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Since the last complete revision of Psammisia (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) in 1932 many new species, synonyms, and local treatments have been published and genetic information is slowly becoming available. This paper is based on field and herbarium observations made over a period of nearly 50 years and helps to clarify questions of typification and species relationships towards an updated revision. Emphasis is herein given to species occurring in Peru and Bolivia for which a key to the species occurring in that region is made available for the first time. Notes on the poorly understood yet historically important collections of Ruiz & Pavón, Humboldt & Bonpland, Mathews, the Schomburgk brothers, and Linden, Funck, & Schlim are provided as they refer to South American Ericaceae. Neotypes for Thibaudia formosa and Thibaudia nutans are also included. One new combination, Psammisia costeroides (Sleumer) Luteyn, is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]