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The effect of tobacco self-administration on smokers' dependence on tobacco is examined. Researchers analyze dose-response rates, and whether drug intake declines due to stimulus satiation.

The matching law states that organisms choose according to the rate of reinforcement received for each choice. An experiment was designed to investigate this connection. Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule of reinforcement, where separate concurrent schedules occured in two components. During probe tests, relative response rate favored the variable interval 40-s alternative paired with a lower valued schedule. Where the high-value alternative contained signals for reinforcer availability, the response rate during probes favored the variable-interval 40-s alternative paired with a higher valued schedule.

Response-independent food is provided to pigeons, during a dark-key phase between two multiple-schedule components, to investigate its disruptive effects on responding. In both components, responding is maintained by separate variable-interval 120-s schedules, where component one has a 2-s reinforcer and component two has a 6-s reinforcer. Although the response rate in both components fall as a function of duration and rate of response-independent food presentations, this fall is greater in component one. These findings are consistent with the behavioral momentum theory.

Food deprivation changed rate-decreasing effects of the the high doses and rate-increasing effects of the low doses, on 4 pigeons. Attainment of 80%deprivation of their laboratory free-feeding weights resulted in pecked keys under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval five minutes schedule of food presentation. Applications of these results for the study of the mechanisms responsible for altering the effects of cocaine due to food deprivation are discussed.

Loss in body-weight led to increase in resistance of rats to the reduced schedule-induced drinking by punishment showing the dependence of efficacy of the punishment on schedule-induced drinking on the degree of food deprivation in an experiment on the food-deprived rats, at 80% of their free-feeding weights. Similarity between the modification factors for the schedule-induced drinking and the operant behaviour are discussed.

Rates of lever pressing were slower for schedules that presented low rates of reinforcements than those for higher reinforcement. Rates of key pressing increased with increases in the rates of reinforcements up to a point and then reduced with the subsequent increase in the rate in rats for the water reinforcer. For food reinforcers the within-session changes in lever and key pressing were smaller for lower rates, symmetrical near the middle range for lower than the higher rate of reinforcement.

Relationship between response and reinforcement rate on variable-interval schedules was studied to show that the changes in food density changed the form of the variable-interval response function with no dependence on the elapsed session time. In another experiment using same schedules no effect of elapsed session time independent of food density was seen.

Experiments with human subjects, adult women and preschool boys, indicate food preferences influence self-control. The choice for reinforcers is influenced by the quality, frequency, amount and time delay imposed in the situation. Receipt of the most preferred food is a main factor in decisions of subjects.

Pigeons showed preferences for small term gains over the long term gains in their response choices while playing the prisoner's dilemma and other 2x2 games. Birds showed impulsiveness and preference for immediate awards, thus forgoing self-control. Implications of these results for humans and nonhumans are discussed.

Roger T. Kelleher is one of the foremost contributors to behavioral pharmacology and he also made contributions to the experimental analysis of behavior. His most significant empirical and conceptual contributions to behavior analysis came in from two domains such as conditioned reinforcement and the power of schedules of reinforcement which serve as a principal foundation for modern research and theory.

William H. Morse played an important role in the experimental analysis of behavior and he studied schedules of reinforcement to generate an in-depth analysis of the complex interactions existing when contingencies exert their control over behavior. He showed how behavior is determined by the dynamic interaction of factors brought into play by the imposition of any schedule.

Peter B. Dews played an important role in shaping the distinctive characteristics and defining the principles of the discipline of behavioral pharmacology. His research works integrated and inspired the blending of sophisticated use of behavioral and pharmacological principles together provided the force and momentum to establish and direct behavioral pharmacology for several decades.

A case study of the origins, emergence, and evolution of the term cumulative record as the name for the means by which B.F. Skinner brought his behavior under the control of his subject matter is offered. It is revealed that the term is not originally attributable to Skinner, but emerged earlier in ordinary language and in another discipline-education.

The origins of many of the basic concepts used in experimental analysis of behavior and the concept of drive, which is found largely missing from the current literature, are discussed. It is surmised that the concepts have largely arisen from the needs of the laboratory and the classroom.

The possibility of differences in rate and temporal patterning between the two types of schedule of administration of cocaine is responsible for the differences in observed patterns of tolerance are examined. The results suggest that schedule-parameter-dependent tolerance does not depend on the temporal pattern of responding engendered by fixed-ratio schedules.

A study, to determine the effect of behavioural history on response acquisition with immediate and delayed reinforcement, is conducted where rats were exposed to a six-hour response acquisition session, where presses on one lever produced water delivery immediate or after a small delay and the other lever canceled the water delivery. When water deliveries were delayed, then the response acquisition was slower.

A study conducted to describe and support a paradigm called as the molar view, that has developed within behavior analysis over the last 30 years is presented. The molar view is based on the concept of aggregated and extended patterns of behavior and can be preferred on grounds of elegance, integrative power, and plausibility.