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In spite of the importance of natural drawing with input device, the interface between the device and virtual brush's status has been dealt less in literatures. Through this paper, we present a natural interface between pen-tablet device and virtual brush. Proposed system uses pressure instead of z-coordinate of pen to allow drawing with the similar feeling to the real brush. The contribution of this paper is as follows: first, a brush model interacting with pressure is generated. Second, 3D brush model is allowed to be folded back decreasing droplet size intensively according to pen direction changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web-based Geographic Information System(WebGIS) is a key direction towards GIS development. By analysing of the deficiency in the design of conventional WebGIS, this paper proposes an architecture of the intelligent WebGIS based on Multi-Agent, which has been applied in a agricultural WebGIS. In order to solve the key problem of Agent communication, the paper also presents an Agent communication model, which decreases the working capacity to maintain the communication protocl and enhances the system's adaptability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timed Coloured Petri net (TCPN) has been utilized as a visual formalism for the modeling of complex systems. A module of basic traffic system of TCPN model is successfully constructed in this paper. Especially, a supervisor of an urban traffic light system, which consists of five intersections with multiple phases, is implemented by the new methodology. And all the traffic operations are ruled by the control logic of TCPN. In addition, a new design tool is proposed and it is efficiently to state and solve the problem of traffic signal timing plans. Finally, a supervisor of the traffic light system is completed whose operation flow is modeled by the TCPN models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clickstream can be a rich source of data for analysing user behaviour, but the volume of these logs makes it difficult to identify and categorise behavioural patterns. In this paper, we introduce the Automatic Pattern Discovery (APD) method, a technique for automated processing of Clickstream data to identify a user's browsing patterns. The paper also includes case study that is used to illustrate the use of the APD and to evaluate its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) consist of some mobile nodes, but do not have the requirement of infrastructure or centralized management. As a result, there may have a lot of critical issues occurred in mobile ad hoc networks, such as the security of data transmission, routing, and so on. The misbehavior of nodes which are due to selfish or malicious may lead to the losing of packets, rejecting of services, etc. In this paper, a new scheme based on reputation, bandwidth and hop count is proposed to solve these problems. This scheme employs the fuzzy logic to perform the routing path decision in order to choose the best and feasible routing path. Finally, the SMPL, a simulation tool, is utilized to estimate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. From the results, the proposed scheme is superior to other existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in information technology enable realization of new on-demand transportation systems. A car sharing system is one of the new on-demand transportation systems and its concept is that people share vehicles to save maintenance cost. A car sharing system is expected as a solution for traffic jams and lack of parkings. There are two types of car sharing systems: the one-way type and the round-trip type. In this paper, we focus on the one-way type. In the one-way type, users can return vehicles to any stations at any time. Thus, it is hard to keep distribution balance of parked vehicles among stations. We propose a method for optimizing vehicle assignment according to distribution balance of parked vehicles. Finally, we report experimental results of our simulation, and evaluate the effect of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

XML(eXtensible Markup Language) is used as the description form of the documents and the data exchanged on the Web. Now, the usage of the XML is extending to not only the exchange of the XML document but also that of the XML database for classification and retrieval. This paper develops how to retrieve the related objective data from the tree structure in the XML document for the classification. In this paper, an ordered preserving relation is defined as the cue of the retrieval of the objective pattern. Then, the problem is to find the ordered preserving relations in the document. In the document, the ordered and the unordered subtree structure are important in the retrieval and classification. Then, the retrieval value is calculated in the tree structure. A method developed here was applied to the practical XML document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for visualising possible sequences of information. Possible sequences of information segments, called contexts, scenarios, narratives, or storytellings, have been used as a tool for exploring and stimulating thinking about possible events, assumptions relating to these events, and courses of actions, i.e. chances for a broad range of information designers from public audiences searching on the internet to analysts and policy makers. Thanks to the search technology, it has become easier to obtain information that a person is looking for, however, it is a laborious task to grab an overview of information space so that an information designer can find contextually relevant information pieces and sequence them into contextually meaningful ways. In this research, we design and develop a series of generative systems that visualises possible contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spark plug has been in existence for nearly 150 years, with few significant design changes over that time. Similarly, spark plug production testing systems have evolved slowly - mainly because there have been simple, yet ingenious, tests which offered adequate 'Go / No go' testing. This paper describes a new method of spark plug testing, featuring elementary detection and diagnosis of faults. Spark voltage waveforms are captured and classified using a neural network. This paper follows up initial work reported in some other recent publications by the Author, presenting the prototype testing system and the method and results of an initial factory-based test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an automatic online detecting system. In the system, digital image processing technology is used to preprocess X-ray images of the products, and neural network algorithm is applied to diagnose faults. The fault recognition model adopts an improved back-propagating neural network, which is trained by a series of standard X-ray images of correctly assembled products. The detecting system combines digital radiography technology with digital image processing, and applies the back-propagating neural network algorithm in the fault recognition process. The system improves the speed and reliability of fault detection and has application in the field of industrial nondestructive detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview on the advances of music information retrieval in symbolic representation of music. Such musical aspects as key, tonality, bass, melody, dynamics, rhythm and patterns are considered as foundation for visualizing systems for the piano stream in classical music. The paper then describes the proposed visualizing system and Malinowski's music animation machine. It lays light on the challenges facing creating contemporary visualizing systems. It is supplied with a related references list for further study on the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new image watermark algorithm of information hiding scheme based on chaotic encryption. Chaotic sequence is regarded as a noise-like spread sequence, and the secret signal to be transmitted is modulated and hidden in the carrier image as white noise to implement secure communication. The encryption principle of new algorithm is firstly presented in this paper, and the merits of new scheme are quantitatively analyzed by defining integrality and imperceptibility of image information. The results of computer simulation are described in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to other product lifecycle phases, the development of product documentation and technical manuals in particular, is an area currently undersupported by tools. This is in contrast with the benefits associated with the production of high quality product documentation, and the effort involved to produce it. This paper addresses this problem by proposing three complementary semantic-based methods for modeling product manuals. The first approach is based on using semantically linked information objects. The second approach focuses on abstracting the intended purpose, user tasks and the functional characteristics of the product data elements. The third approach uses ontologies to capture the semantic complexity of the product support domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching information on the Web is now one of the important acts in dairy work because we can obtain several types of information from the Web. For example, we use web search engines to obtain information related to proper nouns, such as famous persons, shops, restaurants, sightseeing places and so on. However, we often obtain irrelevant information with what we want to obtain because most web search engines just return web pages including a posted query. This paper describes a web search engine interface for users finding proper nouns and their relevant information. Our interface selects proper nouns related to a query from a search result with Natural Language Processing technologies. Our interface provides users the following information in addition to original search result: 1) Lists of proper nouns related to a posted query. 2) Links to each proper noun to results includi ng the proper noun. 3) Links for searching new information by using proper nouns as a new query. The experimental results with four subjects have shown that our interface contributes to find target proper nouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Next Generation Network (NGN) is expected to become the most important infrastructure for various services used for e-Business such as telephone services, Internet services and new generation broadcasting services. It is supposed to be integrated into all IP network. To satisfy various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of these services not only for each service but also for every user, we have developed a hierarchical shaper. The shaper has been implemented in a QoS aware gigabit router environment. Although this shaper has to be evaluated to manage actual traffic, the influence of various network conditions on bandwidth control has not been studied thoroughly. This paper reports some experimental results and clarifies the characteristics of the shaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze about the relation between stock price returns and Headline News. Headline News is very important sources of information in asset management, and is sent in large quantities every day. We study the effect of more than 13,000 Headline News sent from JIJI PRESS. We classify Headline News using Text Categorization and analyze the reaction of a stock price return for every type of News. From our research, we figure out following issues; 1) we make the Text Categorization System that has about 80% of classification accuracy, 2) this system can extract effective information to stock price returns from Headline News. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling multi-criteria decision making problems with AHP, judgements of decision makers are represented by positive reciprocal matrices with ratio judgements representing the preference of a decision maker. In this paper, we are going to propose a new method for aggregating individual ratio judgments into a group consensus. With the aggregation we proposed, the objective weight of each opinion is determined automatically in such a way that it is larger if the opinion is closer to the consensus and lesser otherwise. An iterative procedure is proposed to reach the consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some occasions, decision makers may have to deal with the problems in which only partial information is available. As a result, decision makers embody their preferences as incomplete fuzzy preference relations. In this paper, we propose an iterative procedure to estimate the missing values of the incomplete fuzzy preference relations that are assumed to be additive. The procedure is based on additive transitivity property. Measures of consistency and completeness of an incomplete fuzzy preference are also developed to assist decision makers to identify the quality of their decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One problem with data envelopment analysis (DEA), a prominent evaluation method in social sciences, is its low discriminating power when evaluated units are insufficient or inputs and outputs are too many relative to the number of units. To deal with this problem, we incorporate fuzzy set theory with classical DEA so that a broader aspect of evaluation could be taken into account. We propose a method to encapsulate the efficiencies of an unit in different aspects as a fuzzy efficiency. A fuzzy efficiency is further compared with other fuzzy efficiencies to determine its strength and weakness based on extended fuzzy preference relation. With the strength and weakness of an unit, we aggregate them into a total performance index so that a complete ranking of units is obtained. The method proposed in this paper demonstrates a high discrimination in DEA applications compared to classical DEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on our experiences, we have proposed a mathematical model for knowledge transfer in order to make knowledge management mechanism or system take root in the organization and to obtain guidelines to make it work. We are developing a know-how sharing system designed based on the insight obtained from the proposed model. We derived and applied the two ideas as design guidelines based on the analysis using the proposed model: one is mutual reviewing to increase the sense of participation, and another is establishment of the criteria to evaluate the background information about the knowledge to be shared. In this paper, we explain the proposed mathematical model and the system design based on the model. And we describe the evaluation on the prototype system. It shows that the mathematical model could derive guidelines to make the KM system work well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommunications fraud has drawn the attention in research due to the huge economic burden on companies and to the interesting aspect of users' behavior modeling. In the present paper, an application of decision trees to fraud detection is presented. The appropriate user behavior modeling is, also, discussed. The trees are used for rule extraction in order to distinguish between normal and fraudulent activities in a telecommunications network. Several real cases of defrauded user accounts are modeled by means of selected usage features. Decision trees are applied in order to identify the critical values that separate fraud from legal use. These thresholds are expressed in the form of rules that will be used in a rule based expert system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a novel approach that identifies meaningful student groups more objectively. As the data for objective analysis, we use communication history records that are collected from various communication tools such as telephones, e-mails, and messengers. We use the simple intuition that communication history records implicitly contain peer relationship information. We first formally define the notion of degree of familiarity between students and present mathematical formulas that compute the degree based on the history records. We then adopt a clustering technique to mine meaningful groups. To use the clustering technique, we define the measure of similarity between friends based on the degree of familiarity, and perform clustering using the measure. To show the practicality of the proposed method, we have implemented it and interpreted the meaning of experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important problem to be faced by power systems is the training of operators and the updating of their knowledge and skills. An operator must comprehend the physical operation of the process and must be skilled in handling a number of normal and abnormal operating problems and emergencies. We are developing an intelligent environment for training of power system operators. This paper presents the architecture of the intelligent environment and describes one of its components: the Domain Knowledge Module. The general aim of our work is to provide operators of complex industrial environments with a suitable training from a pedagogical and affective viewpoint to certify operators in knowledge, skills, expertise, abilities and attitudes for operation of power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite structures are proposed to index moving objects in road network. However, there are many problems for indexing moving objects for current and forecasting queries on road network, efficiently. This paper proposes methods for improving such kinds of structure, and gives a new structure R-TPR± Tree. Evaluation shows the new structure outperforms that of R-TPR-tree in query validity and disk access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In disaster situations, a panicking people tend to follow other leading people when they must select the next route from alternative routes. In some cases, such tendency may cause traffic congestion in escape routes, and increases the total amount of escape time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a traffic congestion model and an information propagation model in emergency situations, and consider how to propagate escape route information through panicking crowds in order to avoid traffic congestion. The selection of pairs of "voice alarms" and "escape gates" is an important factor to change the propagation of escape route information. Thus, we evaluate the effect of the selection of pairs by computer simulation using the traffic congestion and information propagation models. Our simulation results indicate that effective pairs can keep the standard deviation of escape time low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in mining time series databases. Representation of the data is the key to efficient and effective solutions. One of the most commonly used representation is piecewise linear approximation, which has been used to support clustering, classification, indexing and association rule mining of time series data. In this paper, we propose a method of piecewise linear representation (PLR) based on feature points. Experiment shows that the method has less fit error to the original time series and has a better ability of adaptation, which can be applied to diverse data environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elman presented a network with a context layer for time-series processing. The context layer keeps the output of the hidden layer, and the outputs are inputted to the hidden layer for the next calculation of the time-series. In this paper, the context layer is reformed into the internal memory layer, which is connected from the hidden layer with the connection weights to make the internal memory. The new learning algorithm, called the time-delayed back-propagation learning, is developed for the internal memory. The ability of the network with the internal memory layer and the organized states of the internal memory are demonstrated by applying it to the simple sinusoidal time-series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RFID tags attached on items in a retail store are expected to come up to marketers' requirement to understand latent interest of customers. The constraint due to security, however, is forcing the difficulty in recording the ID of customers, i.e., data on the information to distinguish customers. In this paper, we apply a method of chance discovery to ID-less RFID tag data obtained in an experimental library. Here we show a viewpoint to regard the patterns obtained from RFID-tag data without each customer's ID as the log of the group behavior of customers. Using the data to visualize a scenario map showing the relations between items, we found (1) the behavior of each customer tends to correspond to a part of the map, and (2) the preference of customers converge to interests latently shared by the group, in the extension of each customer's behaviors when they pick items looking at the scenario map. These results imply the ID-less RFID tags can be useful for activating the market as a community of customers rather than individual customer's behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an interactive interface to show results by C4.5 on a web browser, where the physicians can easily check the correspondence data on decision trees. With the interface, physicians can easily confirm or correct clinical data and analyzed results. We also propose a web-based interface that can estimate health levels of unknown data, and that can be used for medical diagnosis support. We show an interactive procedure by using the web-based interface and the possibility of chance discovery process where we can discover hidden or rare but very important relationships in a medical diagnosis support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a cryptographic construct, called fuzzy vault, has been proposed for crypto-biometric systems, and some implementations for fingerprint have been reported to protect the stored fingerprint template by hiding the fingerprint features, i.e., adding "chaff" minutiae into the original minutiae set. Also, solutions to the most challenging issue in applying the fuzzy vault to fingerprint(i.e., "align" the input fingerprint with the stored fingerprint template in the domain of the fuzzy vault) have been proposed. One of the solutions exploits the idea of the geometric hashing to solve the auto-alignment problem. In this paper, we analyze the feature distribution of the generated hash table as a stored fingerprint template and improve the security of the geometric hashing-based fuzzy vault by uniformly distributing the features in the stored fingerprint template. The goals of this addition make the feature distribution of the hash table for the chaff minutiae similar to that of the real minutiae as well as the feature distribution of the fingerprint image for both types of minutiae uniform. Based on the experimental results, we confirm that the proposed approach can perform the fingerprint verification more securely without a significant degradation of the verification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years the security of the user's identity has become of paramount importance. In this paper we investigate the opportunity of using a multimodal biometric system as input of a fuzzy controller designed with the aim of preventing user substitution after the initial authentication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an algebraic version of the annotated predicate logics Qτ [1] by using the concept of Curry Algebras [5]. The algebraic structure obtained is called Curry Algebras Qτ. We study some basic properties of these algebras. The main ideas involved lean heavily on the works by P. Halmos and N.C.A. Da Costa [9], [5]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes application of six-valued logic in an assessment sub-system of an intelligent tutoring system. This allows the system to handle situations with inconsistent and incomplete input. Special attention is paid to the decision making rules an intelligent agent is applying for assessing students' understanding of new terms. If an assessment is not in anyway connected with grading, i.e. a student will neither loose no gain by providing honest answers, we assume that there is no need for penalty rules deterring system misuse. Instead we implement rules that distinguish between students' hesitation in the process of giving an answer and lack of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method of synchronizing a music clip and a video clip of the query result in the cross-media retrieval system for improving the degree of their fitness. The proposed method changes the speed in playing a video clip. This method decides the synchronization points of a video clip based on the beats in a music clip. The speed in playing a video clip is decided according to the times of the synchronization points. The proposed synchronization method is experimentally evaluated. The evaluation result shows that the proposed method could improve the degree of fitness of a music clip and a video one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major early problems that biometrics faced was the lack of interoperability between different software applications and devices developed by different vendors. The BioAPI Specification has defined an open system standard application program interface (API) which allows software applications to communicate with a broad range of biometric technologies. This paper describes the design and implementation of an open source Java framework intended to provide single sign-on web authentication based on BioAPI-compliant biometric software or devices. The open-source principle makes this system a novel and practical development tool for testing and integrating biometric modules and devices from third parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a system for mining very large spatio-temporal datasets. The system comprises two main layers: the mining layer and the visualization layer. The mining layer implements a new approach based on a 2-pass strategy to efficiently support the data-mining process, address the spatial and temporal dimensions of the dataset, and visualize and interpret results. In the first pass, the data objects are grouped according to their close similarity. In the second pass these groups are clustered to produce new models or patterns. The main reason for this 2-pass strategy is that the datasets are too large for traditional mining and cannot support the interactivity required by the visualization layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to process data effectively while preserving privacy of personal information. In this paper, we propose a technique to reconstruct results of count aggregate queries from a perturbed table for building a decision tree whose target attribute contains more than two classes. Using the conventional technique, we must reconstruct the results of target values from those of each value calculated independently in such the case. In this paper, we borrow and extend the conventional technique to reconstruct the results of target values at once. We also report some experimental results showing that our proposal can reduce reconstruction errors compared to the conventional technique in cases where perturbation ratio is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To decide optimum conditions for a chemical process is difficult task. Design variables of chemical process like the supercritical water oxidation process are discrete variables (ex. structure) and continuous variables (ex. temperature, pressure). This paper develops a method simultaneously optimizes continuous variables and discrete variables in safety region using genetic algorithm. We demonstrate the proposed method using the supercritical water oxidation process in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an intelligent algorithm for scheduling jobs on a single machine with a common due date is introduced. This problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine, known as NP-complete problem, is against the common due date with respect to earliness and tardiness penalties. In the proposed algorithm, the properties of scheduling jobs on a single machine with a common due date are well derived with ant colony optimization (ACO). Furthermore, the heuristic is embedded into ACO as local search to escape from local optima. Simulation results show that the proposed intelligent algorithm yields the best performance among existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new simulated environment of flexible manufacturing systems is proposed in this article. The simulated environment can help the engineers reduce their efforts and better deal with some frustrating situations in the beginning of research and development. A modeling tool, called scenario, is employed in this paper. The scenario is able to depict the actions between equipment and its controller. This article starts with scenario to model the operation sequences of the system's equipment. In addition, this article demonstrates how a scenario is converted into a Petri net. To our knowledge, it is the first time that scenarios are used to model the operations of the equipment's handshaking. Finally, two emulators are given for the simulated environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new decision support system (DSS) for dealing stocks which utilizes both the prediction (obtained by neural networks) concerning the occurrence of the "Golden Cross (GC) and Dead Cross (DC)" and that concerning the increase (decrease) rate of the future stock price several weeks ahead. Computer simulation results concerning the dealings of (randomly chosen) several individual stocks confirm the effectiveness of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a financial trading system whose strategy is developed by means of an artificial neural network approach based on a recurrent reinforcement learning algorithm. In general terms, this kind of approach consists in specifying a trading policy based on some predetermined investor's measure of profitability, and in setting the financial trading system while using it. In particular, with respect to the prominent literature, in this contribution: first, we take into account as measure of profitability the reciprocal of the returns weighted direction symmetry index instead of the wide-spread Sharpe ratio; second, we obtain the differential version of this measure of profitability and obtain all the related learning relationships; third, we propose a procedure for the management of drawdown-like phenomena; finally, we apply our financial trading approach to some of the major world financial market indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we first highlight what we consider a drawback of most consistency indices for pairwise comparison matrices. In our opinion they do not take into account whether the elicited judgements are close to indifference or, on the contrary, they express strong preferences in comparing the alternatives, with the result that the latter case is unfairly penalized. We then introduce a consistency preserving transformation. By means of this transformation we define an equivalence relation in the set of pairwise comparison matrices and propose a new method for a more fair evaluation of the consistency. Finally, we extend the new method to fuzzy preference relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a system to select the best combination of technical indicators and their parameter values adaptively by learning the patterns from the tick-wise financial data. In this paper, we show that this system gives good predictions on the directions of motion with the hitting rate at 10 ticks ahead of the decision point as high as 70% for foreign exchange rates (FX) in five years from 1996 to 2000 and 8 different stock prices in NYSE market in 1993. Based on this fact, we conclude that the tick-wise price time series carry a long memory of the order of at least a few minutes, which is equivalent to 10 ticks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming languages play vital roles in program development and implementation. On the one hand, a programming language provides a means of algorithm presentation; on the other hand, it reflects the underlying abstract computational model. In this paper, we discuss the extension of the Chemical Abstract Machine with multiple coexisting agents - MACH (Multiagent Extended Chemical Abstract Machine). The aim of MACH is to develop a coordination programming language based on an interactive computational model. The language is simple yet powerful enough to construct complicated multiagent, based software systems. We present MACH as a simple and efficient programming approach with an underlying formal proof system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost models for estimating the response time have been presented, and the architecture of grid resource management based on mobile agent is given in this paper. An integration of mobile agent technology with OGSA is working effectively towards reducing the network traffic during the grid resource processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the design and testing technology for URC component quality. The test case design using scenario is an effective methodology to cover all user requirements. And we are continuously studying about functional design standard for URC component Software by design specification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A forward reasoning engine is an indispensable component in many advanced knowledge-based systems with purposes of creation, discovery, or prediction. This paper presents a forward reasoning engine with general-purpose, named "FreeEnCal", which can interpret and perform inference rules defined and given by its users, draw fragments of various classical and/or non-classical logic systems formalized as different formal systems, draw empirical theorems of various formal theories constructed based on various logic systems, and perform deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning automatically. FreeEnCal can be used as a ready-made forward reasoning engine serving as a core and fundamental component in various advanced knowledge-based systems as well as an alone forward reasoning engine with general-purpose. The paper presents our basic ideas to design and implement FreeEnCal, facilities provided by FreeEnCal, and some applications of FreeEnCal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic rule selection is an approach to the design of classifiers with high accuracy and high interpretability. It searches for a small number of simple classification rules from a large number of candidate rules. The effectiveness of genetic rule selection strongly depends on the choice of candidate rules. If we have hundreds of thousands of candidate rules, it is very difficult to efficiently search for their good subsets. On the other hand, if we have only a few candidate rules, rule selection does not make sense. In this paper, we examine the use of Pareto-optimal and near Pareto-optimal rules with respect to support and confidence as candidate rules in genetic rule selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider a first order singularly perturbed quasilinear boundary value problem with integral boundary condition which arises in netural network. The problem is discretized using a hybrid upwind difference scheme on a Shishkin mesh. Applying the discrete maximum principle and barrier function techniques we show that the scheme is almost second order convergent, in the discrete maximum norm, independently of singular perturbation parameter. Numerical experiments support these theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]