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Subsisting on the streets requires homeless former prisoners to execute coping strategies, which were suggested in three major categories, namely, problemsolving-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance. A lack of understanding exists regarding the coping strategies that homeless former prisoners utilise in navigating extremely challenging life conditions on the streets. Three strategies were selected and scrutinised in the current study to explore the key coping mechanism frequently employed by homeless former prisoners in tackling subsistence problems or challenges on the streets. A qualitative approach was administered by interviewing 30 homeless former prisoners to identify personal preferences for coping strategies. The findings revealed that the coping mechanisms were regularly employed simultaneously depending on the circumstances. Particularly, a higher tendency was demonstrated in applying avoidance coping operations, including drug abuse, solitude, pleasure-seeking activities, and worship, amongst homeless former prisoners. Nevertheless, homeless former prisoners also applied problem-solvingfocused coping strategies by searching for potential methods of higher income generation to improve their survival prospects. Summarily, formerly incarcerated individuals implemented coping strategies either collectively or interchangeably, subject to their current situations with varying suitabilities when subsisting on the streets. The implementation of these enhancements, along with greater integration of collective coping, will contribute to the advancement of significant intervention research. Research into coping strategies among homeless former prisoners can shed light on how these individuals adapt to life outside the prison system, how they develop survival skills, and how these skills may influence their behaviour and attitudes after release. Studying coping mechanisms post-release can offer insights into the challenges these individuals face when transitioning back into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imprisonment impacts the life events and turning points of former prisoners upon release. The challenges faced during societal re-integration are contributing factors that shape the life events of former prisoners upon release and subsequently determine their turning point. This study aims to prove that positive life events will cause former prisoners to shape positive turning points after release. Criminal justice studies have since strived to understand the factors that cause former prisoners to repeat their crimes after being released from prison. However, in Malaysia, not many works have explored the factors that cause former prisoners to cease committing a crime. Besides, the successful re-integration of these prisoners is still understudied. The researchers conducted a qualitative study in Kuala Lumpur with 19 former prisoners. The results revealed that 16 informants had repeatedly committed crimes, while only three managed to desist. This study will describe the views and experiences of the three former prisoners (desisters) on how they desist from crime during re-integration. Only three desisters were considered and did not include 16 other recidivist informants since the objective of this study was to identify the success factors for re-integration and to understand the protective factors of former prisoners during re-integration into society. The crucial findings were also discussed, including family acceptance, the presence of a supportive spouse, employment, avoiding negative peers, no drug addiction and being healthy. These factors managed to prevent the former prisoners from committing crimes again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]