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Experience is recorded with the diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of 5 patients with retroperitoneal and mesenterial cysts. According to available data in the literature, one patients with retroperitoneal or mesenteric cyst falls among an average of 34,000-105,000 in-lying patients. Basic symptom on physical examination was a palpable tumor mass in the abdomen. In recent years correct preoperative diagnosis of these diseases has been established in 85-95 per cent of the cases with the help of echography and computer tomography. The surgical approach was determined from the possibility for total or partial removal of the cyst, which was sometimes accompanied by partial or total removal of abdominal organs involved in the pathologic process.