1. Autocrine CCL3 and CCL4 Induced by the Oncoprotein LMP1 Promote Epstein-Barr Virus-Triggered B Cell Proliferation
- Author
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Sue-Jane Lin, Huan Yun Chen, Ya Chi Huang, Cheau Jye Lin, Te Huei Yeh, Ching-Hwa Tsai, Meng You Lu, Jiun Han Lin, Shu Chun Tsai, Ya Ching Chou, Mei-Ru Chen, and Li-Min Huang
- Subjects
Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Chemokine ,Immunology ,CCL3 ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,Small hairpin RNA ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Virology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Chemokine CCL4 ,Autocrine signalling ,Cell Proliferation ,Chemokine CCL3 ,B-Lymphocytes ,Cell growth ,JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,hemic and immune systems ,respiratory system ,Epstein–Barr virus ,Virus-Cell Interactions ,Insect Science ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) alters the regulation and expression of a variety of cytokines in its host cells to modulate host immune surveillance and facilitate viral persistence. Using cytokine antibody arrays, we found that, in addition to the cytokines reported previously, two chemotactic cytokines, CCL3 and CCL4, were induced in EBV-infected B cells and were expressed at high levels in all EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Furthermore, EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-mediated Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation was responsible for upregulation of CCL3 and CCL4. Inhibition of CCL3 and CCL4 in LCLs using a short hairpin RNA approach or by neutralizing antibodies suppressed cell proliferation and caused apoptosis, indicating that autocrine CCL3 and CCL4 are required for LCL survival and growth. Importantly, significant amounts of CCL3 were detected in EBV-positive plasma from immunocompromised patients, suggesting that EBV modulates this chemokine in vivo . This study reveals the regulatory mechanism and a novel function of CCL3 and CCL4 in EBV-infected B cells. CCL3 might be useful as a therapeutic target in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases and malignancies.
- Published
- 2013
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