‘Jungsaenggold' is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 which has translucent milled rice and good milling properties and F1 of Yumetsukushi and Saesangju that the varieties have a good canopy architecture, cold tolerance and early maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2011. The heading date of this variety is August 8 and four days earlier than check variety, ‘Hwaseong'. ‘Jungsaenggold' has 78 cm of culm length and 113 spikelets per panicle. This variety showed similar cold tolerance to ‘Hwaseong' while exposed to cold stress. This variety showed resistance to blast disease and stripe virus, but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. ‘Jungsaenggold' has better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong' because of lower protein content (6.2%) and amylose content (17.2%) than that of ‘Hwaseong'. The whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of Hwaseong and milled rice recovery rate of ‘Jungsaenggold' is similar to those of Hwaseong. ‘Jungsaenggold' has 5.05 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation and 5.51 MT/ha in early cultivation. ‘Jungsaenggold' could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ‘Cheongbaekchal', a glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2010. It was derived from a cross between SR20261-5-4-10 and ‘Jinbuchal' which is an extremely early maturing variety with northern alpine area adaptability. The heading date of ‘Cheongbaekchal' is July 27 that is 4 days earlier than that of ‘Odae’. This cultivar has 68 cm of culm length, 14 tillers per hill and 80 spikelets per panicle that is more than that of ‘Odae’. This variety showed similar cold tolerance to ‘Odae’ while exposed to cold stress. This variety showed resistance to blast disease but susceptible to bacterial blight, stripe virus and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits opaque and glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. This variety has lower Alkali digestive value (5.5) than that of ‘Odae’. The dehulling recovery rate of ‘Cheongbaekchal' is lower than those of ‘Odae’. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Cheongbaekchal' was 5.35 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Cheongbaekchal' is adaptable to northern plain and mid-mountainous, southern alpine and north-eastern coastal area of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Sodami' is a new high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross between ‘Iksan469' and ‘Unbong31' by the rice breeding team of Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice & Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA. This variety is suitable for low level nitrogen fertilizer (LNF, 6kg/10 a) cultivation at ordinary season. The heading date of ‘Sodami' was August 16th, the same that of ‘Nampyeong' at ordinary season cultivation. Culm length of ‘Sodami' was about 81 cm and this variety had 12 tillers per hill and 134 spikelets per panicle. Ripened grain rate of this variety was approximately 86.8%. The spikelet fertility of ‘Sodami' was similar to that of ‘Sobi' and higher than that of ‘Nampyeong' by 26% when exposed to cold stress. ‘Sodami' is resistant to bacterial blight and rice stripe virus but susceptible to blast disease and planthoppers. The milled rice of ‘Sodami' exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein content than that of ‘Nampyeong' and ‘Sobi'. The milled rice yield of this variety was slightly higher than that of ‘Sobi' by 3% as about 5.2 MT/ha in LNF cultivation at ordinary season but it was not significantly different and much higher by 9% as about 6.0 MT/ha than that of ‘Nampyeong' in ordinary season cultivation in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Sodami' could be adaptable to plain areas of south of Chungcheongnamdo and southwest coastal district of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Mogyang', a new high biomass yield and whole crop silage rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, is developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, R.D.A., Suwon, Korea, during the period from was to 2010 and released in 2011. It was derived from a cross between SR24592-HB2319/IR73165-B-6-1-1. This cultivar has about 118 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and has long and erect leaves (culm length 93 cm). It has tough thick culm with strong lodging tolerance. This cultivar has a few less tillers per hill and markedly more spikelet numbers per panicle. ‘Mogyang' has wide and stay green leaf compared other whole crop silage varieties. This new variety has grain shattering resistance and disease resistance for blast and dwarf virus. This variety has good qualities for whole crop silage with high TDN (Total Digestive Nutrient) yield and low NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and low ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) compared to common high grain yield varieties. The biomass and TDN yield performance of ‘Mogyang' was 59.5% (chemical properties), 17.7 MT/ha (biomass yield), individually in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Mogyang' is adaptable to central plain area, southern plain area of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Suan' is a new high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross between HR20017-B-19-3-1 and Iksan467 in 2003 by the rice breeding team of Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice & Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. in 2010. ‘Suan' has about 132 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. The heading date of ‘Suan' is August 10, faster than that of ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ by 6 days at ordinary season cultivation. Culm length of ‘Suan' is about 79 cm and tiller number per hill is similar to ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and spikelet number per panicle is fewer than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. Ripened grain rate of this variety is approximately 94.6 %, higher than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ and ‘Suan' showed higher spikelet fertility than ‘Nampyeongbyeo’ by 12 % when exposed to cold stress. ‘Suan' has medium size of brown rice and is resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight and stripe virus disease but susceptible to insect pests. The milled kernel of ‘Suan' is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein content of ‘Suan' is about 6.5%, amylose content and palatability of cooked rice is similar to ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. The milled rice yield is about 5.47 MT/ha, 9% higher under wet-direct seeding, 5.56 MT/ha, 9% higher under dry-direct seeding than ‘Juanbyeo’ and 5.80 MT/ha, 4% higher under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation when compared with ‘Nampyeongbyeo’. ‘Suan' would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the plain areas of south of Chungnam and southwest coastal district of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Cheongpungheukchal', a new blackish pigmented glutinous rice variety , was developed by the rice breeding team of Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2009. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Shindongjin' as grain quality source and 'Heugseonchal' as black glutinous and aromatic source. The donor parent, 'Sindongjin', had been backcrossed one time with recurrent parent 'Heugseonchal' and selected by the pedigree breeding method until F6 generation. As a result, a promising line, CBR12-9-3-1, was advanced and designated as the name of 'CBR12 L8' in 2006. The cultivar headed on August 23 in the test of local adaptability and had 65 cm culm length. This cultivar had about 16 tillers per hill and 108 spikelets numbers per panicle. Ripended grain ratio was about 78.5% and 1,000 grain weight was 23.5 g in brown rice. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast but susceptible to other disease and insect pests. It has higher anthocyanin content compared to blackish pigmented check cultivar 'Heugseonchal'. The yield performance of brown rice was 5.80 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Cheongpungheukchal' is adaptable to middle plain and southern mid-mountainous area under ordinary cropping system in Korea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Boramchan' is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from a cross HR21124 and Gyehwa24. This variety has about 121 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 74 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, and Rice stripe virus, but susceptible to other diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Boramchan' has high Quality, short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 7.33 T/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Boramchan' would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rice variety 'Dongbo' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and blight bacterial disease (BB). It is developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute Crop Science, RDA in 2010. This variety derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog19' with good grain quality and wind tolerance and 'Koshihikari' with good eating quality conducted in 1996 summer. A promising line, YR18320-21-1-1-2-2-2, selected by pedigree breeding method was designated as the name of 'Yeongdeog49' in 2007. After the local adaptability test was carried out at nine locations from 2008 to 2010, 'Yeongdeog49' was released as the name of 'Dongbo' in 2010. 'Dongbo' is short culm length as 71cm and medium-growth duration. This variety is resistant to races, K1, K2, and K3 of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold and dried wind. 'Dongbo' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Dongbo' in milled rice is about 5.71 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain, mid-west costal area, and south mid-mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Keunnunjami', a new blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar with giant embryo, is a mid-maturing ecotype developed by rice breeding team at Korea National Open University. This variety was derived from a three-way cross between 'Heugjinjubyeo' / 'Suweon 425' // 'EM76' in 2002 and selected by pedigree breeding method until F7 generation. Heading date of this variety is August 13 and 17 days later than that of 'Heugjinjubyeo' in middle plain areas. 'Keunnunjami' has 87.1 cm of culm height and 114 spikelets per panicle. Grain weight of 1,000-brown rice of this variety is lighter than of 'Heugjinjubyeo'. However embryo weight is 2.82 times heavier than that of 'Heugjinjubyeo' on the single grain basis. C3G (Cyanidin 3-glucoside) content of 'Keunnunjami' is 2 times higher than that of 'Heugjinjubyeo'. The brown rice yield of 'Keunnunjami' was about 4.10 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, concerns have been voiced about the potentially serious effects on agriculture by the global temperature change and global warming that causes the decreasing yield and grain quality. To cope with this situation, the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009 released a new rice cultivar 'Yeonghojinmi' which is resistant to bacterial blight, and rice stripe virus. The anther culture method was employed for the development of this cultivar which is derived from a cross between 'Hitomebore' and 'Junambyeo'. Heading date of 'Yeonghojinmi' is August 21st as mid-late maturing ecotype. In the major agronomic characteristics of 'Yeonghojinmi', number of spikelet/panicle was slightly low while 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was heavy as 22.2 g compared with that of 'Nampyeongbyeo'. The grain appearance was cleared, and palatability and other items were better than those of 'Nampyeongbyeo' in panel test of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of 'Yeonghojinmi' is 5.44 MT/ha, 4.40 MT/ha and 5.04 MT/ha at the ordinary transplanting, double-crop system, and late transplanting of the local adaptability test, respectively. Thus, 'Yeonghojinmi' would be a suitable cultivar to the southern plain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Baegjinju' is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from 'llpumbyeo' mutation lines as N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment on fertilized egg cell by the rice breeding team of National Crop Experiment Station, R.D.A in 2001. This variety has about 136 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in central plain area of Korea. It has a good semi-elect plant type and resistance to lodging with strong culm. The number of panicles/hill of 'Baegjmju' is a more than that of 'Hwascongbyco', and milled rice of that shows dull and medium short grain. It has very low amylose content (9.1%) and similar gelatinization temperature and good palatability of cooked brown and milled rice compared with 'Hwaseongbyeo' This rice variety has slow leaf senescence and considerably tolerance to viviparous germination during the ripening stage. 'Bacgjinju' is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pest. The yield performance of this cultivar in milled rice is about 5.18 MT/ha by ordinary season culture in local adaptability test for three years from 1999 to 2001. 'Baegjinju' is highly adaptable to central and southern plain areas of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]