The smallest fish of the Mediterranean Sea, pygmaean goby, Pomatoschistus nanus , and Massuti's goby, Buenia massutii , were obtained from new locations. While P. nanus specimens were collected from both the north-eastern and south-eastern Aegean Sea, B. massutii specimens were collected from two different sub-basins, Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea, representing the first report of this species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The species were identified by both morphological and molecular techniques. The present paper contributes to filling gaps in the knowledge of the limited distribution of these species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]