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Introduction Optimal screening for detection of anal precancer has not been established, and most studies involve very high-risk populations. We evaluated high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and anal cytology to detect high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia ( > AIN2) in a cohort with mostly moderate risk factors for AIN. Materials and Methods Patients > 35-years-old undergoing anal biopsy for various lesions received HPV testing by Roche cobas and a subset by Hologic APTIMA HPV assays with concurrent anal ThinPrep cytology. Biopsies were blindly reviewed by 3 authors, and consensus diagnosis was compared with HPV and cytology results. Sensitivity and specificity for > AIN2 detection by HPV testing and cytology ( > ASC-US) were calculated. Results Among 64 patients, 19 (29.7%) showed > AIN2 on biopsy. All patients were tested by cobas, and 35 (54.7%) were positive. A subset of 39 patients were also tested by APTIMA, and 18 (46.2%) were positive. Positive cytology ( > ASC-US) was present in 37 (57.8%) patients, with 27 (73.0%) of these positive by cobas. HPV testing alone yielded 75.0% and 84.2% sensitivity for APTIMA and cobas, respectively; specificity was 66.7% and 57.8%. Sensitivity and specificity of cytology alone was 78.9% and 51.1%. Combined HPV testing and cytology had a sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 37.0% for APTIMA and 94.7% and 40.0% for cobas. Conclusions Combined HPV testing and cytology had the highest sensitivity for > AIN2 detection, with a performance comparable to cervical cancer screening tests, suggesting this strategy may represent a viable screening option in a population with moderate risk factors for AIN.

Introduction Previous investigations have studied the importance of imprint cytology (IC) testing of core needle biopsy (CNB) from various organs. We have presented the largest series, to the best of our knowledge, of IC testing of CNB for patients with kidney tumors. Materials and methods The present retrospective study (January 1, 2015, through January 30, 2016) identified laboratory information through a computer search of the cytology archived reports for 200 consecutive IC testing with CNB for renal tumors cases. A board-certified cytopathologist and cytology-trained fellow reviewed the IC testing and CNB slides and rendered them as nondiagnostic, positive for malignancy, negative for malignancy, positive for neoplasm, or atypical. The tumors were graded using the International Society of Urological Pathology grading system. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results The IC testing cases classified as atypical (n = 53) or positive for neoplasm (n = 28) were evaluated separately because of the ambiguous morphologic characteristics. Of the other 119 cases, IC testing classified 95 (80%) as positive for malignancy, 5 (4%) as negative for malignancy, and 19 (16%) as nondiagnostic. The corresponding CNB histologic diagnoses showed that 85 of 95 cases (89%) were true positive for malignancy. Of these 85 cases, 45 (53%) were low grade, 21 (25%) were high grade, and 19 (22%) were ungraded. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 85%, 11%, and 58%, respectively. The 53 IC-identified atypical cases were more likely to be malignant (n = 40; 75%). Of the remaining IC testing atypical cases, 12 (23%) were negative for malignancy and 1 (2%) was nondiagnostic. Of the 28 cases positive for neoplasm using IC, 13 (46%) were positive and 15 (54%) were negative for malignancy. Conclusions The relatively low diagnostic value of IC testing for renal tumors showed it to be less powerful for screening than its use in other organs.

High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genoprevalence was assessed in cytologic specimens co-tested for HR-HPV in a predominantly Midwestern U.S. population, of which there are limited current data. These baseline data will aid in determining future shifts in HR-HPV genoprevalence.A total of 40,739 cervical/endocervical samples collected in PreservCyt (ThinPrep) media at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, underwent HR-HPV co-testing between January 2014 and December 2016 in women aged 30-98 years. This included 37,656 negative for intraepithelial lesion (NIL), 1696 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 159 atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), 911 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 188 high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 129 atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) cases. Roche cobas 4800 classified HR-HPV genotypes as 16, 18, or "other" (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68).Of 40,739 co-tested specimens, 3786 were positive for at least one HR-HPV strain. "Other" only genotypes were most prevalent (74.3% of all HR-HPV cases). HPV16 and/or HPV18 were more common in the more significant diagnoses and were present in 59.1% of HSIL. HPV16-only was second most prevalent, with highest prevalence in HSIL (33.3%) and ASC-H (20.6%). HPV16 combined with "other" was third most prevalent, except in AGUS. HR-HPV (all genotypes) was most prevalent in those aged 30-39 years, decreasing with age (P0.0001). There was a trend toward HPV16 prevalence increasing with age (P = 0.4244).HR-HPV "other" combination was most prevalent in all diagnoses except HSIL, in which HPV16 and/or HPV18 (exclusive of "other" genotypes) were most prevalent.