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An attenuator is generally used to decrease the power of an X-ray beam and prevent damage to detector sensors and other optical components. Therefore, attenuators are designed using foil or gas to absorb light source power. In this project, a large aperture and a water-cooling attenuator system are construed for the TPS 31A Projection X-ray Microscope and Transmission X-ray Microscope beamline. The source size of the wiggler is 300 µm × 7 µm on TPS 31A. The X-ray beam size at the sample position is 50 mm × 20 mm, located 49.5 m from the source. The light emission power is 1000 W in white-beam operation mode. The attenuator is needed to absorb energy for the light source and it has 12 foil carriers. The absorption foil size is 56 mm × 46 mm for the beam size across different beamline operation modes, and the cooling capacity is greater than 1000 W. This study applies a magnetic coupling-type attenuator system with foil carrier cooling carried out by the side chamber walls without the feedthrough having water enter the chamber to solve the thermal dissipation issue.

This study develops and successfully demonstrates visualization methods for the characterization of europium (Eu)-doped BaAl

X-ray ptychography, a technique based on scanning and processing of coherent diffraction patterns, is a non-destructive imaging technique with a high spatial resolution far beyond the focused beam size. Earlier demonstrations of hard X-ray ptychography at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) using an in-house program successfully recorded the ptychographic diffraction patterns from a gold-made Siemens star as a test sample and retrieved the finest inner features of 25 nm. Ptychography was performed at two beamlines with different focusing optics: a pair of Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors and a pair of nested Montel mirrors, for which the beam sizes on the focal planes were 3 µm and 200 nm and the photon energies were from 5.1 keV to 9 keV. The retrieved spatial resolutions are 20 nm to 11 nm determined by the 10–90% line-cut method and half-bit threshold of Fourier shell correlation. This article describes the experimental conditions and compensation methods, including position correction, mixture state-of-probe, and probe extension methods, of the aforementioned experiments. The discussions will highlight the criteria of ptychographic experiments at TPS as well as the opportunity to characterize beamlines by measuring factors such as the drift or instability of beams or stages and the coherence of beams. Besides, probe functions, the full complex fields illuminated on samples, can be recovered simultaneously using ptychography. Theoretically, the wavefield at any arbitrary position can be estimated from one recovered probe function undergoing wave-propagating. The verification of probe-propagating has been carried out by comparing the probe functions obtained by ptychography and undergoing wave-propagating located at 0, 500 and 1000 µm relative to the focal plane.

Time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TR-XEOL) was developed successfully for the 23A X-ray nanoprobe beamline located at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The advantages of the TR-XEOL facility include (i) a nano-focused X-ray beam (

The fabrication of gold Fresnel zone plates, by a combination of e-beam lithography and electrodeposition, with a 30 nm outermost zone width and a 450 nm-thick structure is described. The e-beam lithography process was implemented with a careful evaluation of applied dosage, tests of different bake-out temperatures and durations for the photoresist, and the use of a developer without methylisobutylketone. Electrodeposition with a pulsed current mode and with a specially designed apparatus produced the desired high-aspect-ratio nanostructures. The fabricated zone plates were examined by electron microscopy and their performances were assessed using a transmission X-ray microscope. The results specifically demonstrated an image resolution of 40 nm.

Using a superconducting-wavelength-shifter X-ray source with a photon flux density of 10(11)-10(13) photons s(-1) mrad(-1) (0.1% bandwidth)(-1) (200 mA)(-1) in the energy range 5-35 keV, three hard X-ray beamlines, BL01A, BL01B and BL01C, have been designed and constructed at the 1.5 GeV storage ring of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC). These have been designed for structure-related research using X-ray imaging, absorption, scattering and diffraction. The branch beamline BL01A, which has an unmonochromatized beam, is suitable for phase-contrast X-ray imaging with a spatial resolution of 1 microm and an imaging efficiency of one frame per 10 ms. The main beamline BL01B has 1:1 beam focusing and a medium energy resolution of approximately 10(-3). It has been designed for small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission X-ray microscopy, used, respectively, in anomalous scattering and nanophase-contrast imaging with 30 nm spatial resolution. Finally, the branch beamline BL01C, which features collimating and focusing mirrors and a double-crystal monochromator for a high energy resolution of approximately 10(-4), has been designed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction. These instruments, providing complementary tools for studying multiphase structures, have opened up a new research trend of integrated structural study at the NSRRC, especially in biology and materials. Examples illustrating the performances of the beamlines and the instruments installed are presented.