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Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening is a biomarker of cellular aging that can be decelerated by diet. We aimed to investigate the effect of dietary intake of vitamin E on biomarkers of cellular senescence in patients with established cardiovascular disease. To this end, DNA from 1,002 participants of the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937) was isolated and LTL was measured by real-time PCR. Dietary information was collected using a 146-item food frequency questionnaire, and several oxidative stress and damage biomarkers were determined. We found that patients with an inadequate intake of vitamin E according to the European Food Safety Authority, U.S. Food and Nutrition Board, and Spanish dietary recommendation had shorter LTL than those with an adequate intake (p = .004, p = .015, and p = .005, respectively). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between olive oil, fish consumption and LTL (r2 = .083, p = .010; r2 = .090, p = .006, respectively). Subjects who consumed more than 30 mL olive oil/day had longer LTL than subjects with lower consumption (p = .013). Furthermore, we observed higher glutathione peroxidase activity in subjects consuming less vitamin E (p = .031). Our findings support the importance of an adequate consumption of the antioxidant vitamin E, and the value of the diet as a modulating tool of the senescence process., (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress are elevated with aging and dysmetabolic conditions. Because a Mediterranean (Med) diet reduces oxidative stress, serum AGEs levels, and gene expression related to AGEs metabolism in healthy elderly people, we studied whether supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) was of further benefit. Twenty participants aged ≥ 65 (10 men and 10 women) were randomly assigned to each of three isocaloric diets for successive periods of 4 weeks in a crossover design: Med diet, Med + CoQ, and a Western high-saturated-fat diet (SFA diet). After a 12-hour fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to the previous diet period. Analyses included dietary AGEs consumed, serum AGEs and AGE receptor-1 (AGER1), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), glyoxalase I (GloxI), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA levels. Med diet modulated redox-state parameters, reducing AGEs levels and increasing AGER1 and GloxI mRNA levels compared with the SFA diet. This benefit was accentuated by adding CoQ, in particular, in the postprandial state. Because elevated oxidative stress/inflammation and AGEs are associated with clinical disease in aging, the enhanced protection of a Med diet supplemented with CoQ should be assessed in a larger clinical trial in which clinical conditions in aging are measured.

Background: Characterization of the variations in the metabolomic profiles of elderly people is a necessary step to understand changes associated with aging. This study assessed whether diets with different fat quality and supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) affect the metabolomic profile in urine analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy from elderly people., Methods: Ten participants received, in a cross-over design, four isocaloric diets for 4-week periods each: Mediterranean diet supplemented with CoQ (Med + CoQ diet); Mediterranean diet; Western diet rich in saturated fat diet; low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fat., Results: Multivariate analysis showed differences between diets when comparing Med + CoQ diet and saturated fat diet, with greater hippurate urine levels after Med + CoQ diet and higher phenylacetylglycine levels after saturated fat diet in women. Following consumption of Med + CoQ, hippurate excretion was positively correlated with CoQ and β-carotene plasma levels and inversely related to Nrf2, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase 1, and gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase gene expression. After saturated fat diet consumption, phenylacetylglycine excretion was inversely related to CoQ plasma level and positively correlated with isoprostanes urinary level., Conclusions: The association between hippurate excretion and antioxidant biomarkers along with the relationship between phenylacetylglycine excretion and oxidant biomarkers suggests that the long-term consumption of a Med + CoQ diet could be beneficial for healthy aging and a promising challenge in the prevention of processes related to chronic oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Alterations in the expression levels of genes and proteins involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage response underlie the phenotypic changes associated with aging. We have investigated whether the quality of dietary fat alters postprandial gene expression and protein levels involved in p53-dependent DNA repair and whether the supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 improves this situation in an elderly population., Methods: Twenty participants were randomized to receive three isocaloric diets each for 4 weeks: Mediterranean diet supplemented with Coenzyme Q10, Mediterranean diet, saturated fatty acid-rich diet. After a 12-hour fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets. Gadd45a, Gadd45b, OGG1, APE-1/Ref-1, DNApolβ, and XPC gene expression and nuclear Gadd45a, APE-1/Ref-1, and DNApolβ protein levels were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells., Results: Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean diet supplemented with Coenzyme Q10diets downregulated Gadd45a protein levels compared with the saturated fatty acid-rich diet. Moreover, Mediterranean diet supplemented with Coenzyme Q10diet evoked lower postprandial Gadd45a, Gadd45b, XPC, DNApolβ and OGG1 gene expression and lower APE-1/Ref-1 and DNApolβ protein levels than the saturated fatty acid-rich diet., Conclusions: Our results support a beneficial effect of Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean diet supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 on DNA damage as compared to the detrimental action of a saturated fatty acid-rich diet, which triggers the p53-dependent DNA repair machinery., (© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We have investigated whether the quality of dietary fat and supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ) modifies expression of genes related with inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress in elderly persons. Twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each: Mediterranean diet + CoQ (Med + CoQ), Mediterranean diet (Med), and saturated fatty acid-rich diet (SFA). After 12-hour fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets. Med and Med + CoQ diets produced a lower fasting calreticulin, IL-1b, and JNK-1 gene expression; a lower postprandial p65, IKK-b, MMP-9, IL-1b, JNK-1, sXBP-1, and BiP/Grp78 gene expression; and a higher postprandial IkB-a gene expression compared with the SFA diet. Med + CoQ diet produced a lower postprandial decrease p65 and IKK-b gene expression compared with the other diets. Our results support the anti-inflammatory effect of Med diet and that exogenous CoQ supplementation in synergy with a Med diet modulates the inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress.