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"Hyedang", a new covered cultivar derived from the crosses between "Suwon300" and "Haganemugi//CI08397/Haganemugi" developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2007. The origin of "Hyedang" is "Iksan 407" (SB951033-B-B-B-72). The initial cross was made in 1995 and the selected line showed a high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2004. "Iksan407" consistently performed well for three years (2005-2007) from the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in Korea and released as "Hyedang". The characteristics of "Hyedang" were the following: rate III growth habit, green leaf and stem, compact spike and with long rough awns. The heading date was April 25 in upland and April 17 in paddy field, which was 2 and 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar, "Olbori". The culm length was 80 cm which was 8 cm shorter than those of check cultivar. It showed spike length of 4.3 cm and 696 spikes per m2, 51 grains per spike, 35.0 g of 1,000 grain weight and 704 g of test weight. It showed stronger winter hardiness and higher resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) than those with check cultivar. It showed similar protein content and higher whiteness than those of the check cultivar and diastatic power was higher than that of Olbori. The average yield of the pearled grain in the RYT was 4.17 ton ha-1 in upland and 4.27 ton ha-1 in paddy field, which was 23% and 9% higher than that of the check cultivar, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum mean temperature of -8E°C in January in Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Jopyeong' is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between cold tolerant 'HR16683-46-3-1' and rice stripe virus and bacterial blight resistant 'HR18129-B-16-1-4' by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. This cultivar has about 114 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. This cultivar is about 67 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. 'Jopyeong' was multiple resistance to rice stripe virus, bacterial blight and blast. The milled rice of 'Jopyeong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. Compared to 'Odaebyeo', it has similar amylose content (19.9%), palatability of cooked rice and high protein content (6.5%). The milled rice yield performance of this cultivar was about 5.67 MT/ha in local adaptability test. 'Jopyeong' would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in northern plain, mid-mountainous and southern mountainous area of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Chinnong' is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iksan450 and YR21258-GH3 by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. This variety is suitable for environment friendly cultivation. Heading date of 'Chinnong' is August 16, later 1 day than that of Nampyeong in West-southern, Honam and Youngnam plain areas. It has culm length of 77 cm, 12 tillers per hill, 129 spikelets per panicle and 86.0% of ripened grains. 'Chinnong' shows moderately resistant reaction to blast disease and resistant reaction to bacterial blight (K1~K3), rice stripe virus and brown planthopper. The milled rice of 'Chinnong' exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein and amylose contents than those of Nampyeong and similar palatability of cooked rice compared to Nampyeong. The milled rice yield performance of this cultivar is about 6.00 MT/ha. 'Chinnong' would be adaptable to West-southern, Honam and Youngnam plain areas of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Younghan' (Hordeum vulgare L.), a winter barley for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2008. It was derived from a cross between F1['YB3433-3B-5'/'YB3135-3B-2-3'] and 'YB3135-3B-2-3'. 'SB971305-B-B-B-4-4' line was selected for its earliness, resistance to disease and good agronomic characteristics. The promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance in the yield trials in Iksan in 2004 to 2005, and designated as 'Iksan420'. The line was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield at eight locations throughout Korea for two years from 2007 to 2008 and finally named as 'Younghan'. It has the growth habit of IV, erect plant type, green leaf and thick culm in diameter. Its heading date was April 24, and the maturing date was May 25 in paddy field conditions, which were one day earlier than those of the check cultivar 'Youngyang'. The cultivar 'Younghan' had better winter hardiness, and resistance to lodging and BaYMV than those of the check cultivar did. The average forage dry matter yield of 'Younghan' was approximately 12.0 MT/ha in adapted region. 'Younghan' also showed 8.5% of crude protein content, 27.2% of ADF, and 67.1% of TDN, including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for (area with daily minimum temperature in January) above -8°C in Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Youho' (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatable forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. It was derived from the cross between 'Suwon339' and 'Suwon355'. Among the cross made in 1999, a promising line, SB992047-B-B-B-6-2, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan from 2005 to 2006. In 2007, it was designated as 'Iksan431' and placed in regional yield trials at eight locations in Korea for two years from 2007 to 2008, and was released as the name of 'Youho'. It has the growth habit of group II, erect plant type, green leaf and hood spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on Apr. 24 and May 26, respectively, which are similar to check cultivar 'Yuyeon'. 'Youho' also showed weaker winter hardiness, but better resistance to lodging, shattering and BaYMV than those of check cultivar. It showed higher crude protein content, grade of silage quality than those of check cultivar. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 14.1, 10.9 MT ha-1 in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 1% to 4% lower than that of the check cultivar. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above -8°C in January in Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Geumyoung' is a new early maturing rice cultivar developed from the cross between Sambaegbyeo and Iksan423/ Sangju22 at Sangju Substation, NICS, RDA, Korea in 2009. It needs about 116 days from seedling to harvest in mid-mountainous areas. This cultivar has about 72 cm long culm and 19 cm long panicle, which are similar to Odaebyeo. It has higher panicle number per plant, medium to small grains and sometimes has a few awned spikelets. It shows tolerance to cold and resistance to blast but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insects and pests. Milled rice of 'Geumyoeng' is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 18.0% amylose and 6.6% protein content with good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this cultivar was 5.53 MT/ha under standard fertilizer level of ordinary transplanting cultivation. 'Geumyong' would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting cultivation in the northern plains, and northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Gwanghan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from a cross between 'Early80' and 'Gwiri23'. A parent, 'Early80', has early heading and high yielding, while Gwiri23 has mid-heading with large-size grain. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO96016-B-112-YB-12-7', was selected for earliness, cold tolerance, and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri64'. The line was subsequently evaluated for cold tolerance, earliness, and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009, and finally named as 'Gwanghan'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of 'Gwanghan' harvested at milk-ripe stage was 16.4 MT ha-1, compared with 15.4 MT ha-1 of check cultivar 'Samhan'. 'Gwanghan's' heading date is about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar, and is adapted primarily for winter cultivation in the mid-southern regions of Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Honong' is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from mutagen MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) treatment on fertilized egg cells of Unbong31. This variety has about 126 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 79 cm in culm length and is tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it show resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Honong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has higher amylose content (20.3%) and lower protein content (6.3%), and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.44MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Honong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Jopung' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from an original cross between the F1 hybrid of 'Early80' and 'PA202-210-S' and 'Walken' in 1999. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO99006-B-YB-29-Y1', was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri65'. The line 'Gwiri65' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009 and finally named as 'Jopung'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Jopung' harvested at milk-ripe stage was 17.3 MT ha-1, compared with 13.6 MT ha-1 of check cultivar 'Swan'. The silage quality of 'Jopung' was superior to the check cultivar 'Swan' in crude protein content, and was similar to the check cultivar in percent total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cultivar 'Jopung' is suitable primarily for winter planting in the southern regions of Korean peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-use properties of 26 Korean wheat cultivars (KWC) were evaluated to assess consumer satisfaction with 6 imported wheat anf 5 commercial wheat flours. In end-use quality testing of cooked noodles, Absorption of noodle dough sheet of ASW (Australian standard white) was similar to Anbaek, Joekjoong, Nonong, Mamhae, and Sukang. Thickness of noodle dough sheet of KWC was showed thin difference. In imported wheat and commercial flour, Commercial flour for making for yellow alkaline noodle (Com2) and commercial flour for multi-purpose (Com4). Lightness value (L*) showed significantly negative correlations with particle size of flour, ash, damaged starch, and protein content. Hardness of cooked noodles positively correlated with protein content. In texture of cooked noodles Hardness of Com1 was similar to that of Alchan, Dahong, Jeokjoon, and Sukang. Also, hardness of Com2 was similar to that of Gobun, Jokyung, Jonong, Keumkang, and Nambae. In end-use quality of bread, bread loaf volume of commercial flour for making bread (Com3) was similar to Alchan, Jokyung, Kaumkang, and Nambae but firmness was low. Bread volume showed better relationship with higher SDS-sedimentation volume, longer mixing time of mixograph, higher height of dough during development. Firmness of crumb was negatively correlated with bread volume. Diameter of cookie showed significantly negative correlations with particle size of flour, damaged starch, and protein content. Also, Top gain score became higher as the increase diameter of cookie. In end-use quality testing of cooked cookie, Cookie diameter of Com5 was similar to that of Dahong, Geuru, Olgeuru, Tapdong, and Uri but top grain was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flour characteristics of 26 Korean wheat cultivars (KEC) were evaluated to assess consumer satisfaction with 6 imported wheat and 5 commercial wheat flours. In physical characteristics of flours, Particle size of SW (soft white) was similar to Dahong, Geuru, Milsung, Olgeuru, Seodun, Tapdong, and Uri. DNS (dark norther spring) was similar to Jeokjoong, Joeun, Sukang, and Younback. Ash and damaged starch content of KWC was similar to that of imported wheat and commercial flour (Com), but lightness value (L*) were lower than those of Com. Particle size of flour positively correlated with ash, damaged starch, and lightness value (L*) of flour. L (*) value of lour negatively correlated with ash, damaged starch, and particle size of flour. In protein characteristics, Protein content of SW and commercial flour for baking cookie (Com5) was similar to Baekjoong,Jinpoom, Milsung, Olgeuru, Saeol, and Uri. HRW (hard red winter) and commercial flour for baking bread (Com#) was similar to Hanback, Joeun, Joppon, Keumkang, and Sukang. SDS sedimentation colume based on a contant flour weigth (SDSS) of KWC was lower than those of DNS and Com3. Mixograph water absortikom of of KEC similar to imported wheat and Com. Mixing time and the maximum dough height 9Hm) of KWC were higher than those of imported wheat and Com. Protein content positively correlated with SDS sedimentation volume and water absorption of mixograph. SDS-sedimentation volume positively correlated with water absorption of mixograph, mixing time of mixograph, and height of dough development. In starch characteristics of flour, ASW (Australian stamdard white) flours showed higher amylase content and lower peak viscosity than those of AH (Australian hard), ASW, commercial flour for making white salted noodles (Com1) commercial flour for making yellow alkaline noodles (Com2). And Com3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Sohwang" was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. "Sohwang" was selected from a cross between Pungsan and Pungsan/Nattosan. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 58 were carried out from 2004 to 2008. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, Yellow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (8.5 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Sohwang" is 10 days earlier than the check variety, "Pungsan". It has a good seed quality for soybean-sprout. The soybean-sprouts grown from "Sohwang" have high isoflavone (3,041 μg/g)contents. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N), and other most troublesome soybean diseases which are bacterial pustule and black root rot. Especially, "Sohwang" has useful characteristics, such as lodging and shattering resistance. The average yield of "Sohwang" was 2.69 ton per hectare in the carried out for three years from 2006 to 2008 regional yield trials(RYT) for double cropping [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]