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OBJECTIVE: To compare the shoulder pain, disability, and range of motion in diabetic and non-diabetic frozen shoulder (FS) patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 on 210 clinically diagnosed patients of FS. Study included equal number (n=105) of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and non-diabetic patients, ranging in age from 35 to 65 years. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to assemble the data from various private and government hospitals of Lahore. A plastic goniometer and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) tool was used to extract data. Data was analyzed through SPSS v.21.0. RESULTS: In 210 patients with frozen shoulder, the mean age was 53±10.3 years & 48±9.9 years in DM & non-diabetic patients respectively (p=0.94). Frequency of male & female patients was 43 (40.95%) and 62 (59.05%) in diabetic group (n=105) & 38 (36.19%) and 67(63.81%) in non-diabetic group (n=105) respectively. Mean body mass index was 25.61±2.14 & 25.39±2.16 in diabetic & non-diabetic patients respectively (p=0.32). Mean SPADI score was 66.69±13.20 in diabetic and 63.34±15.01 in non-diabetic group (p=0.191). Regarding motion range at shoulder, mean degrees of flexion, external rotation, internal rotation and abduction were 103±23.07, 30±11.20, 34±11.970 & 101±25.55 in diabetic patients as compared to 113±29.61, 39±14.34, 40±15.77 & 109±33.80 in non-diabetic patients respectively (p=≤0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in severity of pain and disability in diabetic & non-diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. However, range of motion was significantly better in non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients having frozen shoulder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare fear of fall (lack of self-confidence to maintain balance during normal activity) with and without fall history among sub-acute stroke patients in Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 till January 2019 in different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Sixty-six patients in age group of 40-75 years and having sub-acute stroke (stroke duration between 2-6 months) were included in the study after taking their consent. Fall Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I) questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Out of 66 subjects, 41 (62.1%) were males. Majority (n=39; 59.1%) of patients were between 50-70 years of age and 16 (24.2%) were >70 years old. Fifty (75.8%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. Most (52/66, 78.8%) of the patients were independent/ambulatory. Thirty-six (54.5%) patients used assistive devices. Patients with history of fall were 37 (56.1%) while fear of fall was recorded in 28 (42.4%) patients. Maximum (17/37; 45.9%) patients fell in washroom, 12/37 (32.4%) in bedroom, 5/37 (12.5%) fell outside at road or pavement and 3/37 (8.1%) patients fell from stairs. Overall mean FES-I score was 29.08±5.29. Mean FES-I score in patients with history of fall was 30.38±5.55 as compared to 27.41±4.50 in patients with no fall history (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, fear of fall score is significantly higher in subacute stroke patients with history of fall than in patients without history of fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]