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On-line continuous sampling, ionic liquid-based dynamic microwave-assisted extraction high performance liquid chromatography has been developed and applied to the extraction of lipophilic constituents from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Several operating parameters were optimized by single-factor and Box- Behnken design experiments. The type and concentration of ionic liquids, power of microwave irradiation, flow rate of sample suspension, amount, and particle size of sample were investigated. The limits of detection for tanshin-one I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA are 0.014, 0.009, and 0.009 mg/g, respectively. The RSDs of interday and intraday were lower than 2.02 and 2.16%, respectively. The recoveries for target analytes were in the range of 90.7-101.8%. The homogeneity of the suspension and stability of the analytes were investigated and the results were satisfactory. The proposed method was compared with the off-line ionic liquid-based dynamic microwave-assisted extraction, off-line ethanol-based dynamic microwave-assisted extraction, ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and ionic liquid-based maceration extraction. The results indicated that the proposed method is effective for the extraction of the active components in Chinese herbal medicine and has some advantages over the other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]