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The article presents a case study of a 6-month-old sexually intact male Long-Evans rat which was presented with acute left hind limb lameness. Topics include the clinical and gross finding of the rat's condition which include ambulatory paraparesis, ataxic pelvic limb gait, and pronounced muscular atrophy, the findings on infiltration and expansion of neoplastic cells on the rat's bone marrow, and the morphologic diagnosis which conclude acute, progressive paraplegia due to B-cell lymphoma.

The article presents a case study of a 1-year old 223-kg replacement crossbreed dairy heifer submitted for necroscopy. Topics discussed include diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, B-cell lineage present in associated lymphomas, and visualizing changes in airway through videofluoroscopy.

Objective--To evaluate the clinical response rate, progression-free survival time, overall survival time, and possible prognostic factors associated with a cyclophosphamide-, vincristine-, and prednisone (COP)-based chemotherapy protocol in cats with lymphoma. Design--Retrospective case series. Animals--114 cats with lymphoma. Procedures--Medical records of cats receiving a weekly COP-based chemotherapy protocol from 1998 to 2008 at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were evaluated for information regarding signalment, anatomic site of involvement, cell morphology, treatment, and outcome. Retroviral status, baseline weight, substage, anatomic location, dose delays, dose reductions, and response to treatment were evaluated for prognostic importance. Results--The majority of cases (94 [82.4%]) were substage b, and the most common anatomic site was the gastrointestinal tract (57 [50%]). Clinical response rate after the first chemotherapy cycle was 47.4%. Response to treatment was significantly associated with progression-free survival time and overall survival time, whereas substage was significantly associated with progression-free survival time. The median progression-free survival time and overall survival time were 65.5 and 108 days, respectively. Compared with nonresponders, responders had significantly longer median progression-free survival time (364 vs 31 days) and median overall survival time (591 vs 73 days). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--Clinical response after 1 cycle of COP-based chemotherapy was predictive for progression-free survival time and overall survival time in cats with lymphoma; therefore, response after 1 cycle of chemotherapy could be used to guide decisions about further treatment. No new prognostic factors were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To assess changes in body weight, carcass quality, and fecal pathogen shedding in cull dairy cows fed a high-energy ration for 28 or 56 days prior to slaughter. Design-Randomized clinical trial. Animals-31 adult Holstein dairy cows. Procedures-Cows were randomly assigned to a control (immediate slaughter) group or a 28-day or 56-day feeding group. Cows in the feeding groups received a high-energy feed and were weighed every 7 days. Carcasses were evaluated by USDA employees. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the start and end of the feeding periods. Results-Body condition score and adjusted preliminary yield grade were significantly increased in both feeding groups, compared with values for the control group; body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were significantly increased after 56 days, but not after 28 days, compared with values for the control group. Average daily gain and marbling score were significantly lower after feeding for 28 days versus after 56 days. Prevalence of Escherichia coil O157:H7 shedding in feces decreased from 14% to 5.6%, but this difference was not significant. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that had signs of lymphoma and lame cows had a low average daily gain. Net loss was $71.32/cow and $112.80/cow for the 28-day and 56-day feeding groups, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Feeding market dairy cows improved body condition and carcass quality. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that have signs of lymphoma and lame cows might be poor candidates for reconditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective—To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of a modification of a previously evaluated combination of lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (LOPP) as a rescue protocol for refractory lymphoma in dogs. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—33 dogs with a cytologic or histologic diagrosis of lymphoma that developed resistance to their induction chemotherapy protocol. Procedures—Lomustine was administered on day 0 of the protocol. Vincristine was administered on day 0 and again 1 time on day 14. Procarbazine and prednisone were administered on days 0 through 13 of the protocol. This cycle was repeated every 28 days. Results—Median time from initiation to discontinuation of the University of Florida LOPP protocol was 84 days (range, 10 to 308 days). Overall median survival time was 290 days (range, 51 to 762 days). Overall response rate with this protocol was 61 % (20/33), with 36% (12) having a complete response and 24% (8) having a partial response. Toxicosis rates were lower than for the previously published LOPP protocol. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The University of Florida LOPP protocol may be an acceptable alternative to the mechiorethamine, vincristire, procarbazine, and prednisone protocol as a rescue protocol for dogs with lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case Description-4 adult Holstein dairy cows were examined for anorexia and decreased milk production. Clinical Findings-Clinical signs included abdominal distension, normal to decreased ruminal motility, and decreased fecal output. Hypochloremia and high BUN concentration were also noted on serum biochemical analysis. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed abnormal thickening of the abomasum with pyloric thickening and loss of the typical layered appearance of the pyloric wall. Results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates of the abnormal portion of the abomasum were compatible with a diagnosis of lymphoma in 3 cows. Outcome-The diagnosis of lymphoma involving the abomasum was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy, necropsy, or slaughterhouse reports. Two cows were euthanatized, 1 died 5 days after the diagnosis, and 1 was sent to the slaughterhouse, but the carcass was discarded because of generalized lymphoma. Clinical Relevance-Transabdominal ultrasonography is a noninvasive portable test that can be useful for the diagnosis of lymphomatous infiltration of the pyloric portion of the abomasum, which may result in obstruction.This can be especially useful to avoid unnecessary treatments when no typical signs of enzootic lymphoma are present. Percutaneous fineneedle aspiration of the abnormally thickened abomasal wall should be performed. These procedures can enable diagnosis of this neoplasm, which has a relatively poor prognosis, thus avoiding the unnecessary costs incurred by exploratory laparotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To evaluate factors associated with second remission in dogs with lymphoma retreated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) protocol after relapse following initial treatment with a first-line 6-month CHOP protocol. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-95 dogs with lymphoma. Procedures-Medical records were reviewed. Remission duration was estimated by use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors potentially associated with prognosis were examined. Results-Median remission duration after the first-line CHOP protocol was 289 days (range, 150 to 1457 days). Overall, 78% (95% confidence interval ICI], 69% to 86%) of dogs achieved a complete remission following retreatment, with a median second remission duration of 159 days (95% Cl, 126 to 212 days). Duration of time off chemotherapy was associated with likelihood of response to retreatment; median time off chemotherapy was 140 days for dogs that achieved a complete remission after retreatment and 84 days for dogs that failed to respond to retreatment. Second remission duration was associated with remission duration after initial chemotherapy; median second remission duration for dogs with initial remission duration 289 days was 214 days (95% Cl, 168 to 491 days), compared with 98 days (95% Cl, 70 to 144 days) for dogs with initial remission duration <289 days. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Findings suggested that retreatment with the CHOP protocol can be effective in dogs with lymphoma that successfully complete an initial 6-month CHOP protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To determine factors predicting survival in dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma. Design-Retrospective cohort study. Animals-i 27 dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma evaluated at 4 veterinary hospitals from 2000 to 2009. Procedures-Records were reviewed to identify dogs with completely staged high-grade multicentric lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. Data collected included signalment, history, hematologic findings, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcome. Long-term survival was defined as surviving > 2 years after diagnosis. Variables were analyzed for associations with dogs living > 2 years. Results-Among the 127 enrolled dogs, 13 (10%) survived >2 years with a median survival time of 914 days (range, 740 to 2,058 days). Survival rates at 3, 4, and 5 years were 4%, 3%, and 1%, respectively. At diagnosis, 11 of the 13 long-term survivors had a body weight 10 kg, PCV 35%, absence of ionized hypercalcemia, centroblastic lymphoma, immunophenotype B, absence of bone marrow involvement, and lymphoma stages I through IV and were not previously treated with corticosteroids.The same combination of factors was present in 26 of 114 (23%) dogs surviving ⩽ 2 years, yielding a negative predictive value of 978% for long-term survivors. Four of the 6 long-term survivors that died during the study died of another cancer; 3 of them had osteosarcoma. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Absence of the aforementioned combination of variables at diagnosis may help identify dogs with lymphoma that will not survive > 2 years. Other types of neoplasia, in particular osteosarcoma, may develop in long-term-surviving dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case Description-A 6-year-old 0.82-kg (1.8-lb) spayed female domestic ferret was evaluated because of a 1-month history of decreased activity that had progressively worsened over the past week. The ferret had previously been determined to have adrenocortical disease and was undergoing medical management for the associated clinical signs. Clinical Findings-Physical examination revealed lameness of the right hind limb with evidence of pain elicited during palpation of the right femur. Results of a CBC suggested mild anemia, and those of a serum biochemical analysis indicated a high blood glucose concentration. Radiography of the limb revealed extensive lysis of the right femur. Cytologic evaluation of a fine-needle aspirate of the bone lesion revealed a dominant plasma cell component. Plasma cell neoplasia was suspected on the basis of these findings. Treatment and Outcome-Radical right hind limb amputation with mid to caudal hemipelvectomy was performed. Histologic evaluation of the lesion allowed a diagnosis of lymphoma with plasmablastic features, and immunohistochemical testing revealed a few CD79α-postive neoplastic cells and rare BLA36-positive cells. Adjunctive antineoplastic treatment with systemically administered multidrug chemotherapy was initiated. Six months after surgery, the ferret was reevaluated, and chemotherapy was discontinued when results of clinicopathologic tests, whole body survey radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography suggested no recurrence of the disease. Clinical Relevance-The ferret appeared to cope well with radical hind limb amputation, and the chemotherapeutic protocol used was easy to administer. This treatment approach might lead to better owner and patient compliance in other cases of lymphoma in ferrets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To evaluate whether serial determinations of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in dogs with lymphoma could be used to predict outcome and assist in early recognition of disease progression. Design-Prospective cohort study. Animals-SO dogs with lymphoma. Procedures-LDH activity was determined in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma or that had not received treatment. The LDH activity was measured at time of initial diagnosis, at completion of chemotherapy, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after chemotherapy. Treatment response and recurrence were recorded. At the end of chemotherapy and at each time point thereafter, the proportion of dogs in complete remission with elevated LDH activity was compared between dogs that did or did not have recurrence within the successive 45 or 90 days. Use of the LDH activity at admission to predict disease-free and survival intervals was evaluated. Results-The proportion of dogs in complete remission with increased LDH activity at completion of chemotherapy and at 1 month after chemotherapy with recurrence during the successive 45 days was significantly higher (3/9 and 7/9 dogs, respectively) than the proportion of dogs without recurrence (0/32 and 1/26 dogs, respectively). At 3 or 6 months, only 1 dog without recurrence within 45 days had increased LDH activity. Increased LDH activity at time of diagnosis was not associated with disease-free and survival intervals. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Determination of LDH activity may help with identifying episodes of recurrence in dogs with lymphoma. Anticipation of recurrence is an appropriate reason to begin rescue treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective-To identify risk factors for development of sepsis in dogs treated with chemo- therapeutics and to evaluate the impact of sepsis on outcome. Design-Case-control study. Animals-Client-owned dogs with various cancers undergoing standard chemotherapeutic treatment at the University of Pennsylvania veterinary hospital. Procedures-39 dogs with sepsis (cases) were identified through a search of the medical record database. Controls (n = 77) were randomly selected from dogs admitted during the same time period. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, tumor type, stage, remission status, treatment phase, chemotherapeutics used, and outcome. Results-Dogs that weighed less and dogs with lymphoma were significantly more likely to become septic, compared with larger dogs or dogs with solid tumors. Septic dogs were also significantly more likely to have received doxorubicin (odds ratio [OR], 12.5; 95% confidence interval ICI], 2.4 to 66.0) or vincristine (OR, 9.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 52.0) than controls. Of the 39 cases, 28 (71.8%) were in the induction phase of their protocol, and 19 of 39 (48.7%) became septic after receiving the chemotherapeutic drug for the first time. Median survival time of the cases (253 days) was not significantly different from that of the controls (371 days). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Dogs that weighed less were at increased risk for chemotherapy-induced sepsis. Tumor type and chemotherapeutic drug used were also important risk factors. These results may lead to the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially when doxorubicin or vincristine is used in the induction phase in small dogs with lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in a female Shar-Pei cross dog. It discusses the symptoms experienced by the dog, results of its physical examination, interpretation of its radiographic images of the thorax, treatment given to the dog and characteristics of lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract.

The article presents a study on hypocobalaminemia's prevalence and prognosis found in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. It aims to asses the association of serum cobalamin to the disease outcome. According to the results, hypocabalaminemia is not common to dogs with such lymphomas. Furthermore, the study concludes the association of hypocobalaminemia to the poor outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.

Objective-To evaluate response rate and disease-free interval in dogs with relapsed or resistant lymphoma treated with actinomycin D, determine hematologic toxicoses, and identify prognostic factors associated with response to treatment. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-49 dogs with relapsed or resistant lymphoma. Procedures-Medical records were reviewed for information regarding signalment, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic testing, substage, previous chemotherapy, previous treatment with prednisone, actinornycin D dosage, number of doses administered, response, disease-free interval, and results of CBCs performed after treatment. Results-Actinomycin D was administered at a median dosage of 0.68 mg/m2 (range, 0.46 to 0.72 mg/m2), IV, every 3 weeks for 5 treatments or until disease progression. Twenty-six (53%) dogs received prednisone concurrently. Twenty (41 %) dogs had a complete remission, and median disease-free interval in these dogs was 129 days. Thrombocytopenia was the most common hematologic toxicosis In = 22 [45%]). Concurrent prednisone administration, a shorter duration of first remission, and an increased number of previous chemotherapy agents were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of responding to actinomycin D treatment. Concurrent prednisone administration and an increased number of previous chemotherapy agents were significantly associated with a shorter disease-free interval. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that administration of actinomycin D as a single agent was effective for rescue chemotherapy of dogs with relapsed or resistant lymphoma and that treatment was well tolerated, although mild thrornbocytopenia developed commonly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective—To compare response rates and remission and survival times in dogs with lymphoma treated with a continuous, multiagent, doxorubicin-based chemotherapeutic protocol or with a short-term single-agent protocol incorporating doxorubicin. Design—Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial. Animals—114 dogs with lymphoma. Procedures—Dogs were treated with a chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and prednisolone (n = 87) or doxorubicin alone (27). Results—63 of 86 (73%) dogs treated with the multiagent protocol (data on response was unavailable for 1 dog) and 14 of 27 (52%) dogs treated with the single-agent protocol had a complete remission. Dogs with lymphoma classified as substage b and dogs with a high BUN concentration at the time of initial diagnosis were significantly less likely to have a complete remission. No significant difference in remission or survival time could be demonstrated between treatment groups. Incidence of hematologic and gastrointestinal tract toxicoses did not differ between treatment groups, with the exception that vomiting was more common among dogs treated with the multiagent protocol. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this population of dogs, we were not able to identify any significant difference in remission or survival times between dogs with lymphoma treated with a continuous, multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol and dogs treated with a short-term single-agent protocol involving doxorubicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective—To compare results of treatment with temozolomide or dacarbazine, in combination with an anthracycline, in dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Design—Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals—63 dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Procedures—Chemotherapy was administered in 21-day cycles. A combination of temozolomide and an anthracycline (doxorubicin or dactinomycin) was administered to 21 dogs and a combination of dacarbazine and an anthracycline was administered to 42 dogs. Efficacy and toxicoses were assessed. Results—Thirteen of the 18 (72%) dogs treated with the temozolomide-anthracycline combination and 25 of the 35 (71 %) dogs treated with the dacarbazine-anthracycline combination had a complete or partial response. Median duration of response to rescue chemotherapy was 40 days (range, 0 to 217 days) for dogs in the temozolomide group and 50 days (range, 0 to 587 days) for dogs in the dacarbazine group. The incidence of high-grade hematologic toxicoses was significantly higher among dogs in the dacarbazine group than among dogs in the temozolomide group, but the incidence of gastrointestinal tract toxicoses was not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in regard to proportion of dogs with a complete or partial response, duration of response to rescue chemotherapy, survival time following rescue chemotherapy, or overall survival time. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both combinations had promise in the treatment of dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, although administration of temozolomide was more convenient than administration of dacarbazine and caused fewer hematologic toxicoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective—To determine whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is high in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, whether CRP concentration changes in response to chemotherapy, and whether CRP concentration can be used as a marker for relapse in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Design—Cohort study. Animals—20 dogs with multicentric lymphoma and 8 healthy control dogs undergoing chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) or with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and L-asparaginase (VCMA) and 20 other healthy dogs. Procedures—Serum CRP concentration was measured weekly during the first month of chemotherapy and then at 3-week intervals until relapse in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, weekly for 16 weeks in healthy dogs undergoing chemotherapy, and once in the healthy dogs not undergoing chemotherapy. Results—For both groups of dogs with lymphoma, mean serum CRP concentration during week 1 (prior to treatment) was significantly higher than mean concentrations following induction of chemotherapy and at the time of relapse. Mean serum CRP concentration in the healthy dogs undergoing chemotherapy was not significantly different at any time from mean concentration for the healthy dogs not undergoing chemotherapy. No significant differences were observed between dogs treated with CVP and dogs treated with VCMA. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that serum CRP concentration is high in dogs with multicentric lymphoma but that serum CRP concentration is not a useful marker for relapse and that chemotherapy itself does not affect serum CRP concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 3-year-old female domestic short-hair cat sent to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for postmortem examination. Topics covered include details relating to the cat's body condition, the histopathologic findings of the evaluated cat, and details relating to the morphologic diagnosis of the subject cat. It also discusses the results of the cat's lymphoma diagnosis.

The article presents the medical condition of a nine-year-old spayed female Miniature Schnauzer which experienced vomiting and lethargy for one week. Findings of abnormal physical examination revealed severe bilateral organomegaly on abdominal palpation, while the serum biochemical analysis showed azotemia and hyperphosphatemia. The differential diagnosis for the dog was multicentric lymphoma with infiltration of both kidneys and bilateral primary renal neoplasms with metastases.

The article presents a case study of a two-year-old male mixed-breed dog that experiences a depressed mental state, occasional vomiting, and large bowel diarrhea. It says that the dog has undergone abdominal radiography which revealed a bilateral renal enlargement, while fine-needle aspiration shows a large number of lymphoid cells. It mentions that the dog was euthanized due to its worsening clinical condition. It also discusses lymphoma, hypercalcemia, and uremic gastroenteritis in dogs.

Reports on a study on the use of Lomustine to treat cutaneous nonepitheliotropic lymphoma in a cat. Description of cutaneous lymphoma; Results on the histologic examination of skin biopsy; Efficacy of Lomustine; Dosage of the medicine; Adverse effects of the treatment.