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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and its association with clinical parameters in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 without obesity or type 2 diabetes., Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven HCV-infected patients admitted to the Nutrition and Hepatology Clinic were included. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and Poisson regression analysis., Results: The prevalence of IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]-IR ≥ 3.0) was 37.0%. The independent predictors for IR included the following: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.5 times the upper normal limit (odds ratio [PR] = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.16-3.66; PR = 2.32, 95% CI, 1.26-4.49, respectively); gamma glutamyl transferase (γGT) ≥ 85 U/L (PR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.12-4.12); increased waist circumference (PR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.25-4.17); increased waist : hip ratio (PR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.11-5.17); increased body fat percentage (PR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.01-5.79); overweight (PR = 2.54, 95% CI, 1.40-4.82); and metabolic syndrome (PR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.69-5.44). High ALT levels and anthropometric parameters remained in the model of multivariate regression analysis., Conclusions: Our findings showed a significantly high prevalence of insulin resistance in nondiabetic, nonobese patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. High ALT levels and anthropometric parameters were significantly associated with IR after multivariate regression analysis. Our data show the importance of monitoring IR, weight, and body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nutritional management seems to be important in the control of comorbidities related to excess weight and the enhancement of therapeutic responses.