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The current study aimed to determine the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum, maize, and their mixture silages without any additives. Sorghum and maize were harvested at dough stage from a local farm in Tekirdağ. Fresh plant materials were chopped to a length of 2-3 cm and packed into polythene bags, and vacuumed. A total of 12 vacuum-packed silos (4 replications in each treatment) were prepared with sorghum (S), maize (M), and a mixture of sorghum-maize (SM) forage (w:w, 50:50 according to dry matter) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The chemical and microbiological composition of silages with the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure were evaluated. Based on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration, all silages could be classified as good quality. The water-soluble carbohydrate level of the SM group increased due to mixing S and M forages, leading to improved lactic acid content. The NDF and ADF values of silages varied between 520.52588.32 and 234.98-309.01 g kg-1, and the differences between silages were significant (P<0.01). The Hemicellulose/Cellulose ratio of S, M, and SM silages were found 0.94, 1.49, and 1.18, respectively. The lactobacilli and yeast content of silages were significant and varied between 5.18-7.41 and 5.18-7.29 log cfu g-1, and the highest and lowest values were observed in SM and S silages, respectively (P<0.01). No visible mold was detected in all silages after 5 days of aerobic exposure (P>0.05). The pH, CO2, and yeast numbers were varied in groups between 4.88-6.74, 55.71-119.33 g kg-1, and 8.40-9.01 log cfu g-1. It was concluded that it is possible to improve the nutritional and fermentation characteristics of sorghum and maize silage by ensiling their mixture. However, it is highly recommended that silage additives should be used to guarantee and strengthen the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage mostly made by a mixture of these two energetic forage crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma, yüksek nemli dane mısıra homofermantatif + heterofermantatif özelliklere sahip iki farklı inokulantın ilave edilmesinin, farklı açım dönemlerinde (15 ve 30 gün) fermantasyon ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma materyalini yaklaşık %64.84 kuru madde (KM) içeriğine sahip kırılmış yüksek nemli dane mısır oluşturmuştur. Laktik asit bakteri inokulantı olarak Pioneer 11CFT (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 55944, Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC PTA-6138) ve Lalsil combo (Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM MA 18/5U, Lactocbacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788) kullanılmıştır. İnokulant firma önerisi doğrultusunda silajlara ilave edilmiştir. Katkı maddesi ilavesinden sonra silaj örnekleri her muamele grubunda 5'er tekerrür olmak üzere plastik torbalara vakumlanarak doldurulmuştur. Paketler laboratuvar koşullarında 20 ± 2 °C sıcaklıkta depolanmışlardır. Fermantasyonun 15. ve 30. günü açılan silaj örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Açım dönemi sonrası silajlara 5 günlük aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, silolama süresine bağlı olarak silajların pH değeri, amonyağa bağlı nitrojen (NH3-N), suda çözünebilir karbonhidrat (SÇK), lactobacilli (LAB) ve maya içerikleri artarken, KM içerikleri ise düşmüştür (P< 0.001). Katkı maddesi ilaveli silajların, NH3-N, SÇK, laktik asit (LA), LAB ve maya içerikleri kontrol grubu silajlarına oranla daha yüksek, pH değerleri ise daha düşük tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). Aerobik stabilite dönemi üzerinde silolama süresi etkili olmuş, süreye bağlı olarak silajların pH değeri, karbondioksit (CO2) üretimi ve maya içerikleri düşmüştür (P<0.001). Aerobik stabilite döneminde Pioneer 11CFT inokulantı kullanılan yüksek nemli dane mısır silajlarında CO2 üretimini azaltmıştır. Katkı maddesi ilaveli silajların aerobik stabilite döneminde maya içerikleri arttırmıştır, ancak katkı maddesi ilavesi küf gelişimini ise tamamen önlemiştir. Yüksek nemli dane mısır silajlarına, katkı maddesi ilave edilmesinin özellikle küf gelişimini önlemesi araştırmanın önemli bulgulardan birisidir. This study was designed to determine the effects of adding of two different inoculants with homofermentative + heterofermentative properties to high humidity grain maize on fermentation and aerobic stability at different opening periods (15 and 30 days). Crushed high moisture grain corn with approximately 64.84% DM content constituted the research material. Pioneer 11CFT (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 55944, Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC PTA-6138), and Lalsil combo (Lactobacillus plantarum CNCM MA 18/5U, Lactocbacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788) were used as lactic acid bacteria inoculants. Inoculant was added to silages in line with the company's recommendation. After adding the additive, the silage samples were vacuum packed into plastic bags, with 5 replications in each treatment group. The bags were stored at 20±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Chemical and microbiological analyzes were made on silage samples opened on 15 and 30 days of fermentation. After the opening period, aerobic stability test was applied to the silages for 5 days. As a result of the research, pH, NH3-N, WSC, LAB and yeast contents of silages increased, while DM contents decreased (P<0.001) depending on the ensiling time. The pH (excluded), NH3-N, WSC, LA, LAB and yeast contents of the silages with additives were higher than the control silages (P<0.001). The ensiling time was effective on the aerobic stability period, and the pH, CO2, yeast contents of the silages decreased depending on the time (P<0.001). It reduced CO2 production in high moisture grain maize silages using Pioneer 11CFT inoculant during the aerobic stability period. Yeast contents of silages with additives increased during the aerobic stability period, but the addition of additives completely prevented mold growth. One of the important findings of the research is that the addition of additives to high moisture grain corn silages prevents mold growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of homofermentative and/or heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility characteristics of sunflower silages. Sunflower was harvested at the milk stage of maturity. Inoculant 1188 (Pioneer®, USA) was used as homofermentative lactic acid bacteria whereas inoculant 11A44 (Pioneer®, USA) was used as heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculant. Inoculants were applied to the silages at 6.00 log10 cfu/g levels. After treatment, the chopped whole crop sunflower was ensiled in 1.0-litre special anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid enabling gas release only. The jars were stored at 25±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group were sampled for chemical and microbiological analyses 2, 4, 8 and 60 days after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, in vitro organic matter digestibility of those silages were determined. The results revealed that homofermentative lactic acid bacteria inoculants increased the characteristics of fermentation but impaired the aerobic stability of the sunflower silages (P<0.05). However, the application of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria increased the concentration of acetic acid and the aerobic stability (P<0.05) of the sunflower silages. In vitro organic matter digestibility was numerically increased for treated than control silages (P>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]