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This review presents the extent to which engagement in research and new developments in clinical practice alike have contributed to the establishment and development of the primary vision care profession in New Zealand that is Optometry. Many notable changes have occurred in the scope of practice of the profession over the past three decades and an important role of visual neuroscience, neurobiology and pharmaceuticals allowed the introduction of therapeutic prescribing responsibilities to a previously optics dominated profession. Scientific, optometric, medical and clinical research are factors leading the changes in scope of practice of Optometrists. These advancements have significantly expanded the scope of practice since Optometry training began in the 1960s, and has been supported by close working relationships with other health professionals in New Zealand. This article describes the history of Optometry in New Zealand from early practitioners, to the establishment of a degree programme at the University of Auckland. Along with undergraduate teaching, a strong tradition of vision science research has established New Zealand as a centre of internationally recognised expertise in a range of areas including myopia and visual neuroscience. The Optometry profession has developed to deliver primary eye care at a community level across the country in a range of areas of special interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]