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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double inseminations on the inflammation of the uterus in mares. Nine mix breed mares with endometrial biopsy scores grade I and IIA, aged 5-15, were used in the study. Two experiments were performed over two estrous cycles: (1) single insemination, (2) double insemination. All mares were used in both insemination group. In the single insemination cycles one insemination was performed 24 h after hCG injection, while in the double insemination cycles two inseminations were carried out 24 h and 48 h after the hCG injection. Endometrial biopsies were collected in both cycles immediately before (= 0), and 6, 30 and 54 h after the first insemination. Gene expressions of the inflammatory markers IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS, SAA, COX-2 and CASP-3 and histopathological alterations of the endometrium were determined. The 6 h expression levels of IL-6 were higher when compared with 30 h and 54 h (P< 0.05). CASP-3 expression levels in single insemination cycles were higher at 0 h and 6 h when compared with 54 h (P< 0.05). In conclusion expression levels of the IL-1 beta,-6,-8, iNOS, SAA and COX-2 were not different between single or double insemination cycles. This study provides preliminary evidence to further characterize the changes in the expression of relevant genes in response to fresh semen.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis, affects several species of wild and domesticated mammals, including horse, besides human. In Turkey, there were many reports on A. phagocytophilum circulation among cattles, sheep, dogs, mice, humans, except horses. In this study, we aimed to inquiry whether A. phagocytophilum were circulating among the horse population or not. For this purpose, 105 mare horse blood sera were examined for the presence of Anti-Anaplasma phagocytophilum IgG antibodies by IFAT. The seroprevalance rate of 8.57% horse sera were found to be positive. This was the first report about the presence of anti-A. phagocytophilum antibodies in horses in Turkey.., Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis’in etkeni olan Anaplasma phagocytophilum, atların dahil olduğu pek çok vahşi ve evcil memeliyi, yanı sıra insanları etkilemektedir. Türkiye’de A. phagocytophilum’un atlar hariç, sığırlar, koyunlar, köpekler, fareler, insanlar arasında sirküle olduğuna dair birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, A. phagocytophilum’un at populasyonu arasında mevcut olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu amaçla, 105 dişi at kan seumu Anti- A. phagocytophilum IgG antikorlarının varlığını tespit etmek için IFAT ile incelendi. At kan serumlarının %8.57’si pozitif bulundu. Bu çalışma, atlarda anti-A. phagocytophilum antikorlarının varlığı ile ilgili ilk rapordur..

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double inseminations on the inflammation of the uterus in mares. Nine mix breed mares with endometrial biopsy scores grade I and IIA, aged 5-15, were used in the study. Two experiments were performed over two estrous cycles: (1) single insemination, (2) double insemination. All mares were used in both insemination group. In the single insemination cycles one insemination was performed 24 h after hCG injection, while in the double insemination cycles two inseminations were carried out 24 h and 48 h after the hCG injection. Endometrial biopsies were collected in both cycles immediately before (=0), and 6, 30 and 54 h after the first insemination. Gene expressions of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, iNOS, SAA, COX-2 and CASP-3 and histopathological alterations of the endometrium were determined. The 6 h expression levels of IL-6 were higher when compared with 30 h and 54 h (P

In this study, the presence of anisakid nematodes in the European eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) was investigated. A total of 30 specimens of eels were caught by local fishermen from the Buyuk Menderes River, Turkey. Nematoda species of Raphidascaris acus was found from eels. This is the first record of R. acus from A. anguilla from Turkish waters. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1and ITS-2) and 5.8S of this parasitic species was amplified and sequenced. Also, all the nematodes were identified as R. acus based on nucleotide sequence comparisons. Pairwise comparison between the entire ITS regions and 5.8S of the R. acus isolates of A. anguilla (GenBank accession number: KT633862) and other R. acus isolates from Caspian Sea (KM047505), and Vistula Lagoon, Poland (AY603537) showed differences ranging from 0.0 to 1.9% intraspecific nucleotide differences, respectively. With the present study, R. acus infecting A. anguilla caught off the Aegean Region streams were characterized for the first time by sequencing of the rDNA ITS regions and 5.8S. (Less)

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the microbial-N flow to the small intestine and to predict the digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) in grazing Karayaka sheep based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives (xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and allantoin) by the use of spot urine sampling under field conditions. In the trial, 10 Karayaka sheep from 2 to 3 years of age were used. The animals were grazed in a pasture for ten months and fed with concentrate and vetch plus oat hay for the other two months (January and February) indoors. Highly significant linear and cubic relationships (P, {"references":["Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat): Livestock Statistics, Url:http://www.turkstat.gov.tr, 2008.","Chen XB, Mejia AT, Kyle DJ, Ørskov ER: Evaluation of the use of the purine derivative: creatinine ratio in spot urine and plasma samples as an index of microbial protein supply in ruminants: studies in sheep. J AgrSci, 125:137-143,1995.","Cetinkaya N, Salman M, Genc B: Estimation of the microbial N flow to small intestine in Saanen goats and kids based on urinary excretion of purin derivatives by the use of spot urine sampling technique. KafkasUniv Vet Fak Derg,16(1):75-79, 2010.","Fujihara T, Orskov ER, Reeds PJ, Kyle DJ: The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of pürine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric infusion. J AgricSciCamb, 109:7-12, 1987.","IAEA: A training package the technique for estimating microbial protein supply in ruminants based on determination on pürine derivatives in urine. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture. Vienna, Austria, 2003.","Wanapat M, Pimpa, O: Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. J AnimSci, 12: 904, 1999.","Puchala R, Kulasek GW: Estimation of microbial protein flow from the rumen of sheep using microbial protein flow from the rumen of sheep using microbial nucleic acid and urinary excretion of pürine derivatives. Can J AnimSci, 72, 821-830, 1992.","Makkar HPS, Chen XB: Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminants using urinary purine derivatives, Springer 1 ed. VII, p.212, 2004.","Antoniewicz AN, Hienemann WW, Hanks EM: The effect of changes in the flow of nucleic acids on allantoin excretion in the urine of sheep. J AgricSci, 95: 395-400, 1980.\n[10]\tChen XB, Chen YK, Franklin MF, Ørskov ER, Shand, WJ: The effect of feed intake and body weight on purine derivative excretion and microbial protein upply. J AnimSci, 70:1534–1542, 1992.\n[11]\tChen XB, Gomes JM: Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and overview of the technical detail. International feed resources unit. 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Anim Feed SciTechnol, 98: 131-142, 2002.\n[29]\tKreuzer M, Kirchgessner M, Kellner RJ, Roth FX: Effect of varying protein and energy concentration on digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen metabolism and allantoin excretion in wethers. German J AnimPhysiolAnimNutr 55:144-159, 1986.\n[30]\tLaurent F, Vignon B: Factors of variations in urinary excretion of allantoin in sheep and goats. AnimSci, 64:281-282, 1983. \n[31]\tJetana T, Suthikrai W, Usawang S, Kijsamrej S, Sophon S: The use urinary purines excreted in the urine for prediction microbial protein production form rumen: Using spot sampling for the prediction microbial protein from the rumen of Brahman Cattle. The 4th Chulalongkorn University Veterinary Annual Conference 60th Veterinary Anniversary Building, Chulalongkorn University, 2005.\n[32]\tYu P, Boon-ek L, Leury BJ: Effect of dietary protein variation in term of net truly digest intestinal protein (DVE) and rumen degraded protein balance (OEB) on the concentration and excretion of urinary creatinine, purine derivatives and microbial N supply in sheep: comparation with the prediction from the DVE/OEB model. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 93:71-91,2001."]}

Bu makalede, kazara nitrat gubresi yiyen 1-2 yaslarinda 7 kil kecisindeki klinik, hematolojik ve bazi biyokimyasal parametrelerin analizi ile zorunlu kesime tabi tutulan 2 kecideki nekropsi bulgularinin degerlendirilmesi amaclandi. Anamnez bilgileri, klinik ve nekropsi bulgulari ile kanda spot testi sonucuna gore nitrat zehirlenmesi olasiligi olan hastalarin tedavisinde metilen mavisi (%1, 20 mg/kg, IV) ve askorbik asit (10 mg/kg dozda IV) kullanildi. Kan serumunda nitrit duzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve sagaltima olumlu yanit alinmasi dikkate alinarak kesin tani konuldu. Sonuc olarak, saha sartlarinda akut nitrat zehirlenmelerinin tanisi amaciyla kandaki methemoglobin varliginin tespitinde spot testinin kolaylikla uygulanabilecegi ve gubre yiyen kecilere metilen mavisi ve C vitamini tedavisinin olumleri onleyebilecegi soylenebilir.

Aral k 2005 – Nisan 2006 tarihleri aras nda, K r kkale merkez ve cevre ilcelerinde, 16 ayr ah rdan o an icin klinik belirti gostermeyen, 3-7 yasl rastgele secilen 100 sut ineginde yap lan cal smada brusellozis, listeriozis ve toksoplazmozis’in seroprevalans ve bunlar n birlikte gorulme s kl klar n n belirlenmesi amacland . Yap lan klinik muayenede cal smaya al nan sut ineklerinin ortalama nab z frekans 72±12/dak., solunum frekans 24±6/dak, beden s s ise 38.2±0.6oC olarak belirlendi. Brucella abortus antikorlar n n varl g Mikrotup Aglutinasyon Testi (MAT) ile tarand . Test sonuclar na gore 1/40 ve uzeri titreler seropozitif olarak degerlendirildi. L. monocytogenes ‘O’ antikorlar Osebold yontemiyle belirlendi. Osebold Aglutinasyon Testi sonuclar na gore 1/100 ve uzerindeki titrelerde, en az 2 (+) sonuc veren aglutinasyonlar pozitif olarak kabul edildi. Toksoplazma gondii antikorlar standart Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (SFDT) ile arast r ld . Sonuclara gore 1/16 ve uzeri titreler seropozitif olarak kabul edildi. Sonucta 100 inege ait orneklerin serolojik incelemesinde; brusellozis’in %19, listeriozis’in %37 ve toksoplazmozis’in %53 oran nda seropozitif oldugu tespit edildi. Bu hastal klar n, ayn hayvanda birlikte gorulme s kl klar ise brusella, listeria ve toksoplazman n %5, brusella ve listerian n %4, brusella ve toksoplazman n %7, listeria ve toksoplazman n %13 oldugu belirlendi.