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531 patients with non-complicated and non-metastatic colon cancer were operated on during 1995-2008 years. Surgery was radical in all cases. Various types of surgical treatment of the colon cancer, postoperative complications and lethality were analyzed. Open methods reported a 1,6% complications rate and lethality rate was 0,4%. Whereas, laparoscopically operated patients showed the complication rate of 3,6% and lethality was 1,2%. Overall 5-year survival was 91,7% for T1-3N0M0; 75,6% for T4N0M0 and 55,3% for T1-4N1-2M0 stages.

Thirty-five autopsied specimens of rectum's distal part and anal canal part were studied. It was revealed that length of physiological hypogangliosis zone ranged from 7.5 to 50.0 mm (mean 24.4+/-10.9 mm). With regard to this wide range the modification of transanal Svenson's biopsy of rectal wall was proposed for diagnosis of malformations of intramural nervous system of the colon. The method was used in 21 patients with megacolon. The results demonstrate accuracy and safety of this diagnostic method.

A new method for preparing the large intestine for operation is suggested, it is based on oral administration of a solution of polyethylene oxides with chloramphenicol. The preparation possesses a marked hydrophilic activity, which causes inhibition of absorption processes in the lumen of the intestinal tube. This leads to accumulation of the intestinal contents and their quicker passage. Polyethylene oxides also ensure accumulation of antibiotics in the tissues of the intestinal wall. The suggested method was used to prepare the intestine for operation in 93 patients. Comparative evaluation proved its advantages according to the main clinico-laboratory criteria: the method is technically simple, reduces the period of preparation of the intestine, has no negative effect on the homeostasis values, ensures adequate preparation of the large intestine with decrease of the level of its microbial contamination. With the use of the method the number of postoperative purulent complications in interventions on the large intestine reduced.

Combined treatment with the use of intensive methods of preoperative radiotherapy was carried out in 41 patients with malignant tumors of the colon. Study of the specific features of the accomplished surgical interventions and the postoperative management of patients showed that short courses of irradiation on a betatron with energy of 25 MeV, given in 5 daily exposures to a total basic dose of 20 Gy or a single exposure to a basic dose of 7.5 Gy had no unfavourable effect on the performance of the operation and the patients' condition in the postoperative period. The immediate results of the operation were found to be good in all patients.

Surgical treatment of chronic colonic stasis is still a complicated and difficult for solution problem. The undertaken study characterizes one of the causes of chronic constipation in adults--the hypoganglionic variant of Hirschsprung's disease whose clinical course is marked by a prolonged period of compensation while the complex diagnosis is extremely difficult. The severe disorders of the motor-evacuation function of the large intestine make surgery necessary; operation leads to recovery of 96% of patients.