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The HIV reservoir, which comprises diverse proviruses integrated into the genomes of infected, primarily CD4+ T cells, is the main barrier to developing an effective HIV cure. Our understanding of the genetics and dynamics of proviruses persisting within distinct CD4+ T cell subsets however remains incomplete. Using single-genome amplification we characterized subgenomic proviral sequences (nef region) from naive, central memory, transitional memory and effector memory CD4+ T cells from five HIV-infected individuals on long-term cART, and compared these to HIV RNA sequences isolated longitudinally from archived plasma collected prior to cART initiation, yielding HIV datasets spanning a median 19.5 (range 10-20) years per participant. We inferred a distribution of within-host phylogenies for each participant, from which we characterized proviral ages, phylogenetic diversity and genetic compartmentalization between CD4+ T cell subsets. While three of five participants exhibited some degree of proviral compartmentalization between CD4+ T cell subsets, combined analyses revealed no evidence that any particular CD4+ T cell subset harbored the longest-persisting, most genetically diverse and/or most genetically distinctive HIV reservoir. In one participant, diverse proviruses archived within naive T cells were significantly younger than those in memory subsets, while for three others we observed no significant differences in proviral ages between subsets. In one participant, "old" proviruses were recovered from all subsets, and included one sequence, estimated to be 21.5 years old, that dominated (>93%) of their effector memory subset. HIV eradication strategies will need to overcome within- and between-host genetic complexity of proviral landscapes, possibly via personalized approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]