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We sought to create and describe a self-made simulator designed and created for teaching purposes: a high-fidelity ultrasound phantom for demonstrating antral follicle count, ultrasound supervision of controlled of ovarian stimulation, and ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval.

Three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasonography with spatio-temporal image correlation (4D-STIC) allows obtaining fetal cardiac volumes and their static and real-time analysis in multiplanar and rendering modes. Cardiac biometrics and Doppler-echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of fetal heart function, including cardiac output and stroke volume, can be analyzed using M-mode, two-dimensional (2D), and 3D/4D cardiac ultrasound. In recent years, functional echocardiography has been used to study fetuses without a structurally cardiac defect but who are at risk of heart failure due to the presence of extra-cardiac conditions, such as, fetal growth restriction, tumors/masses, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, fetal anemia (Rh alloimmunization), congenital infections, or maternal diabetes mellitus. The assessment of cardiac function provides important information on hemodynamic status and can help optimize the best time for delivery and reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Since 2003, with the advent of the 4D-STIC software, it is possible to evaluate the fetal heart in multiplanar, and rendering modes. This technology associated with virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) enables determining the ventricular volume (end-diastole, end-systole), the stroke-volume, the ejection fraction, and the cardiac output of each ventricle. Since 2004, several studies demonstrated that the 4D-STIC and VOCAL had good reproducibility to measure cardiac volumes This study reviews published studies that evaluated the fetal cardiac function by 3D ultrasound using 4D-STIC and VOCAL software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare and complex congenital heart disease. It essentially occurs with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance, in which the great vessels become parallel. Cases of corrected transposition of the great arteries are more frequently associated with other cardiac anomalies. In the fetus, corrected transposition of the great arteries may not be diagnosed on obstetric cardiac ultrasound, especially in the absence of other cardiac malformations (isolated corrected transposition of the great arteries). In this manuscript, we describe a case of isolated corrected transposition of the great arteries diagnosed in utero, and highlight the clues to make this diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital megalourethra is abnormal dilation of the penile urethra due to aplasia of erectile tissue, leading to lower urinary tract obstruction. This condition should be considered when fetal penis with typical dilation is seen on prenatal scan. The dilated structure, however, can be easily missed or misinterpreted as the umbilical cord. Perinatal prognosis is poor due to direct consequences on urinary and respiratory systems, or due to severe associated anomalies. A large number of survived cases experience urinary sequelae and renal impairment. We report one case of fetal congenital megalourethra diagnosed at 17 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish reference charts for fetal biometric parameters in a non-selected risk population from Uberaba, Southeast of Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed among 5656 non-selected risk singleton pregnant women between 14 and 41 weeks of gestation. The ultrasound exams were performed during routine visits of second and third trimesters. Biparietal diameter (BPD) was measured at the level of the thalami and cavum septi pellucidi. Head circumference (HC) was calculated by the following formula: HC = 1.62*(BPD + occipital frontal diameter, OFD). Abdominal circumference (AC) was measured using the following formula: AC = (anteroposterior diameter + transverse abdominal diameter) x 1.57. Femur diaphysis length (FDL) was obtained in the longest axis of femur without including the distal femoral epiphysis. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was obtained by the Hadlock formula. Polynomial regressions were performed to obtain the best-fit model for each fetal biometric parameter as the function of gestational age (GA). Results: The mean, standard deviations (SD), minimum and maximum of BPD (cm), HC (cm), AC (cm), FDL (cm) and EFW (g) were 6.9 ± 1.9 (2.3 -- 10.5), 24.51 ± 6.61 (9.1 -- 36.4), 22.8 ± 7.3 (7.5 -- 41.1), 4.9 ± 1.6 (1.2 -- 8.1) and 1365 ± 1019 (103 -- 4777), respectively. Second-degree polynomial regressions between the evaluated parameters and GA resulted in the following formulas: BPD = --4.044 + 0.540 x GA -- 0.0049 x GA² (R² = 0.97); HC= --15.420 + 2.024 GA -- 0.0199 x GA² (R² = 0.98); AC = --9.579 + 1.329 x GA -- 0.0055 x GA² (R² = 0.97); FDL = --3.778 + 0.416 x GA -- 0.0035 x GA² (R² = 0.98) and EFW = 916 -- 123 x GA + 4.70 x GA² (R² = 0.96); respectively. Conclusion: Reference charts for the fetal biometric parameters in a non-selected risk population from Uberaba, Southeast of Brazil, were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses uterine fibroids have common benign neoplasms with a higher prevalence in reproductive-age women; 20%–50% have symptomatic and require treatment. Topics include histological changes occur simultaneously, altering the elasticity and vascularization of the fibroid tissue; and emerging as a safer and more effective treatment option, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) consists of ultrasound-guided insertion.