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Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial support through microcredit facilities has been acclaimed as instrumental in encouraging entrepreneurial activities and empowering individuals, especially women, in the process. Accordingly, Government and policy makers have initiated microcredit programmes to uplift individuals at the 'bottom of the pyramid'. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), a microcredit programme, is an example of the Indian government's initiative to promote employment and sustain the livelihood status of the above-mentioned individuals. The present study, thus, investigates the success of this microcredit scheme in creating employment and transforming livelihood status of tribal women entrepreneurs in particular. Ordered logistic regression, Wilcoxon Sign test, Effect Size test has been applied for empirical analysis. The results indicate that loan amount significantly influences employability. Also, the facility improved the livelihood of women as regards to economic, psychological and social empowerment. The study confirms that aid through microcredit has the potential of generating employment and empowering women. Further, it suggests that the government and the banking sector may improve the existing policies and take initiatives to enhance the accessibility of the scheme and create a supporting environment to assist borrowers during the initial stage of the venture through different training programmes. Le soutien financier par le biais de mécanismes de microcrédit a été salué comme moyen d'encourager les activités entrepreneuriales et d'autonomiser les individus, en particulier les femmes, dans le processus. En conséquence, le gouvernement et les décideurs politiques ont lancé des programmes de microcrédit afin d'améliorer la situation des personnes se trouvant au « bas de la pyramide ». Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), un programme de microcrédit, est un exemple de l'initiative du gouvernement indien visant à promouvoir l'emploi et à maintenir les moyens de subsistance des individus susmentionnés. De ce fait, la présente étude examine le succès de ce programme de microcrédit en termes de création d'emplois et de transformation des moyens de subsistance des femmes entrepreneurs en particulier. Une régression logistique ordinale, le test des rangs signés de Wilcoxon et un test de taille d'effet ont été appliqués pour l'analyse empirique. Les résultats indiquent que le montant du prêt influence l'employabilité de manière significative. En outre, le mécanisme améliore les moyens de subsistance des femmes en termes d'autonomisation économique, psychologique et sociale. L'étude confirme que l'aide par le biais du microcrédit a le potentiel de générer des emplois et d'autonomiser les femmes. En outre, elle suggère que le gouvernement et le secteur bancaire peuvent améliorer les politiques existantes et prendre des initiatives visant à renforcer l'accessibilité du programme et créer un environnement favorable pour aider les emprunteurs pendant la phase initiale de l'entreprise par le biais de différents programmes de formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on a survey of 1,080 women entrepreneurs, this study examines the factors that increase the entrepreneurial optimism of women entrepreneurs and strengthen the survival capacity of SMEs in Quebec. With a large sample drawn from Canada's 2011 Survey of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the T2-LEAP study (2011-2015), the authors analyze the export activity and profitability of 7,761 Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owned by women and men. Case studies from organizations that support women entrepreneurs, also corroborate the beneficial effect of investing in women entrepreneurs and imply that the return on these investments is more consistent and the risk is much lower when compared to other types of investments (Cukier, et al., [3]). Entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the economic backbones of Canada accounting for nearly ninety percent of private sector employment, and playing a crucial role in driving innovation and global competitiveness (ISED, [12]). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the influence of gender role identity (GRI) on the precursors of entrepreneurial intention (EI) of university students. Understanding the EI of university students is essential since this is the stage in life when they need to make career choices, including that of becoming self-employed. Most studies in the past have focused on examining the gender gap in entrepreneurial behavior by analyzing EI as influenced by a person's biological sex, i.e. a binary difference between men and women (e.g. man = 0, woman = 1). That approach for studying the gender gap in entrepreneurial behavior has produced inconsistent results. We argue that the discrepancies in those results are due to the over-simplistic approach involving biological sex instead of their self-perception of their gender. This study devised a mathematical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social role theory to examine the influence of GRI in shaping the EI of university students and investigate the mediating role of the TPB's constructs in the relationship. Research on EI as influenced by GRI leads to a more in-depth understanding of entrepreneurial behavior since both men and women may incorporate higher or lower levels of masculine and feminine characteristics into their self-identities. By analyzing the influence of GRI on EI, this study can explain the gender-related factors shaped by cultural and social dimensions that are absent in previous studies. One of the most important findings of this study is an understanding of the pathways by which GRI affects the EI of university students through the more proximal antecedents of EI. This new understanding can inform universities trying to increase gender equality in entrepreneurship. Cette étude examine l'influence de l'identité de rôle de genre (IRG) sur les précurseurs de l'intention entrepreneuriale (IE) des étudiants universitaires. Il est essentiel de comprendre l'IE des étudiants universitaires puisque c'est à ce stade de la vie qu'ils doivent faire des choix de carrière, y compris celui de devenir indépendant. Dans le passé, la plupart des études se sont concentrées sur l'examen de l'écart entre les sexes en matière de comportement entrepreneurial, en analysant l'IE comme étant influencé par le sexe biologique d'une personne, c'est-à-dire une différence binaire entre les hommes et les femmes (par exemple, homme = 0, femme = 1). Cette approche de l'étude de l'écart entre les sexes dans le comportement entrepreneurial a donné des résultats contradictoires. Nous soutenons que les divergences dans ces résultats sont dues à l'approche trop simpliste impliquant le sexe biologique plutôt que l'auto-perception du genre. Cette étude a conçu un modèle mathématique basé sur la théorie du comportement planifié (TCP) et la théorie du rôle social pour examiner l'influence de l'IRG dans la formation de l'IE des étudiants universitaires et le rôle médiateur des constructions de la TCP dans cette relation. La recherche sur l'IE telle qu'influencée par l'IRG permet une compréhension plus approfondie du comportement entrepreneurial puisque les hommes et les femmes peuvent intégrer des niveaux plus ou moins élevés de caractéristiques masculines et féminines dans leur identité personnelle. En analysant l'influence de l'IRG sur l'IE, cette étude peut expliquer les facteurs liés au genre façonnés par les dimensions culturelles et sociales qui sont absentes des études précédentes. L'un des résultats les plus importants de cette étude est la compréhension des voies par lesquelles l'IRG affecte l'IE des étudiants universitaires par le biais des antécédents les plus proximaux de l'IE. Cette nouvelle compréhension peut aider les universités qui tentent d'accroître l'égalité entre les sexes dans l'entrepreneuriat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study has been designed to reveal the issues that are unfavorable to both women entrepreneurs as well as financial institutions and lessen fund flow from financial institutions to women entrepreneurs. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used here. Responses from women entrepreneurs have been quantified by using four point likert scale and data have been collected through face-to-face interview. This study has revealed that collateral dispute and lengthy process, suspiciousness, preconception and conservative attitude of the employees and complicacy in loan processing limit women entrepreneurs’ access to institutional finance. Whereas, collateral dispute with women entrepreneurs, high operating cost, misuse of disbursed loan, lack of business experience and proper documents and difficulty in assessing creditworthiness of the women entrepreneurs demotivate financial institutions to supply fund to women entrepreneurs. The findings of this study will facilitate Bangladesh and other developing countries (having same nature) to set appropriate policies to enhance fund flow to women entrepreneurs with a view to encouraging women entrepreneurship and ensuring economic progress and women empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)