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Due to their potential benefits for a variety of industries, blockchain technologies have recently attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community as well as the business community. Blockchain provides distributed, secure, permissioned transactional ledgers, that successfully deal with these problems. The purpose of this study is to present a new conceptual framework that combines blockchain technology with building information modeling. This framework is specifically designed for smart contracts and digital transactions in the chemical industry's retrofitting of green buildings. Within this particular context, the main goals are to improve cost-effectiveness, bolster cybersecurity measures, improve information sharing and management, expedite payment transactions, and advance sustainability. In Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia, a chemical facility was the study's location. The study also makes use of partial least squares structural equation modeling.

During the implementation process, the construction sector significantly affects the environment, leading to environmental pollution and the overconsumption of natural resources. This jeopardizes the sustainability of a healthy living environment, requiring a solid system to control development. A sustainable and environmentally friendly development system is crucial from architectural, construction, and economic perspectives. However, when applying the concept of Green Building to existing buildings, the cost of green retrofits has increased by about 10.77%. A case study was carried out on the existing BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) building to provide alternative solutions to reduce these green retrofitting costs, making sustainable construction the primary option in developing the construction sector. One way to address this cost increase is using the Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) application, an alternative method to determine the most economical cost based on input or a given model. BIM models contain non-geometric information, including materials for building components, quantities, prices, procedures, scales, and sizes. This allows for real-time data exchange and collaborative decision-making between stakeholders, improving visualization and modeling and lowering costs due to better construction outcomes and higher productivity probability. The implementation of Blockchain-BIM is expected to result in green retrofit cost savings of at least 3% on each green level according to the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) of the Republic of Indonesia Technical Guidelines No. 01/SE/M/2022, namely Primary, Intermediate, and Main.

Considering the global climate change and anticipation of water needs, this can pose significant problems. Trees play a crucial role in mitigating climate change, with the ability to assimilate carbon dioxide (CO2) and certain air pollutants, purify rainfall, and act as a barrier against soil erosion. This research focuses on the Bekasi River, which has a length of 6 km and a cross-sectional width of 65 meters. The data used is directly extracted from project data utilized for cost estimation, and data collection is conducted through interviews and questionnaires. The research methodology integrates Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) as a data processing tool for survey and factor identification, along with Blockchain-Building Information Modeling (BIM) to assess the cost performance improvement of environmentally friendly reinforcement. Based on the test results, the utilization of BIM combined with blockchain technology can result in cost savings of 3.69% for the Improved level, 3.72% for the Enhanced level, 4.39% for the Superior level, 4.92% for the Conserving level, and 5.17% for the Restorative level in terms of cost enhancement.

Several rating definitions must be met following the envision's system. The envisioned system aims to develop the green building concept in the existing jetty building. These definitions are quality of life, leadership, resource allocation, nature, climate, and resilience. This sustainability is needed to initiate changes in the planning, design, and provision of sustainable infrastructure together with the company. This also applies to implementing long-term infrastructure investments that are more cost-effective, resource-efficient, and adaptable. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative method, where data is obtained by distributing questionnaires and simulating using Statistical Products and Solution Services (SPSS). The application of Value Engineering (VE) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) has been chosen by researchers on existing jetty buildings with the green jetty concept, with investment costs in economic green jetty buildings and a return on investment costs of less than four years. In achieving the ten most influential factors in improving cost performance in sustainable dock construction, the results of the SPSS simulation processing obtained the ten most influential factors, namely: Planning, Energy, Siting, Materials, Ecology, Community, Economy, Operation, and Maintenance Cost, Follow-up Inspection, and Labor Experience.

The MICE industry is considered one with high economic attractiveness for investors. Regulations and user requests for a new building are required to meet green building standards. The Green Building Council Indonesia issues Greenship's green building certification system. A minimum of 56 points is required for additional investment costs but will result in savings in operations to get a platinum rating. This paper aims to determine what factors are influential in optimising construction costs through the value engineering method to achieve a green building rating tool with life cycle costs using Structural Equation Modelling. The finding is that energy is the most influential factor in obtaining platinum rating certification, which requires value engineering and lifecycle cost analysis to achieve optimal investment costs with additional costs from 7,494% to 4,689%. The novelty of this research is that the selection of materials/machines and working methods of the green concept that saves energy needs to be carried out from the beginning of the design to achieve a feasible payback period for new investments, which will be the commitment of the owner to build a green MICE.

Construction projects have developed so rapidly, one of which is the construction of warehouses. The warehouse discussed in this study is an ammunition warehouse. The construction of the ammunition warehouse has a deadline in accordance with the contract agreed between the owner, contractor and consultant. But in the implementation in the field, there was a delay in the work of the concrete structure. This study aims to obtain the dominant factors causing delays in the ammunition warehouse project by applying the Lean Six Sigma method and time-cost trade-off in solving the problem. Data processing used statistical analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), which was obtained from questionnaires filled out by experts. From this processing, the highest ten factors were obtained, namely 1. Inadequate planning and scheduling, 2. Implementation of work plans, 3. Delay in drawing up and approval of drawings, 4. Cost reduction, 5. Relationship between management and labor, 6. Relationship design internal team, 7. Lack of skilled manpower, 8. Flexibility, 9. Errors during construction and 10. Inaccurate prediction of craftsman production levels. This research is useful and beneficial for readers and can be developed again.