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The present study analysed the reproductive biology of Callinectes danae and Callinectes ornatus, which are captured as by-catch from pink-shrimp trawling in Guanabara Bay. The size at gonadal maturity was 79.9 mm and 67.4 mm respectively, for C. danae and C. ornatus. The pattern of reproduction was continuous for both species; however, the gonadosomatic index analyses showed seasonal and alternating reproductive peaks in the bay. While C. danae showed reproductive peaks in the autumn and in the winter, C. ornatus showed an apparent reproductive peak in the summer and probably another in the spring. The sex-ratio of C. danae was significantly skewed in favour of females (3.0:1). However, in C. ornatus, males predominated (1.2:1). This reproductive pattern indicated that possibly the females of C. danae return to the estuary after spawning where trawling takes place, while ovigerous females of C. ornatus migrate to adjacent coastal areas around the bay. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]