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Diabetes self-care may become increasingly challenging as cognition declines. We sought to characterize glycated hemoglobin ARetrospective matched cohort study.Using a linkage between a primary care (Lambeth DataNet) and a secondary mental healthcare database, up to 5 individuals aged ≥65 y with preexisting T2D without dementia were matched to each individual with dementia based on age, sex, and general practice.Comparisons were made for HbAIn 725 incident dementia and 3154 matched comparators, HbAOur study has highlighted important differences in the monitoring, management, and control of diabetes in people with dementia. The effects of frailty and the extent of cognitive impairment on the ability to self-manage diabetes and on glycemic control may need to be considered in treatment guidelines and by primary care.