Search

The biggest problem of livestock in Turkey is the lack of quality roughage despite the high number of animals. Due to the fact that, plants grown for different purposes should also be included in the rations. Sweet corn whose cultivation area is increasing, harvested the milk stage period and 61-73% of green portionr emains, This remaining green portion is a good silo material but contain low protein. In this study, the effect of alfalfa (100%M, 100%Y, 75%M+25%Y, 50%M+50%Y, 25%M+75%Y) silage quality of alfalfa added to sweet corn in different ratios was examined. Dry matter content, pH, fleig score, crude protein ratio, organic acids, relative feed value (RFV), calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus, total phenolic, anti-radical activity, total flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were determined in silage materials. The highest crude protein was obtained from pure alfalfa silage (26.74%). According to Fleig scores, the highest values were obtained for sweet corn (99.69), 75%M+25%Y (95.96) and 50%M+50%Y (90.45) mixed silages. RFV of silages varied between 87.74 and 148.45. The lactic acid content varied between 1.94% and 3.47%. Silages were found to be high in terms of secondary metabolite content, which is important for animal nutrition. The nutrient contents of all treatments were at a level to meet the needs of the animals. As a result, it was determined that alfalfa added to corn silage improved silage quality. In addition, considering all the features, it has been determined that the mixture of 75%M+25Y is better than the other processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in 2020 to determine the silage quality of 5 different switchgrass (Alamo, Cave in Rock, Cloud Nine, Kanlow and Shawnee) grown in Bingol University Agricultural Research and Application Area. The plants were harvested 10-15 days after the flowering period, the fragmented plant samples were filled into plastic drums and left to fermentation for 45 days at room temperature. In silage materials; physical score, dry matter ratio, pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), digestible dry matter (DRM) ratio, dry matter intake (DMI) ratio, relative feed value (RFV), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), lactic acid (LA) and propionic acid (PA) contents were examined. According to the results of the research, it was found statistically significant at the p≤0.01 level among the switchgrass cultivars in all of the examined characteristics. Accordingly, the varieties; between 7-11 points in terms of physical score, 40.21-47.21% dry matter rate, 4.32-4.59% pH value, 40.72-49.67% ADF rate, 55.6563.65% NDF rate, ADL rate 12.50-15.07%, crude protein rate 4.82%-8.42%, digestible dry matter rate 50.20-57.17%, dry matter intake rate 1.90-2.17%, relative feed value 73.35-95.57, AA ratio 0.70-1.38%, BA ratio 0.02-0.29%, LA ratio 1.001.86% and PA ratio between 0.012-0.034% detected. According to the data obtained from this research, it was determined that the best quality silage could be obtained from Cloud Nine cultivar in switchgrass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the effect of ozone treatments on the quality and microbial load of fresh-cut leek cv. 'Lincoln' during cold storage were investigated. Harvested leek samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and divided into 3 groups for treatments. After fresh-cut processes, ozone treated (1 and 2 ppm) and control samples were packaged in polystyrene foam tray covered with stretch film (16 µ) and stored for 30 days at 0 ± 1 ° C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH). Some quality analysis including weight loss (%), pseudo stem firmness (N) and colour (L*,C*and h°), total soluble solids (%), respiration rate (mL CO2 kg-1h-1), titratable acidity (g 100 mL-1), microbial load and sensory evaluation were performed at 6 day intervals during storage. Ozone treatments decreased weight loss of fresh-cut leeks compared to control. In the present study, the pseudo stem firmness in all treatments decreased with increasing storage time. The 2 ppm ozone was the best treatment for suppressing respiration rate and maintaining TA of leek during cold storage, although the effect of treatments on TA was not statistically significant. 2 ppm ozone treated leeks had lower yeast, mold and bacteria counts compared to other treatments. As a result, it was determined that fresh-cut leek stems treated with ozonated water (1-2 ppm) could be stored for 30 days at 0 ± 1 ° C and 90 ± 5% RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many parameters which are affected the herbal products quality. It was aimed to determine the effects of location and harvesting time on essential oil content of rosemary and some quality parameters of the oil. Plant materials were harvested one month intervals during two years (2018-2019) at three different location on Mediterrenean region, this region is main wild growing area for rosemary. Essential oil content, refractive index, optical activity and specific gravity analyzes were carried out for these plant materials. While, location has statistically significant effect on all quality parameters, harvesting time has important effect essential oil content and optical activity parameters. In terms of essential oil ratio, which is one of the important quality parameters of rosemary, the highest essential oil content was determined the plant harvested from Adana-Karaisalı according to location. And, the highest volatile oil content was obtained at the samples collected in July with respect to harvesting time. As a result, in order to determine the appropriate harvest time for each location should be evaluated before rosemary processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new varieties when reached the farmes with the recommended cultivation techniques can increase both yield and net income. Agronomy packages for newly released varieties is also important for above given targets. For this purpose, newly improved two-row Akar and Burakbey feding barley varieties were tested for various sowing ratios (i.e.300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 grains m-2). Field trials were carried out at the Gölbaşı/İkizce Research Station of Field Crops Central Research Institute (TARM) Directorate, in the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 crop growing seasons under cereals-fallow crop rotation. Field trials were set up employing randomized block design with three replications for each variety. The optimum sowing rates for varieties were estimated referring the yield, yield components, some of quality parameters, physical yield and seed production of the cultivars. It was concluded that, the number of seeds highest grain yield (430.30 kg da-1) for Akar was 700 seeds m-2 and the economic optimum rate was 569.57 seeds m-2, 600 and 700 seeds m-2 for Burak bey resulted in 531.21 and 546.13 kg da-1 grain yields respectively. Economic optimum rate was 584.98 seeds m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality changes of three different fish species (local salmon: YS, bream: Ç, sea bass: L) were examined at 0., 2., and 4. days with the help of some physical parameters that were rarely studied and were not much included in the literature. In this context, the electrical conductivity value (mS cm-1 ) of the samples increased between 9.52% and 104% depending on the samples and storage. Surface tension values decreased by increasing the storage time. In Ç samples, this value declined rapidly from 42.56 mN m-1 to 16.20 mN m-1 on the second day of storage (p <0.05). The dielectric loss factor (ε″) increased in all samples depending on the analysis period. According to the sensory evaluation results, while the Ç and L samples are considered as non-consumable as of the second day, it has been observed that the dielectric loss factor of these samples increased from 419.72 to 491.07 and from 408.21 to 430.7, respectively. On the other hand, no significant results were obtained with particle size (PB) and polydispersity index (PDI) values. Commonly used pH analysis results have been found to confirm these changes as pH values increased by increasing storage times. In this context, the results of this study have shown that the quality of the rapidly perishable products can be successfully demonstrated with different and fast innovative analysis methods. Moreover, a novel study has been presented that is also a guide for other studies and the food processing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of current study was to determine silage quality traits of leafy “L” and semi-leafy “SL” forage pea varieties (Pisum arvense L) and annual ryegrass “R” (Lolium multiflorum var. westervoldicum L.) mixtures (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100%). The harvested materials were chopped in size of 2 cm, and they filled into vacuum bags, and then let for fermentation at 25±2 oC for 45 days. In this study; dry matter, pH, crude protein, crude ash, some organic acids, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and cobalt (Co) contents were determined. The highest crude protein content was determined sole forage pea silages (16.31% and 15.73%) and 80L+20R% (15.58%) mixture. According to the Flieg score, leaf forage pea (97.51) and 80L+20R% (99.19) silages have the highest value and, they were in very good quality class. ADF and NDF content of silages ranged between 25.87-30.24% and 34.55-45.53%, respectively. The highest lactic acid was determined in 100R% (4.448%), 80L+20R% (4.250%), 40L+60R% (3.523%) and 20L+80R% (3.885%). The mineral content of silages were at a level to meet the needs of the livestock. As a result, it was determined that the mixture of leafy forage pea and ryegrass 80+20% silage was better in terms of silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality standards of cotton need to be determined over the years. Because cotton is an industrial product, so it is very important that the yield is high and the quality characteristics are at the desired standard. This study was carried out to determine the quality standards of cotton samples taken from 21 ginning factories producing in Şanlıurfa in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The analysis of the samples were made in Şanlıurfa Commodity Exchange. In particular, quality standards such as LEN (length), STR (strength), ELG (elongation), + B (yellowness), TR-CNT (trash count) and TR-GRADE (trash grade) have been analyzed. As a result, the investigated features remained below the standards in percentage. Among the ginning systems, it has been determined that the effect of sawgin machines on cotton quality properties is better and should be preferred. Findings obtained from this study may be a guide for future studies to eliminate some of the problems about cotton standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for roughage required for animals are provided from meadows and pastures and sources such as fresh forage, hay, silage and haylage obtained from field agriculture. In periods when the weather is hot, meadow-pastures come to the fore as the source of roughage, and as the weather begins to cool, silage has become common. The aim of current study was to determine the fermentation traits of sole and binary mixtures (80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80%) of forage pea “FP” (Pisum arvense L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) “O”. Plants were harvested and chopped in size of 2 cm in size. Then, they were filled in plastic bags according to the mixture ratios, and stored at 25 ± 2 °C for 45 days. End of the 45. day, silo samples were investigated for dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein ratio, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic/acetic acid ratio, and some mineral nutrients (potassium, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, and iron). According to the Flieg score, silages have the highest value excepted sole forage pea and, they were in good quality class of silage. The highest crude protein content was determined in sole forage pea (19.36%), 80FP+20O% (17.91%) and 60FP+40O% (17.61%). The ratio of lactic/acetic acid, which is the stimulant of fermentation development and reveals the homofermentative character, was determined in the mixture of 9.455% with in 60FP+40O%. Mineral nutrients in all treatments were found within the livestock requirement excepted sole silages. As a result, it was determined that the mixture of forage pea and oat 80+20% and 60+40% silages were better in terms of silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, farmers have started to give importance to silage production of solve the roughage problem. Although corn is generally preferred for silage production, there has been an increase in the silage production of mixtures of different plants in recent years. The aim of the current study was to determine the silage quality of mixtures (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80%) of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) "C" white clover (Trifolium repens L) "WC", and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) "OG". Plants were harvested and chopped in size of 2 cm in size. Then, they were filled in vacuum bags and stored at 25 ± 2 oC for 45 days. End of the 45th. day, silo samples were investigated for dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein ratio, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid ratios with potassium, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum contents. The Flieg score of the silages ranged from 75.60 to 99.62, and the silages were good and very good in the quality class. The highest crude protein content was determined in sole white clover (19.11%), 40C+60 WC% (18.26%), and 20C+80WC% (18.39%), while the lowest was 12.11% (100 OG %). Acetic and butyric acid ranged between 0.048-0.224% and 0.002-0.015%, respectively. The highest lactic acid was determined 3.088% (100 OG %), 2.925% (20C+80OG %), 2.739% (20C+80WC %), and 2.811% (40C+60WC %). Chicory and white clover mixtures showed superior performance in terms of mineral contents. Accordingly, when all silage quality properties are evaluated together; it was found that silages obtained from the mixture of 40:60 and 20:80 of chicory and white clover are better than the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in order to establish source material with selected silage quality values of maize lines for hybrid maize breeding researches. Silage experiment was established using number of 17 inbred lines as a starting material in the study. The NDF, ADF, crude fiber, crude protein and crude oil values of the silage were analyzed, in terms of leaf/stem ratio, stem/plant ratio, ear/plant ratio, green plant yield as well as silage quality analyzes. Number of 9 lines was selected, according to the green plant yield and quality parameters. These lines were made with half diallel hybrids and they were taken to the silage yield experiment and the silage quality values were examined and selected 15 hybrid combinations. Recombination block was created with 15 selected hybrids and ADASLJSYN synthetic population was obtained as starting material at harvest. A cycle of population breeding was initiated in starting material. The green plant yield, NDF, ADF, ADL and crude cellulose were 57.14-102.00 t ha-1, 38.0-43.1%, 26.4- 32.8%, 0.8-7.65% and 9.3-22.5% in selected families, respectively. Recombination block was established with selected S1 families. ADASLJSYN synthetic silage material was obtained at harvest. The synthetic populations have been used as donor and source material for obtaining DH lines and inbred lines since 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) doses on the quality changes of apple cv. Granny Smith during cold storage and shelf life. Apples, harvested at commercial harvest stage, were treated with three different 1-MCP doses (325 ppb, 475 ppb and 625 ppb). Reference dose (RD) of 1-MCP (SmartfreshTM), used commercially since its discovery, and control treatments were also used in trials. After treatments, apples were packaged in plastic boxes and stored at 0 ± 0.5? and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 6 months in normal atmosphere conditions. After cold storage, apples were kept at 20°C and 60 ± 5% RH during 7 days for shelf life studies. Similar results were obtained from D3 and RD treatments in terms of reducing weight loss, limiting acidity loss and maintaining flesh firmness. D3 and RD treatments were the most effective treatments for suppressing ethylene production and respiration rate of apples. All 1-MCP treatments retarded quality losses of apples compared to control group in both conditions. Reference dose and D3 gave similar and the best results according to all quality parameters. Apples treated with reference dose and D3 could be stored 6 months plus 7 days. Lower dose treated apples and control group could be stored 5 months +7 and 4 months +7 days, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in four replicates according to the trial pattern of missing blocks between November 2010 and December 2012 in order to determine the compatibility and quality characteristics of some cool season turf grasses in Samsun ecological conditions. In the study, 38 cool season cultivars belonging to Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata, Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra, Festuca rubra trchophyla, Festuca ovina L., Poa pratensis L., Poa trivialis L., Agrostis stolonifera L. and Agrostis tenuis Sibth. species were used. In the first year, emergence speed and covering speed, second year covering degree, regeneration power, winter resistance and green mass yield observations and measurements were taken. L. perenne and F. arundinacea for emergence speed, covering speed and grade; F. rubra trichophyla for regeneration power; F. rubra trichophyla, Agrostis sp. and F. arundinacea for resistance to winter conditions; Poa sp. for low yield of green mass are prominent. It is desired that the seeds planted in the grassland will germinate and covered the area rapidly, be affected by the adverse conditions as little as possible, have high regeneration power and low green mass efficiencies in order to reduce maintenance costs. It does not seem possible to find all of these features in a single species or variety. Therefore, it is concluded that it is very important to prepare mixtures suitable for the region conditions in order to reach the results closest to the desired properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out to examine the tuber yield and quality characteristics of 5 different fodder beets (Rota, Brigadier, Feldherr, Nedimbey, Rekord Poly) under Bingöl conditions. The research was established in the trial field of Bingöl University Genç Vocational School Application and Research area during the 2018 growing period. The study was carried out with randomized block design with four replications. In the research; tuber length, tuber diameter, fresh tuber yield, dry tuber yield, crude ash ratio, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM) ratio, dry matter intake (DMI) rate and relative feed value (RFV) of fodder beets were examined. According to the results of the research; tuber length 16.50-23.08 cm, tuber diameter 7.08-8.50 cm, fresh tuber yield 7106.0-10587.0 kg da-1, dry tuber yield 997.78-1330.80 kg da-1, crude ash ratio 1.48-1.95%, crude protein ratio 4.87-6.03%, crude protein yield 50.35-65.29 kg da-1, ADF ratio 8.85- 9.95%, NDF ratio 13.88-15.80%, DDM ratio 81.15-82.01%, DMI ratio 7.65-8.69% and RFV ranged from 481.45-552.19. The highest fresh tuber and crude protein yields were obtained from Brigadier and Rekord poly varieties. According to these results; it is suggested that these two varieties can be grown in Bingöl and similar ecologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, it was aimed to determine the quality characteristics of 10 different oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars grown under Kahramanmaraş ecological conditions. The research was carried out in 2016 in the trial area of Kahramanmaraş East Mediterranean Transitonal Zone Agricultural Research of Institute. In the experiment, Coral, 13 TR 001, P64G46, Saray, LG 5580, Bosfora, SY Cadix, Goldsun, P 64 LL 05 and Tarsan 1018 oilseed sunflower varieties were used. Oil ratio, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmiteloic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic (gadoleic) acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid ratio, O/L (oleic acid/linoleic acid) ratio, one of the oil stability criteria, iodine value ((%P x 1.001) + (%O x 0.899) + (%L x 1.814)), U/S (unsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids) ratio of oil quality factors, hundred seed weight and grain yield were investigated. According to the results, the difference between varieties was found to be very important for all of the traits studied. The data of the study showed that the varieties have oil ratio between 38.12% - 43.55%, oleic acid content between 46.96 % - 86.38%, linoleic acid content between 7.45% - 44.92%, linolenic acid content between 0.205% - 0.307% and grain yield between 1782 - 3178 kg ha-1. In the variety of Tarsan 1018, which has the highest oil rate with 43.55%; stearic acid (4.20%), linoleic acid (0.307%) are highest, while U/S ration (8.81%) and grain yield (1782 kg ha-1) were lowest. Grain yield (3178 kg ha-1), linoleic acid (44.92%) and iodine value (123.79) were the highest in P64G46 variety. However, in 13 TR 001 variety, heptadesenoic acid (0.099%), oleic acid (86.38%), eidosenoic acid (0.224%), lignoseric acid (0.340%), O/L ratio (11.71%) ve U/S ratio (11.93%) were highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different postharvest treatments (putrescine, nitric oxide, oxalic and salicylic acid) on storage quality of plum cv. Black Diamond during storage. For this purpose, plums harvested at optimum stage, were treated (dipped in an aqueous solution) with salicylic acid (SA) (1.5 mM, 10 min), putrescine (PUT) (2 mM, 6 min), oxalic acid (OA) (5 mM, 3 min) and nitric oxide (NO) (1 mM, 3 min). After treatments, plums were placed in modified atmosphere packages (MAP) and stored at 0°C and 90±5% relative humidity (RH) for 100 days. Some physical and chemical analysis (weight loss, fruit flesh firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, respiration rate, ethylene production and sensory analysis) were determined initially and at 20 day-intervals. After cold storage, fruit were kept at room conditions for 5 days and all analyses were repeated for shelf life investigations. All treatments were effective for maintaining fruit quality of Black Diamond plum throughout storage compared to control groups. The effects of postharvest treatments on reducing ethylene production and respiration rate and maintaining fruit firmness and sensory quality were more noticeable than the effects on the other examined quality criteria. As a result, when all the quality criteria are taken into account; it was determined that salicylic acid treatment prolonged the storage period for 20 days in Black Diamond plum. These results suggest that these substances obtained from plants (SA, PUT and OA) can be used successfully to maintain quality and, to extend storage life of Black Diamond plum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review are including functions of the B element in plant; transportation from soil or leaves, transportation inside the plant and usage of boron especially in strawberry cultivation. The interaction of soil, plant and boron are tried to explaining with literature studies by doing in these content. The absorption of boron has been changed by species, because of disregarding of this situation, some scientific research are reached to contradictory and unexplainable results. Also, it is noticed some mistake about bor usage as empirical in practice. The review is comprised of especially strawberry and other fruit species. It is emphasized that more efficient results in soil applications than foliar applications due to transportation of boron by xylem in strawberry. Also, studies are noticed by showing the efficient of boron against different stress condition which being important problem in these days. Because of the very narrow range of optimum boron level, doses studies should be conducted carefully to avoid reaching toxic and deficient level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac Disease is a chronic istestinal disease where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in people with gluten intolerance. The only treatment for celiac disease is lifelong adherence to gluten-free diet. Thus, people with celiac disease are strictly forbidden to consume wheat and wheat products. It is imperative to produce glutenfree bread for celiac disease patients as bread is an essential part of the diet of our community. Gluten, available in wheat flour, is the main component that regulates the dough and bread formation and that determines the quality of the bread. Gluten makes wheat bread sizable and stretchy as well as with a unique flavor and odor. The inability to replace gluten in bread makes gluten-free bread production almost impossible. Gluten-free cereals and legume flours or starches like rice, corn, soy beans, peanut and chickpea as well as cereal-like products like buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth flours are used in gluten-free bread production. Besides these, several enzymes, gums, protein isolats, acids and structure providers are also added into the formula. A permanent bread formula for celiac disease still lacks. Efforts to settle challenges like lack of size and flavor, texture toughness as well as low nutritive value and rapid staling observed in the gluten-free breads are still in progress. In this study; studies to improve the quality of gluten-free bread is compiled by various researchers. In this study, we compliled studies to improve the quality of gluten-free bread by various authors. So this study tried to shed light for those who want to do further research for this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of Potassium Permanganate and modified atmosphere packing (MAP) on storage life and quality were investigated in cv. 'J.H.Hale' peach fruits. While first group included only MAP, second group of fruits were treated MAP + Potassium Permanganate. Fruits were stored at 0-10C and 90±5% relative humidity throughout 30 day. During the cooling storage period, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, wooliness and O2 and CO2 percentage in modified atmosphere packaging were determined at 10 day interval. According to the results, KMnO4 and MAP combination was effective on reducing respiration and maintenance of fruit firmness. At the end of the 30 day storage period, fruit firmness in MAP treated fruits was 3.9 kg; fruit firmness in MAP+KMnO4 treated fruits was 5.6 kg. Variations in phenolic compound content and flavonoid content (values at harvest time were respectively 282.3 mg GAE kg-1 and 232.2 mg kg-1) were slower in KMnO4 treated fruits than control group throughout storage period. KMnO4 treatment was not sufficiently effective on preventing wooliness of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the possibility of using seagrass, tea waste, sugar beet lime (şılam), pine soil, spent mushroom compost and their mixtures in different ratios with peat as casing materials. The study results showed that mixtures of seagrass, tea waste, sugar beet lime and spent mushroom compost wastes with peat is usable as casing material in mushroom cultivation. Using of different wastes alone as a casing material was not acceptable for assured yield when it was compared with peat in the study. But, mixtures of these wastes with peat increased the yield when these mixtures as casing material were used. The highest yield was obtained from seagrass + peat mixture (50% + 50%, v:v) as 21.96 kg 100kg-1 compost and sugar beet lime + peat mixture (25% + 75%, v:v) as 20.50 kg/100 kg compost, respectively in the study carried out in Bergama and Dazkırı. However, inspite of its high yield and quality potential, pine soil was not advisable and unsuitable due to its disease risk and damage to environment during collection from sources. To increase the yield and mushroom quality, different mixing ratios of these wastes with peat should be investigated in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]