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Health is critical to a country's human capital and economic development. By working more hours, earning more discretionary money, and investing more in human development, a healthy individual contributes more to his own and the country's economies. Health expenditures are those that are spent on the protection and promotion of one's health. Obesity is bad for people's health, health-care costs, and the economy. The high expense of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease put a pressure on health budgets as the number of people with a high BMI rises. Obese persons utilize health services more frequently, have more procedures, and fill more prescriptions than those of normal weight. Because of rising health issues such as obesity and metabolic illnesses, rising consumer expectations from life, and rising consumer knowledge of good nutrition, there has been a growth in the production and consumption of functional foods in recent years. As a result, customers have learned to anticipate that meals would provide them with more than just nutritional value. The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of fermented food intake and knowledge on health expenses as well as the economic impact of these expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of health expenditure and population over 65 years on economic growth in Turkey by using ARDL approach and estimation methods of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR over the periods of 1979-2015. In the study, endogenous growth model is used in order to relate human capital accumulation and health expenditure. Empirical results show that there are positive and statistically significant relations between per capita health expenditure and economic growth. However, emprical findings related to the effect of population over 65 years on per capita income do not seem to support similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of health expenditure and population over 65 years on economic growth in Turkey by using ARDL approach and estimation methods of FMOLS, DOLS and CCR over the periods of 1979-2015. In the study, endogenous growth model is used in order to relate human capital accumulation and health expenditure. Empirical results show that there are positive and statistically significant relations between per capita health expenditure and economic growth. However, emprical findings related to the effect of population over 65 years on per capita income do not seem to support similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]