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Purpose: We investigated the effects of various biochemical agents on the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)., Methods: We enrolled 70 RAS patients and 70 healthy volunteers. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected. We performed complete blood counts, then measured the levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3, T4, and 25-hydroxy D3., Results: The groups did not differ in terms of age (p = 0.912) or sex (p = 0.612). The levels of ferritin and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were significantly lower in RAS patients (both p ˂ 0.05)., Conclusion: Vitamin D and/or ferritin deficiency may induce RAS. Measurements of vitamin D and ferritin may assist diagnosis and follow-up., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The study's authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)