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BACKGROUND: Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are hallmarks of atherogenic dyslipidemia, and their cholesterol content is hypothesized to drive atherosclerotic risk. Prospective epidemiological data pertaining to cholesterol content of TRLs and sdLDL in primary prevention populations are mostly limited to coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-C) and small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) concentrations associate with composite and individual incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS: In a prospective case-cohort study within the Women’s Health Study, TRL-C and sdLDL-C (mg/dl) were directly measured in baseline blood specimens of case subjects (n = 480) and the reference subcohort (n = 496). Risk associations were evaluated for total CVD (MI, IS, PAD, and CVD death), coronary and cerebrovascular disease (MI, IS, CVD death), and individual outcomes (MI, IS, and PAD). Models were adjusted for traditional risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. RESULTS: The risk of both composite outcomes significantly increased across quartiles of TRL-C and sdLDL-C. TRL-C was significantly associated with MI and PAD (MI hazard ratio [HR](Q4): 3.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46 to 6.39]; ptrend = 0.002; PAD HR(Q4): 2.58 [95% CI: 1.18 to 5.63]; p(trend) = 0.019), whereas sdLDL-C was significantly associated with MI alone (HR(Q4): 3.71 [95% CI: 1.59 to 8.63]; p(trend) < 0.001). Both markers weakly associated with IS. Association patterns were similar for continuous exposures and, for TRL-C, among subjects with low atherogenic particle concentrations (apolipoprotein B

There are no large national cohorts examining the incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) among participants previously tested for PAD by ankle-brachial index (ABI) at baseline. Such data are critical as prevalent PAD often goes unrecognized. We analyzed 164,441 participants in the Veterans

Plasma biomarkers of cardiometabolic health are invaluable tools for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk stratification. Data driven patient classification may offer unbiased insights into dominant biologic risk factors that determine avenues for risk reduction. We conducted

Numerous cross-sectional studies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have identified plasma homocysteine as a potential risk factor for VTE. In contrast, prospective data are sparse with limited studies conducted among women. Given current interest in expanded indications for anticoagulation therapy, we

Background: Although the resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) is commonly used to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD), limited data suggest several indices measured after exercise may have increased sensitivity for identifying PAD. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of resting ABI