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Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Open Dialogue was developed in Finland in the 1980s by clinical psychologist, Jaakko Seikkula. It is a development of family therapy, recognises previous trauma and has proven to be very effective in situations of acute mental illness, and in particular psychosis.Trauma Informed Care is a practice based on the understanding of and responsiveness to the impact of trauma. When people have experienced trauma, they may have difficulties in their everyday life and experience negative physical health outcomes as well as the risk of developing mental ill health.Open Dialogue is aligned to mental health care which aims to be trauma‐informed, person‐centred and rights‐based. Examples exist of the use of both approaches for service delivery with limited evaluation. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: To our knowledge, no formal evaluation has been made of the use of open dialogue as a Trauma Informed therapy approach to support individuals and their family networks.Although both approaches recognise the impact of trauma on individuals, no study has explored the effectiveness of this treatment combination for use by mental health nurses.This review is timely as it provides insights into contemporary services that are trauma informed and have used Open Dialogue to extend therapy work with individuals and their family/networks.This scoping review was able to determine whether recommendations for clinical practice and training in Open Dialogue with Trauma Informed Care approaches could be identified. What are the implications for practice?: This review provided a broad overview on the current types of trauma‐informed care services incorporating Open Dialogue approaches into their practice.The literature, though sparce, identifies that Trauma Informed Care recognises multiple origins for mental ill health. Open dialogue has an affinity with the common values of mental health nurses. As combined therapies, they are demonstrating usefulness in engaging families and people in their journey towards recovery.Rigid adherence to Open Dialogue focus and delivery as well as training practices could be revised to make them more open to what people and their families wish to discuss. The person with mental ill health and previous trauma should be able to direct the narrative. Trauma Informed Practice principles could be adapted to improve consumer satisfaction with Open Dialogue approaches. Introduction: A large proportion of people who access mental health services have a lived experienced of trauma and are more likely to have a history of complex trauma. Open Dialogue and Trauma Informed Care practices identify previous trauma as a factor related to later psychosis. This scoping review has identified similarities and contrasts in how an Open Dialogue and Trauma Informed Care approach have been combined to complement one another for clinical work with people presenting with psychosis and previous trauma. Aim: We aimed to answer the following research question in this scoping review: What is known of the combined use of Open Dialogue and Trauma Informed Care practice when working with consumers and their family networks? As such, the purpose of this paper was to explore the application to practice and identify if any training existed and been evaluated. Method: This scoping review was based on the Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A comprehensive search was performed across five electronic databases. Grey literature was also searched through Psyche Info and Google Scholar for books, Dissertation and Theses, alongside hand searching of the reference of the studies. Articles searched was from January 2013 to January 2023. Results: Five distinct themes were identified from the literature: (1) Linking open dialogue with trauma, (2) Response to treatment, (3) Empowerment and information sharing, (4) Interpretation by clinical services, (5) Staff training outcomes. Discussion: Some tentative recommendations for practice recognised the individuals' unique story and perspective, suggested that trauma is an important concept to assess. Services practising as Trauma Informed Services that have incorporated an Open Dialogue approach have mixed experiences. The use of Open Dialogue may have some benefits for family work and exploring consumer narratives while building a network of support. However, consumers identified similar frustrations with service delivery as with the family therapy literature. For example, it was difficult to bring family members together and difficult to discuss previous traumatic events in front of family. People experiencing training in Open Dialogue reported it taking a slow pace and not what they were familiar with. Implications for Practice: Open Dialogue can facilitate engagement of consumers and their family networks and greater recognition of the peer workforce to promote collaboration in therapy is needed. Future research should also focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such services and comparing their outcomes across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Storytelling is an effective tool for communication, is universally comprehensible and transcends linguistic barriers, adapting to cultures easily.Storytelling has a strong influence on children and has been used for knowledge retention and for developing imagination, creativity and prosocial behaviours. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: The systematic review offers essential insights into the effects of storytelling interventions on the development of resilience in children.It indicates the various forms of storytelling interventions implemented and also the specific measures of resilience employed in the studies.The review has demonstrated that storytelling plays a crucial role in the development of protective factors in children including resilience. What are the implications for practice?: Psychiatric and mental health nurses working in community, hospital or mental health units play an important role in mental health interventions, particularly when it comes to children and young adults.Employing storytelling techniques can help psychiatric and mental health nurses provide timely and consistent support to children while helping them explore support systems, mechanisms and coping strategies helping build resilience.This holds particular importance for low‐ and middle‐income countries where limited resources pose challenges in providing adequate support for mental health programmes for children. Methods such as storytelling are simple and adaptable to the specific challenges faced in the mental health setting. Introduction: Resilience is a crucial aspect of mental health and coping that enables individuals to effectively recover from challenges. Fostering resilience in children becomes a significant objective. Storytelling is known to positively affect resilience, providing opportunities to share and develop narratives that help make sense of difficult experiences, find meaning in them, and building beliefs around our capacity to adapt well to challenging experiences. Aim: The aim of this review is to synthesize peer‐reviewed studies on the impact of storytelling interventions in developing resilience in children. Method: The review adhered to the updated PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022365474). We conducted searches in 12 databases with search strings comprising of concepts regarding storytelling, resilience and children. Results: The review included 11 studies published between 2012 and 2022. The narrative synthesis of the studies indicates that storytelling interventions enhanced psychological resilience in children. Discussion: Storytelling‐based interventions in school settings with participatory approaches using cultural stories, and positive psychology‐based interventions were effective and feasible. Implications for Practice: This review has scope for informing future interventions with children, especially those who live in marginalized communities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness.There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals.Anti‐stigma initiatives, such as education and training, may be effective in enhancing or maintaining positive attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Education and training that is designed and delivered around a specific mental health diagnosis or condition appears an appropriate strategy that could benefit mental health professionals to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of mental ill health and its impacts on individuals.Consumer involvement in the education and training of mental health professionals regarding the stigma of mental illness is recommended; however, this is an under‐explored area of investigation.There is a weak evidence base regarding the long‐term sustainability of effects from anti‐stigma education and training. This should be addressed via further research in future. What are the implications for practices?: Anti‐stigma initiatives can support mental health professionals to develop stigma‐free, recovery‐oriented practices in their work. Further, such initiatives can improve the provision of evidence‐based quality care for the consumers, facilitating their recovery. Introduction: Despite an increasing focus on stigma, evidence shows prejudicial attitudes towards mental illness among mental health professionals still exist. It is suggested that anti‐stigma initiatives can aid in enhancing the attitudes of mental health professionals. However, research on initiatives targeting stigma of mental illness among mental health professionals is limited. Aim: To identify and analyse scientific literature pertaining to the effectiveness of anti‐stigma initiatives regarding mental ill health among mental health professionals. Method: A systematic literature review was performed using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Google Search engine and Google Scholar. The papers were limited to English language, published in peer‐reviewed journals with full‐text articles available and published between the years 2008 and 2020 to understand the most recent trends in the attitudes of mental health professionals including nurses. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to identify papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 439 papers were identified. However, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from selection. Three appraisers reviewed the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. Finally, eight unanimously accepted papers were included in the systematic review. Several effective anti‐stigma initiatives were identified through the review, and these had positive impacts on mental health professionals' attitudes towards mental illness, for at least a short period. It was identified that contact‐based interventions are relevant and effective although the involvement of consumers and caregivers in the design and delivery of interventions was not explicitly addressed in detail in studies included in the review. Education strategies tailored for specific mental illness may be more appropriate, rather than approaches that refer to mental illness in general. Conclusions: This review shows the evidence of pessimistic attitudes towards mental illness persists among mental health professionals. Anti‐stigma initiatives identified in the selected papers were effective in changing these attitudes. Future research should be focused on the effectiveness of contact‐based interventions and understanding the longer‐term effects of the interventions among homogeneous groups. Full consideration of the varying level of clinical experience and expertise in mental health should guide the development and implementation of anti‐stigma initiatives in this context. Implications for practice: Anti‐stigma interventions can have a positive impact on mental health professionals' knowledge, attitudes and supportive caring for people diagnosed with mental illness. Such anti‐stigma interventions may meaningfully support stakeholders to address the impact of negative attitudes on the physical and mental health status of people diagnosed with mental illness. With sustained leadership, effort and reinforcement, it is possible to create workplace cultures that prioritize stigma‐free and recovery‐oriented behaviours and practices within mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: The use of chemical restraint in emergency situations is to control aggression or violence to protect consumers and staff and is to be used as a last resort when all other behavioural control alternatives have been exhausted.Chemical restraint involves the use of medication. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This is the first paper to systematically review the prevalence of the use of chemical restraint.The use of chemical restraint is common across emergency departments and acute psychiatric inpatient units worldwide.Consumers who are restrained are also likely to receive chemical restraint.The studies reviewed demonstrate that there is a need for more standardized data collection so that clearer comparisons can be made between healthcare settings and countries. What are the implications for practice?: Implications of practice include the need to report adverse events post‐chemical restraint as these can deleteriously affect a person's physical health.Identification of and staff education about first‐line management techniques before chemical restraint is administered are significant to reduce its use. Introduction: Chemical restraint is used to manage uncontrolled aggression, agitation or violent behaviours of consumers with mental health disorders admitted to acute psychiatric or emergency settings. Aim: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the international prevalence of chemical restraint for non‐consenting adults. Method: PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for peer‐reviewed literature published between January 1996 and July 2018. This paper reports on data extracted from retrospective audits of chemical restraint practice. Results: Forty‐eight papers were included. The median prevalence of use of any restraint was 21.2% (25th% 8.0 to 75th% 36.3). Median prevalence of people who were chemically restrained, of all people restrained in any manner, was 43.1% (25th% 22.9% to 75th% 70.7%). Of all people admitted to facility(ies), the median prevalence of chemical restraint was 7.4% (25th% 2.7 to 75th% 17.6). There was no statistically significant difference in any prevalence measure considering healthcare setting or country. There was a significant decrease over the review period in the use of any restraint, including chemical restraint. Discussion and implications for practice: This is the first known comprehensive meta‐view of chemical restraint use worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized data collection to enable comparisons between healthcare settings and countries. Relevance statement: There is an international imperative to reduce or eliminate the use of coercive practices, such as physical and chemical restraint, in mental health care. This study provides important information for mental health nursing by synthesizing the international prevalence of chemical restraint for non‐consenting adults. This meta‐view of the worldwide use of chemical restraint can inform ongoing efforts to reduce its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Nurses often encounter traumatic events in their clinical practice.Trauma can have both negative effects, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and positive effects, such as growth and positive emotions.Posttraumatic growth is beneficial for nurses, as it contributes to positive mental health outcomes and increases life satisfaction. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Our study confirms that nurses commonly experience posttraumatic growth after being exposed to traumatic events, and the level of growth is moderate.We have identified individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors that may influence the occurrence of posttraumatic growth among nurses. What are the implications for practice?: Our findings provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at promoting posttraumatic growth among nurses. It is crucial to consider individual factors, work‐related factors, and social and organizational factors when designing these interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare professionals can support nurses in coping with trauma and facilitate their posttraumatic growth. Introduction: While the negative effects of trauma on nurses have been well‐documented, it is equally important to focus on ways to promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) among nurses. Aim: This study aims to explore the levels and related factors of PTG among nurses. Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases up to 26 December 2022. The pooled mean score for PTG was calculated and presented with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were performed to identify potential moderators of PTG among nurses. Results: A total of 55 studies, involving 35,621 nurses from 11 countries and regions, were included in this review. The pooled scores of the PTG indicated that nurses experienced a moderate level of PTG (55.69, 95% CI: 50.67–60.72). Discussion: Nurses commonly experience PTG following exposure to traumatic events, with a moderate level of PTG. Our systematic review highlights the potential determinants of PTG among nurses, including individual, work‐related, and social and organizational factors. Implications for Practice: Targeting these factors in interventions can provide nurses with the necessary resources and support to effectively cope with stress and trauma, and potentially facilitate PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Only 8.6% Asian Americans (AAs) report seeking mental health services compared to nearly 18% of the general population.There is a stigma against seeking mental health services among AAs.Mental illness is thought to be caused by a lack of harmony of emotions or evil spirits leading to delay in treatment among AAs. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Asian students are hesitant to use mental health services because they are balancing their desire to be part of the two cultures.Concepts used to define culture were found to have overlapping aspects of how researchers operationally define them, and few studies examined a combination of these concepts as a means of examining interactions between the concepts.AA emerging adults feel pressure through personal stigma from elders to 'save face' by keeping their problems to themselves or within the family to maintain a positive reputation for the family. What are the implications for practice?: The overlap of conceptual definitions to understand cultural beliefs and values affecting measurement have complicated the interpretation of the research.Future research should include a multidimensional operationalization of culture that includes acculturation, ethnic identity, personal stigma and their effect on mental health help‐seeking attitudes.Differences between South Asian and East Asian philosophical and cultural perspectives could influence access to mental health services; therefore, future studies should consider sampling that would allow for comparison of the groups.Understanding the factors that influence mental health help‐seeking behaviours can determine intervention strategies to improve AA emerging adult mental health. Introduction: Only 8.6% of Asian Americans (AA) sought mental health services compared to 18% of United States population. AA college students report higher levels of mental health concerns compared to White students. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that influence AA students' mental health help‐seeking behaviours. Method: Employing a data‐based convergent synthesis design. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the sample. Inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed studies published in English, focused on AA college students' mental health seeking attitudes in United States. Results: The final sample was forty‐four studies. Four themes emerged: acculturation, ethnic identity, racism and stigma. There were discrepant findings regarding how acculturation affects mental health help‐seeking attitudes. Several studies included more than one theme in their analyses. The different concepts included across studies make it difficult to compare the findings. Discussion: There is some overlap between acculturation and ethnic identity that could affect the analysis in studies where both concepts are included. Personal stigma negatively influences mental health help‐seeking attitudes. Implications for Practice: Defining culture to include acculturation, ethnic identity, personal stigma can help in understanding their effect on mental health help‐seeking attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Mentalizing is the capacity to understand both one's own and other people's behaviour in terms of mental states, such as, for example, desires, feelings and beliefs.The mentalizing capacities of healthcare professionals help to establish effective therapeutic relationships and, in turn, lead to better patient outcomes. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: The personal factors positively associated with the mentalizing capacities of healthcare professionals are being female, greater work experience and having a more secure attachment style. Psychosocial factors are having personal experience with psychotherapy, burnout, and in the case of female students, being able to identify with the female psychotherapist role model during training. There is limited evidence that training programmes can improve mentalizing capacities.Although the mentalization field is gaining importance and research is expanding, the implications for mental health nursing have not been previously reviewed. Mental health nurses are underrepresented in research on the mentalizing capacities of healthcare professionals. This is significant given that mental health nurses work closest to patients and thus are more often confronted with patients' behaviour compared to other health care professionals, and constitute a large part of the workforce in mental healthcare for patients with mental illness. What are the implications for practice?: Given the importance of mentalizing capacity of both the patient and the nurse for a constructive working relationship, it is important that mental health nurses are trained in the basic principles of mentalization. Mental health nurses should be able to recognize situations where patients' lack of ability to mentalize creates difficulties in the interaction. They should also be able to recognize their own difficulties with mentalizing and be sensitive to the communicative implications this may have. Introduction: Mentalizing capacities of clinicians help to build effective therapeutic relationships and lead to better patient outcomes. Few studies have focused on factors associated with clinicians' mentalizing capacities and the intervention strategies to improve them. Aim: Present a systematic review of empirical studies on factors associated with healthcare professionals' mentalizing capacities and the effectiveness of intervention programmes designed to improve these capacities. Method: Following PRISMA‐guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and CINAHL. Results: Out of a systematic search with 1537 hits, 22 studies were included. Personal factors positively associated with mentalizing capacities of healthcare professionals are being female, greater work experience and having a more secure attachment style. Psychosocial factors are having personal experience with psychotherapy, burnout, and in the case of female students, being able to identify with the female psychotherapist role model during training. Evidence that training programmes improve mentalizing capacities is limited. Discussion: Mental health nurses are underrepresented in research on mentalizing capacities of healthcare professionals and training programs to improve these capacities are practically absent. Implications for Practice: For mental health nurses, training in basic mentalizing theory and skills will improve their capacities in building effective working relationships with patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Young‐onset dementia (YOD) refers to a phenomenon in which dementia symptoms appear under age 65. Diagnosing YOD is difficult and its progression is fast. Furthermore, it limits the socio‐economic careers of people living with YOD, regardless of their needs.People living with YOD and their carers have unstable occupational status and their dependents also have to face a high burden of care. They claim that existing social support for dementia is limited to the elderly and is not suitable for them. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The characteristics of non‐pharmacological intervention studies for people living with YOD and/or their carers so far, and an analysis of the needs supported via the applied interventions.A theoretical basis and direction for the interventions to be studied in the future. What are the implications for practice?: Research and intervention development should focus more on the needs of people living with YOD. In addition, it is necessary to understand and reflect on carers who directly care for people living with YOD.A multidisciplinary programme that supports wide area of the needs should be developed. Introduction: Young‐onset dementia (YOD) is a highly influential disease that exerts force on the normal life of those who still have to continue social life. Research has been lacking in spite of its seriousness, which accounts for about 9% of all dementia cases. Aim: This study aimed to examine non‐pharmacological interventions for people living with YOD and/or their carers, and to analyse how those interventions support their needs. Method: A scoping review methodology was utilized to search the studies examining interventions for people living with YOD and/or their carers, and in English or Korean. The information was extracted, summarized and analysed in CANE categories. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the review. Five types of interventions were drawn. 'Memory' was the most covered part of the needs by the interventions. Discussion: This study found that interventions currently do not match the needs of people living with YOD and their carers. Multidisciplinary research would be eligible to cover the subjects' wide range of the needs as much as possible. Implications for Practice: We suggest the development of a specialized needs assessment tool and specialized interventions for people living with young‐onset dementia and their carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Arts‐based research is an established and accepted research approach and systematic reviews have been published on this methodology. There are many possible data collection techniques and study designs within arts‐based research, which have been implemented but not yet systematically reviewed.Rationales and challenges for arts‐based research have covered participants' experiences of being in arts‐based studies in health service research. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The main results of this systematic review are that mental health recovery concepts are effectively communicated by visual arts‐based research and participation in these studies is progressive and connecting for mental health consumers.This paper adds new knowledge about participants' experiences specifically in visual arts‐based studies, where the participants are mental health consumers. The results are significant because they support visual arts‐based research in its development and popularity, both as a research approach and as an empowerment intervention. What are the implications for practice?: The results of this systematic review can enhance the fields of qualitative research methods and mental health nursing. Recommendations for professional development can be advanced from consumers' ideas and experiences of recovery reported in this review.Nurse scientists and consumer researchers can take into consideration visual arts‐based data collection techniques for use as research and empowerment interventions with mental health consumer participants. Introduction: Art creation has been found to be therapeutic to mental health consumers, making the prospect of art creation's conceivable benefits as a mental health research strategy worthy of consideration. Aim: This systematic review aims to explore experiences of recovery among adults with a mental illness using visual art methods. Method: Following a comprehensive database search, 14 suitable studies were identified. These involved adult participants with a formal mental health diagnosis, or who self‐identify as having a mental illness. The studies employed arts‐based methodologies with participant‐created, visual art as their data. Articles underwent data extraction and quality appraisal with the JBI‐QARI (Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument). Results: Results were categorised and further aggregated into two synthesised findings according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. The synthesised findings are: (1) Creative artmaking enables the use of visual metaphors which can aid expression of feelings, externalisation of identity, and personal learning, and (2) Interpersonal and self‐connectedness through inclusion in community, receiving support when needed, and progressing through loss, are beneficial for mental health recovery. Discussion: These findings are comparable to those already existing in the literature, and suggest that visual arts‐based research methods are as dependable as other qualitative research methods. Additionally, this systematic review reveals that when conducting research studies, there are benefits for mental health consumer participants when visual arts‐based methods are used. Implications for practice: A visual arts‐based research intervention can be concluded to have the effect of an empowerment intervention, as well as being a credible research method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One intervention that fosters mindfulness is mantram repetition.Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Psychologically, mantram repetition can mitigate immediate stressors. When used consistently, mantram repetition promotes resilience and deepens mindfulness, thereby promoting recovery from distress. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper examines the overall effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). What are the implications for practice?: The portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies.In people who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress.Mantram repetition can quiet the mind and pairs well with breathing exercises and routine activities such as walking or exercising, or during chores, thus, integrating the mantram into daily life. Introduction: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Aim: To examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). Method: We searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups. Results: All studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p =.015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy. Discussion: The portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. Implications for Practice: In patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is Known on the subject?: Working on the frontline during the pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of health professionals. A significant proportion experienced anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress or depression. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Analysis and synthesis of the evidence of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses based on their work context. There exists a gap in the literature as no studies were found that analysed the effects on nurses' mental health according to the level of care they worked in (hospital–primary care–nursing home). What are the implications for practice?: There is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact of COVID‐19 on the physical and mental well‐being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. Introduction: Health professionals have suffered negative consequences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. No review has specifically addressed the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses exclusively according to the work context. Aim: To analyse the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses who have worked in hospitals, primary care centres and social health centres. Method: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched (Prospero number: CRD42021249513). Out of 706 papers, 31 studies (2020–2021) were included in the systematic review. A qualitative synthesis method was used to analyse the data. Results: Most studies were conducted in hospitals or frontline settings. The prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe symptoms was for anxiety 29.55%, depression 38.79%, posttraumatic stress disorder 29.8%, and insomnia 40.66%. Discussion: This review highlights the mental health effects among nurses working in acute hospital settings. It also evidences a data gap on mental health effects among nurses working in primary health care and in nursing homes. Implications for practice: In the post phase of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact on the mental well‐being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What Is Known on the Subject?: Economic and educational opportunities are usually the principal driving forces for migration.There is a large body of quantitative research studies, mainly from the U.K., supporting the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders, in Afro‐Caribbean immigrants which increases across generations.The process of migration and acculturation can present significant risk factors for psychiatric disorders in immigrants.Research involving members of the Black community is generally conducted with the perception that Blacks are a homogenous group, ignoring the cultural and ethnic differences among the subgroups. What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?: It provides a broadened understanding of the experiences, thoughts and feelings of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants, and the factors within the processes of migration and acculturation that negatively impacts their mental health.It provides context to the volume of quantitative studies indicating a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic disorders, in Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and their offspring. What Are the Implications for Practice?: Nurses conducting mental health evaluations and assessments for members of the Black community should be culturally competent. Cultural competence entails an understanding of cultural beliefs, race, ethnicity and values. Additionally, knowledge of the effects of migration and acculturation as mental health risks is also important to improve mental health outcomes.Cultural competence will help reduce health disparities by increasing trust in the health care system and providers, not only for Afro‐Caribbean immigrants, but all immigrant groups. Introduction: There is evidence to support migration as a significant risk factor for psychiatric disorders in immigrants. Unfortunately, as an immigrant group, little is known about the mental health of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and the factors that threaten their mental health. Aim: To explore the perceived effects of migration on the mental health of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants. Methods: A qualitative narrative synthesis was employed to interpretively integrate 13 primary qualitative research findings. Eleven of the primary studies were conducted in the U.K., one in the U.S. and one in Canada. Results: The themes gleaned: (1) experiences of racism, (2) generational conflicts, (3) feelings of powerlessness, (4) limited socioeconomic resources, (5) unfulfilled expectations, (6) fragmented family and community and (7) ignoring cultural/ethnic identity. Discussion: The findings broadened the understanding and experiences of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and their mental health vulnerabilities as they navigate through migration and acculturation. Implications for Practice: Addressing the mental health of Afro‐Caribbeans will require health care providers to: (1) be cognizant of their immigrant status; (2) understand how migration and acculturation influence the mental health of immigrants; (3) be aware of the ethnocultural differences among Black subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: International guidelines for trans‐and‐gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) exists in outpatient settings.Compared to cisgender and heterosexual people, TGNC individuals are at a higher risk of mental health difficulties and have higher rates of inpatient mental health treatment. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: An international scoping review identifying the lack of guidelines existing for TGNC individuals in inpatient mental health settings. Compared to psychiatrists and psychologists, mental health nursing has the most contact with patients admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment. The study identifies unaddressed needs in gender affirming policies and outlines preliminary policy recommendations to assist mental health staff in improving TGNC patient quality of care within the United States. What are the implications for practice?: Reforming existing guidelines or creating new guidelines based on the identified themes and gaps to improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings within the United States. Introduction: Access to culturally sensitive care is critical for addressing known mental health disparities among trans‐and gender‐non‐conforming (TGNC) individuals. Although there has been a proliferation of TGNC healthcare guidelines from accrediting bodies, policies have failed to address the needs of TGNC patients in inpatient psychiatric settings. Aim: To identify unaddressed needs in policies and policy recommendations for the care of TGNC patients to inform recommendations for change. Method: A scoping review protocol was developed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 850 articles were reduced to seven relevant articles with six themes identified via thematic analysis. Results: Six themes were identified: lack of consistency in preferred and pronoun use, lack of communication among providers, lack of training in TGNC healthcare, personal bias, lack of formal policies, and housing segregation by sex rather than gender. Discussion: The creation of new guidelines or bolstering of existing guidelines to specifically address identified themes and gaps may improve the well‐being and treatment outcomes of TGNC individuals in inpatient psychiatric settings. Implications for practice: To provide a foundation for future studies to integrate these identified gaps and inform the future development of comprehensive formal policies that generalize TGNC care in inpatient settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known about the subject?: There are many qualitative studies that explore what it is like for children who live with a parent who has a mental illness. These studies are sometimes criticized because they have small sample sizes which limits their application. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative papers with an aim to strengthening our understanding of what it is like for children who live with a parent who has a mental illness. We used stringent criteria to make sure that only the voices of children affected by parental mental illness were included in the review. In addition, the paper presents a timely update on previous reviews completed in this area. What are the implications for practice?: The findings of this review highlight the impact that parental mental illness has on children and the important role that mental health nurses can play in maximizing opportunities for building resilience in affected children. Mental health nurses are in a key position to provide timely and age‐appropriate information and support to both parents and children to assist in the development of appropriate coping and support mechanisms. Abstract: Introduction: This paper brings together what is known about what it is like for children who live with a parent with a mental illness with a view to strengthening our understanding of their experiences. This paper presents an update on previous reviews that were completed in this area and used a systematic approach and stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure that the voices of children were central in the included papers. A systematic review of this nature could not be located in the literature. Aims: This paper presents the findings of a systematic review which explored the experiences of children who were affected by parental mental illness. Methods: CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, Pubmesh and EMBASE were searched for qualitative studies which explored children's experiences, and eight studies were included following review and quality appraisal. Pertinent data were extracted, coded and analysed using a thematic approach. Results: Four themes emerged from the analytic process which described the children's understanding of mental illness, their relationship with their parents, their coping strategies and their social connections. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses need to recognize the psychosocial needs of children, and to acknowledge, the wider impact mental illness has of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Peer‐support services was started in the 1970s psychiatric survivor movement in the United States of America (USA) due to the lack of transitional support for deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients.Delivered by peer‐support workers (PSWs) with lived experiences of mental health conditions, peer‐support workers use their experiential knowledge to help others with similar conditions.The paradigm shifts in mental health recovery has led to an increase in interest on peer‐support services among the Asia countries. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The diversity political and cultural differences in Asia makes it a unique for people to understand the mental health ecosystem that exist within.This review is timely as it provides the insights into the current state of peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia and the future research on them. What are the implications for practice?: First, this review provided a broad overview on the current types of peer‐support services and their implementation in Asia.Second, emphasized the importance and value of peer‐support services for individuals with mental health conditions in their journey towards recovery.Third, important to build a more positive image for peer‐support workers by assigning more clarity to their roles and systematizing training to hone their skills in providing peer support. Introduction: The increasing recognition and need for recovery‐oriented services led to the heightened interests of peer‐support services globally, including Asia. However, little is known about the peer‐support services in Asia as compared to the West, where peer‐support services primarily originated from and are well established. Aim: To examine available evidence on the implementation of peer‐support services for such consumers in Asia. Method: This scoping review was based on the Arksey & O′Malley's framework. A comprehensive search was performed across seven electronic databases. The grey literature was also searched through Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, alongside hand searching of the reference of the studies. Articles searched was from January 2000 to December 2021. Results: Three main themes were identified to provide an overview on peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia: the delivery of such services in Asia; Asian consumers' perceptions of them; and factors affecting their implementation. Discussion: Given their relative novelty in Asia, findings from this review represent useful insights for organizations and policy administrators when formulating such services. Implications for Practice: Future research should also focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such services in Asia and comparing their outcomes with other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Losing a family member due to suicide has been described as a traumatic experience, as suicide‐bereaved relatives grapple to accept the particular character of death and the core elements of guilt, self‐criticism and stigma it inflicts.There are long‐term consequences for those who bereave due to the suicide of their beloved on, a high risk for mental and physical health problems included.Feelings of guilt and self‐stigma influence help‐seeking behaviour among suicide‐bereaved individuals. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Coping mechanisms adopted by suicide‐bereaved individuals mediate the impact of suicide on their family, and especially on the quality of relationships among them.Supporting others in need can help alleviate guilt and self‐blame for the suicide while it enables the bereaved to fulfil their need to keep a non‐traumatizing, or even positive bond with the deceased. What the implications for practice are?: Nursing interventions to facilitate suicide‐bereaved family members' participation in self‐help support groups and promote their engagement in supporting others in need are important.Mental health nurses need to facilitate the replacement of dysfunctional coping strategies, such as substance use or self‐blame with more adaptive ones focused on the personal needs of the bereaved, in order to help them embrace a non‐traumatizing memory of the deceased while being in peace with the social environment.Screening for mental health problems and management of shame, self‐stigma and guilt during the grieving period needs to be a priority in nursing interventions. Introduction: Losing a family member to suicide is a traumatic experience which includes guilt and self‐stigma. Yet, there is lack of data synthesis on the survivors' experience. Aim: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative data on the interpretation of loss in suicide‐bereaved family members, their coping strategies and the effects on family. Method: A meta‐ethnographic synthesis following a systematic literature search and evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies was applied. Results: The narratives of 326 individuals (parents/siblings/children/spouses) reported in sixteen studies were analysed. Trying to achieve a balance between keeping alive a non‐traumatizing memory of the deceased, destigmatizing and liberating themselves from self‐blame, self‐criticism and guilt while being able to transform this experience into support towards others in need, was identified as the essence of the experience of the bereaved. Discussion: Although suicide within a family is a traumatic experience, spiritual and existential implications among the bereaved have been reported; their coping mechanisms mediate the impact of suicide on family sustainability. Implications for practice: Nursing interventions to facilitate adoption of coping strategies centred on keeping a non‐traumatizing memory of the deceased among the bereaved and promote their participation in self‐help groups and activities to support others in need are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Humanizing the world of health is a complex process that includes all the dimensions of the person. When a person has from a mental illness, the humanization of care becomes more important, as the disorder itself prevents the person to participate in their health process, even when showing self‐harm or aggressive behaviours.These situations jointly with other factors related with professionals (insufficient ratio, inadequate treatment or lack of training) may cause the patient admitted to the acute psychiatric hospitalization unit to require the use of restrictive measures (involuntary admissions, mechanical restraints or forced administration of medication). What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: We identify the relevance of the perception the patient and family have regarding the care received, as well as the relevance of factors related to the professionals, among which the attitude, the staff ratio, the nursing time of direct dedication, and the therapeutic environment and safety of the patient and the professionals. All patients must be treated with dignity, respect, regardless of the aggressive manifestations caused by their pathology. What are the implications for practice?: A greater understanding of the care offered to admitted people affected by a mental disorder, their families and professionals who care for them in acute mental health units, giving greater importance to "caring" and not exclusively to "curing." Introduction: Humanization in Mental Health refers to give the same relevance to the clinical needs and to the social, emotional and psychological needs. Aim: To identify the published knowledge on current care models related to the humanization of care in acute psychiatric units. Method: Scoping review based on the methodological model of Arksey and O'Malley, and PRISMA methodology. Database searches (Pubmed, Cinahl, Virtual Library, Cuiden, Academic Google and PsycInfo) with the terms: "Humanization," "Hospitals Psychiatric," "Emergency Psychiatric," "Psychiatric Service" and "Psychiatric intensive care units." Results: Twenty‐two articles met the inclusion criteria. Four thematic units were identified: aspects related to (i) patient perceptions; (ii) Government policies and hospitality organizational culture; (iii) external factors such as the environment, family or associations; and (iv) safety and security. Discussion: Only one of the articles mentions the concept analysed, although all of them contribute with key aspects of healthcare humanization, such as the empowerment of the patient, the care model, the staff ratio, the therapeutic relationship, the nursing time of direct dedication to the patient, the therapeutic environment, safety and patient and staff perception of feeling safe. Implications for Practice: The present study can help to improve the care offered in acute mental health units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of recovery have led to a wide adoption of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges.Peers with experiential knowledge on managing their own mental health conditions act as role models for affected individuals. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The meta‐analysis demonstrated significant small‐to‐medium effects favouring such interventions on symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment. What are the implications for practice?: With peer‐delivered self‐management interventions, individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges could self‐direct their care, thus reducing their reliance on service providers.Individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges equipped to seek their recovery within the community beyond institutional care, regaining independence and gradually reintegrate into society. Introduction: The shift in mindset within mental health care has led to the adoption of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions in promoting recovery among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges. However, no reviews have hitherto examined their effectiveness. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of peer‐delivered self‐management interventions in improving symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment. Method: A search was performed in nine English databases for published studies and grey literature from inception to the 5 January 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was graded with the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. The overall effects were pooled through a meta‐analysis with heterogeneity evaluated via the chi‐square test and I‐square statistics. This review was guided by the PRISMA 2020 statement on transparent reporting of systematic review and meta‐analyses. Results: Seventeen publications involving 3189 participants were included in this review, and ten were included for the meta‐analysis and accounted for 2725 participants. The meta‐analysis demonstrated significant small‐to‐medium effects favouring such interventions on symptom severity, self‐perceived recovery, hopefulness and empowerment. Discussion: Peer‐delivered self‐management interventions should be implemented as it is effective in promoting recovery among individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges. Implications for practice: With peer‐delivered self‐management interventions, individuals with severe and enduring mental health challenges could self‐direct their care and reduce their reliance on service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Inpatient treatment is often necessary due to the vulnerability of adolescents' mental health, and hospitalization rates are increasing.There are both positive and negative experiences related to adolescent inpatient treatment. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: Inpatient ward environment and interactions with staff and peers are critical in adolescents' nursing care while undergoing inpatient treatment.Adolescents want their voice to be reflected in the treatment process, including within the discharge plan. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses should establish a therapeutic milieu for adolescents to feel stable and safe so that inpatient treatment can become a positive experience.Mental health nurses should apply a person‐centred approach to adolescents so that adolescents can participate in decision‐making during the inpatient treatment process. Introduction: Mental health inpatient treatment is necessary and increasing in adolescents due to their mental health vulnerability. Few studies have comprehensively reviewed adolescents' hospitalization experience. Aim: To gain an in‐depth understanding of the mental health inpatient experience from adolescents' perspectives. Method: Six electronic databases, manual searches and citation searches were completed for studies published within the last 10 years. Eight articles were included, and thematic analysis was used. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was applied to assess data quality. Results: Three main themes were identified: Experiences of hospitalization, perceived outcomes and preparing for discharge. These themes included both positive and negative experiences. Discussion: The environment and interactions within the ward were critical to adolescents' nursing care. Positive relationship experiences were important for adolescents to adapt well and consequently achieve beneficial inpatient treatment results. Additionally, adolescents wanted to participate in the decision‐making process related to their treatment during hospitalization. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses have a responsibility to be sensitive to adolescents' mental health status during hospitalization and to understand the significance of providers' support in leading them to recovery. Nurses need to establish a more stable ward environment and form positive relationships through respect for adolescents' intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known about on the subject?: Alternative option was developed to improve care due to the increasing costs of care cost and the number of people diagnosed with dementia.Reminiscence therapy is a commonly implemented alternative option used in long‐term care facilities.Reminiscence therapy is designed for cognitive decline that is also known as life review. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Reminiscence therapy, known as psychosocial interventions in dementia care, can be used to assist people with dementia recollect prior events, activities, and experiences in order to improve their cognitive, mood, and overall well‐being.Reminiscence therapy increased cognitive function and quality of life and reduced depressive and neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with dementia.Reminiscence therapy may be considered a useful non‐pharmacological intervention for people with dementia living in nursing homes or other long‐term care facilities.The development of a global standard protocol for the application of reminiscence therapy may be necessary for future randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Introduction: Reminiscence therapy is an alternative to pharmaceutical intervention provided during long‐term care, especially for individuals with dementia. However, the effects of reminiscence therapy in dementia care remain inconclusive. Aim: The goal of this study is to examine the effects of reminiscence therapy implementation in people with dementia. Design: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Methods: This study searched systematically using 6 databases. The eligibility criteria included patients with dementia, applied reminiscence therapy, randomized controlled trials or quasi‐experimental studies, and published in the English language. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model to calculate the pooled effects of reminiscence therapy. Stata 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Result: A total of 29 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 3102 participants. Overall, reminiscence therapy increased cognitive functions and quality of life and decreased depression and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Implication for Practice: Reminiscence therapy may be considered a useful non‐pharmacological intervention for people with dementia living in nursing homes or other long‐term care facilities. A standard protocol for reminiscence therapy may be necessary for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on this subject?: Police are often called on to respond to student mental health needs in schools.School nurses, who are part of interdisciplinary mental health teams, may collaborate with responding police officers.Currently, there are no reviews of the literature describing the use of police to respond to mental health crises in schools. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This systematic review found six articles addressing police response to student mental health needs in elementary and secondary schools.Articles primarily focused on the School Resource Officer programme; however, there was a lack of research on the effectiveness of this and other programmes in addressing the mental health needs of students.This paper highlights a significant gap in knowledge about how police are involved in responding to student mental health crises within schools. What are the implications for practice?: Understanding how police respond to mental health crises on school campuses will help nurses serve in collaborative roles with responding officers.This study highlights gaps in research that need to be addressed for researchers and policymakers to best support students in crisis. Introduction: Response to student mental health crises involves interdisciplinary school–community teams, which can include police officers. This paper presents the first systematic review of literature on how police address mental health in school settings. Results have implications for school nurses interacting with responding police. Question/Aim: How are police involved in responding to student mental health needs in elementary and secondary schools? Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework, six articles met criteria for inclusion in this review. Results: Two themes were identified: (1) descriptions of roles of police in schools and (2) studies presenting programmes or models of police engagement. The most common use of police in schools is through the School Resource Officer model. Discussion: There are very few studies examining police involvement in mental health response in schools and little data available on whether prevailing models are effective. We are therefore unable to ascertain what impact school police have in responding to mental health crises or the extent to which they interact with school nurses. Implications for practice: Understanding mental health crisis responses in schools can inform policy, practice, research and education for police and school providers, including nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known about the subject?: People experiencing mental distress have a high rate of contact with police in community crisis events.Police use a continuum of responses when managing situations involving agitation, aggression and behavioural problems.People experiencing mental distress have been subjected to Tasers as part of the police response.Following a number of deaths and numerous reports of injuries, concerns have been raised about the safety of Tasers. What this paper adds?: Police use of Tasers in mental health crises is relatively common.Tasers are used in a range of settings including public places, private residences and healthcare facilities.People experiencing mental distress may be subjected to more use of Tasers than the general population. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health professionals need to work with police towards greater understanding of the needs of people experiencing mental distress and to promote the use of non‐coercive interventions in mental health crisis events.Mental health researchers need to explore the qualitative experiences of people who are Tasered, to provide an evidence base for Taser use with people experiencing mental distress. Introduction: Conducted electrical weapons, or "Tasers," are currently used by over 15,000 law enforcement and military agencies worldwide. There are concerns regarding the effectiveness, potential for harm and overuse with people experiencing mental distress. Aim: To explore the literature about police use of Tasers with people experiencing mental distress. Method: An integrative review was undertaken, and qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches were used. Results: Thirty‐one studies were included. Of all recorded usage, overall prevalence of Taser use on people experiencing mental distress was 28%. This population appears to experience higher Taser usage than the general population. Discussion: There are substantial gaps in the research literature particularly with respect to the decision‐making processes involved in deploying Tasers on this population and the physical and psychological consequences of Taser use in this context. Implications for practice: Police use of Tasers in mental health crises is relatively common and occurs in a variety of environments including mental health settings. Mental health professionals need to work with police towards greater understanding of the needs of people with mental illness and to promote the use of non‐coercive interventions in mental health crisis events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Understanding experiences of acute care by persons with mental health problems is vital for improving these experiences through the development of different parts of the care delivery and its facilities. Literature has extensively addressed experiences of persons with mental health problems in acute care settings. Yet, there is a paucity of studies that aggregate and organize these findings in presenting development‐oriented solutions for the improvements of these experiences. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Acute care can be understood through patients' experiences of structure (such as setting, staff and resources); process (such as communication and interpersonal relations); and outcome (such as satisfaction and post‐discharge well‐being and health) and suggests improvements in these domains.The paper illuminates that previous literature has mainly captured negative experiences of acute care by persons with mental health problems, and suggests diverting the focus to the best practices and to seek inspiration from other fields of research. What are the implications for practice?: Attending to the improvement and development of different parts of the acute care might be an important step in improving experiences of persons with mental health problems. For example, improving resource allocation systems and facilities, emphasizing professionalism in encounters with these patients and systematically assessing patient satisfaction during and after visits are important areas that require attention. Aim: The provision of acute care to persons with mental health problems is challenging due to difficulties in encountering this group and the vulnerability of these persons. Understanding this group's experiences with acute care is thus an important endeavour. The purpose of this review was to critically and systematically identify and assess previous research on experiences of acute care by persons with mental health problems, guided by Donabedian's structure–process–outcome framework (Prospero ID: CRD42019116652). Method and results: An integrative literature review was performed, resulting in the identification of 43 studies. The search was conducted using five electronic databases: Web of Science Core, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Discussion: The review revealed that patients experienced structure components such as setting, staff and resources in a predominantly negative way. A predominately negative picture also emerged of the process components, where, for example, communication and interpersonal relations were represented by negative experiences, with limited positive experiences reported. The outcome components, related to patients' satisfaction and their well‐being after discharge, were also predominantly experienced negatively. Implications for practice: Using Donabedian's framework of structure, process and outcome allowed us to systematize the literature reviewed, to identify the research gaps and to suggest ways forward for the field's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Adults who support an adult family member with a severe and enduring mental health problem often experience carer burden. Over time, this often negatively affects their mental and physical health and social well‐being.Understanding and communicating about mental health problems in families can help to improve resilience and coping among both adults and children. What does this paper add to existing knowledge?: We conducted a review of studies looking at how adult relatives understand and communicate about an adult family member's mental health problem.The findings highlight that how relatives make sense of MHP is related to historical family relationships, their mental health literacy and whether they see themselves as a "carer" or not.The findings also show that little research to date has explored how adult relatives talk with children about their parent's difficulties, and how the adults' understanding might affect what children learn about the MHP. What are the implications for practice?: There is a research gap to be addressed regarding family communication with children about parental mental health problems. This knowledge gap likely impacts family‐focused mental health nursing and therapy provision.Mental health nursing, therapeutic and support workers and advocates are ideally positioned to assist relatives with improving their mental health literacy and confidence communicating about mental health, and to promote inclusion of relatives and children in interventions. Introduction: Relatives are profoundly affected by an adult family member's severe and enduring mental health problem (MHP). The burdens of caring impact on adult relatives' emotional, physical and social well‐being. How relatives make meaning and communicate about the MHP is thought to affect family talk about mental health, and this can impact family coping and well‐being. Aim: No review has yet drawn together research about how adult relatives of people with severe and enduring MHP make meaning and communicate about their relatives' difficulties. We aimed to address this gap. Method: We conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed primary research. SCOPUS, PubMed, Psychnet, SCIE, Cochrane and CINAHL+ databases were searched. Results: Nineteen papers qualified for inclusion. Findings are organized under four themes: making meaning about the MHP and affected individual; conceptualizing the self in the presence of the MHP; meaning‐making processes underlying relatives' well‐being outcomes; and relatives' perspectives on family talk about the MHP. Discussion: Historical relationships, caregiver identity and mental health literacy moderate relatives' understanding and talk about the MHP. Implications for practice: Psychoeducation and communication support for relatives should be provided by mental health practitioners. Future research should address familial communication about MHP, including with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Application of physical restraint is a common practice to protect service users and staff in psychiatric care.Nurses' attitudes towards physical restraint and its influencing factors in psychiatric settings in different countries are variable.Previous reviews include studies on different coercive methods, making it difficult to differentiate attitudes specific to physical restraint. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Nurses' attitudes were marked by negative feelings and moral conflict towards the use of physical restraint and consider it a necessary nursing intervention and a last resort.The barriers for restraint‐free environment practice included contextual demand, lack of knowledge on restraint and lack of alternatives to restraint. What are the implications for practice?: Nurse educators should develop and evaluate related educational training programmes to promote the development of alternative effective skills in handling violence instead of physical restraint.Policy makers should develop strategies to remove the barriers to a restraint‐free environments. Introduction: Physical restraint is common in psychiatric care; nurses' attitudes are crucial as nurses often implement the procedure. Previous reviews include studies exploring coercive methods but do not specifically focus on physical restraint. Aims: This integrated mixed‐method systematic review aimed to examine nurses' attitudes towards the use of physical restraint in psychiatric care and the factors influencing these attitudes. Methods: Six databases were searched from 2000 to 2021. Thematic integrative analysis was used to synthesize the data. Results: Ten studies were included. Five themes encapsulate nurses' attitudes towards physical restraint: "emotional responses," "moral conflicts," "ensuring safety for all," "a necessary nursing intervention" and "a last resort." Three themes were identified for factors influencing attitudes: "contextual demands," "level of knowledge" and "alternatives to restraint." Discussion: Nurses' attitudes were marked by negative feelings and moral conflict towards the use of physical restraint. However, nurses applied physical restraint as an ordinary nursing intervention. Educational interventions and the leadership role may facilitate the change of current practice to a restraint‐free environment. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses should work to remove the barriers to restraint‐free environment and develop effective skills that can be used as alternatives to physical restraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Depression is the most common cause of mental illness amongst older people. As a result of the growth of the older population, it is expected that an increasing number of older people will need treatment. Depression can be effectively treated—but fewer than half of those who are affected receive treatment.Barriers to receiving treatment are lack of resources and trained healthcare providers, social stigma, incorrect diagnoses and long distances to treatment facilities. There is an increased need for alternative ways of treating patients with depression. The use of video consultations has shown to be a viable option for delivering mental health care to older patients. Use of video consultations allows patients to receive treatment in their own homes. None of the existing reviews have focused on satisfaction with the use of video consultations amongst older people with depression. This paper provides knowledge regarding the use of video consultations, especially for older people with depression. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: No previous review has sought to understand the use of video consultations in mental health care to older patients with depression. The results show that video consultations support mental health practice, especially as a useful alternative when face‐to‐face therapy is not possible. An initial scepticism from participants quickly disappeared when video consultations were experienced in action. The challenges associated with the use of video consultations seem to consist of technical problems and lack of support from staff. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health practitioners should consider the use of video consultations because it can support mental health practice, especially as a useful alternative when face‐to‐face therapy is not possible. Introduction: Depression is the leading cause of mental illness amongst an ageing population and fewer than half of those who are affected receive treatment. There is an increased need for alternative ways of treating patients; the use of video consultations has been shown to be a viable option for delivering mental health care. However, none of the existing reviews have focused on satisfaction with the use of video consultations amongst older people with depression and providers. Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature focusing on patients' and providers' experiences of video consultations for depression. Method: Eight scientific databases were searched. In all, 3,537 articles were identified and, of these, 21 peer‐reviewed articles were included in this review. Results: The results show that video consultations support mental health practice, especially as a useful alternative when face‐to‐face therapy is not possible. Any initial scepticism quickly disappeared when video consultations were experienced in action. The challenges seem to consist of technical problems and lack of support from staff. Discussion: The experiences and satisfaction of older people with depression seem to be positive, although methodological limitations and deficiencies of the reviewed articles should be considered. More qualitative research is needed, and future studies should focus on specific diagnoses and providers' experiences. Implications for practice: Video consultations support mental health practice, especially as a useful alternative when face‐to‐face therapy is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Being a caregiver of a relative with severe mental illness often impacts the quality of life, physical and mental health.The use of coping strategies related to spirituality can enhance physical and mental well‐being. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This review found 26 primary studies that refer to spiritual aspects of the experience of caring for a relative with mental health problems.Caregivers express spiritual needs, such as hope and finding meaning in life, and spiritual or religious practices that help to cope with stressful situations. What are the implications for practice?: Spiritual needs and spiritual coping strategies of family caregivers of a relative with severe mental illness should be included in mental health nursing care.A spiritually sensitive approach should be used when promoting coping strategies of the family caregivers of a relative with severe mental illness. Introduction: Deinstitutionalization of individuals with severe mental illness transferred the responsibility of care to the relatives who need to adapt their personal life. Caregivers often develop coping strategies which involve the relationship with oneself, others, or the transcendent/God or nature and may include religious/spiritual practices. Question/Aim: This review aims to identify the spiritual aspects of the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community‐dwelling adult with severe mental illness. Method: The review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Search was conducted in March 2019, updated in August 2020, limited to English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: A total of 26 studies were included. Two synthesized findings emerged: spiritual coping strategies are used by family caregivers; spiritual needs are expressed by family caregivers. The findings are based on the experiences of 467 caregivers, from 14 countries. Discussion: In stressful times, family caregivers question the meaning in life and acknowledge hopelessness. To cope, caregivers mention a turn to the sacred and the use of spiritual/religious practices. Implications for practice: Spirituality should be considered according to caregivers' individual beliefs and needs, as may represent important resources for the sense of meaning and overall well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: The complexity and high prevalence of schizotypal personality disorders (SPD) pose serious challenges for mental health practice in its management, and also bring severe consequences for the patients.The identification of the specific early life factors (ELFs) that confer risk to SPD has become a major focus of clinical research on schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders which aligns well with the mental health nursing's responsibility in health promotion, prevention and treatment. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Adolescents may experience certain ELFs, which contribute to the occurrence of SPD, but no systematic review has been conducted to identify ELF among them. And nursing literature addressing modifiable ELF is very limited.Two clusters of ELF and SPD in adolescents were identified: prenatal and early postnatal factors; childhood trauma and parental factors.The findings also show that more research is needed to determine the specificity and cumulative effects of ELF on the development of SPD by using rigorous and comprehensive measurements and a longitudinal design. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses, especially nurses in the primary care, should be aware of potentially modifiable ELFs and incorporate more comprehensive and valid instrument for assessing cumulative ELF and SPD.These findings may serve to inform possible future interventions for SPD, such as parent education and support to mitigate these risk factors. Introduction: Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) affects 4% of the general population in the United States. The identification of early life factors (ELFs) that confer risk to SPD in adolescents (ages 10–24 years old) has become a major focus of clinical research on schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders. Aim: This systematic review aims to determine what ELFs contribute to the onset of SPD in the adolescent population. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychiatry online, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was conducted using relevant keywords. Data were extracted using a standardized form following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Twenty‐four studies met the criteria for inclusion. ELFs in the development of SPD were grouped into two important clusters: (a) prenatal and early postnatal factors; (b) childhood trauma and parental factors. Conclusion: Mental health nurses, especially nurses in primary care, should be aware of potentially modifiable ELF. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the causative roles of these ELF play in the occurrence of SPD by using rigorous measurements. Implications for practice: These findings call for awareness of the modifiable ELF for SPD and also inform possible future interventions to reduce these risks, such as parent‐training or environmental enrichment programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Evidence indicates a strong relationship between patient activation (i.e. confidence, knowledge and skills to self‐manage health) and positive health behaviours and outcomes in a variety of clinical populations.Because persons with mental health disorders experience significant disease burden but often underutilize mental health treatment or experience poor treatment outcomes, they would likely benefit from increases in activation.No systematic reviews have been conducted to summarize and synthesize research on patient activation in persons with mental health disorders. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review to identify factors associated with activation and interventions that have shown to be effective in persons with mental health disorders.This integrative review indicates that better health status, less depression, positive health attitudes and behaviours, and higher quality therapeutic relationships may be associated with higher levels of activation in persons with mental health disorders.This review also indicates that a variety of interventions, most notably educational programs, are effective in increasing levels of patient activation in persons with mental health disorders. What are the implications for practice?: Psychiatric mental health nurses and other clinicians should consider routine assessment of patient activation to inform individualized treatment plans for their clients.Clinicians should aim to form high‐quality therapeutic relationships with clients as a way to promote higher levels of activation.Interventions that have been found to be effective in improving activation could be offered in a variety of mental health settings. Introduction: Patient activation is understanding one's role in the healthcare process and having confidence, knowledge, and skills to self‐manage one's health and health care. Researchers have begun to investigate patient activation in persons with mental health disorders, but no systematic reviews have been conducted to summarize and synthesize this research. For psychiatric mental health nurses and other clinicians to develop strategies to increase patient activation in this population, more information is needed about factors associated with activation and interventions that increase activation. Review Questions: (1) What factors are associated with levels of activation in persons diagnosed with mental health disorders? (2) What interventions have shown to be effective at increasing levels of activation in persons diagnosed with mental health disorders? Method: A 5‐stage integrative review as described by Whittemore & Knafl. Results: Twenty‐nine articles were included in the review. Ten provided correlations between activation and other factors, and 20 examined the effects of interventions on activation. Some studies revealed significant correlations between a variety of health and treatment‐related factors, and others revealed that some interventions, most notably educational programs, were shown to increase activation. Discussion: The findings of this comprehensive review can inform psychiatric mental health nurses and other clinicians in developing strategies to increase activation in the patients with whom they work. More research is needed to provide a deeper understanding of the role of activation in the recovery and treatment of persons with mental health disorders. Implications for Practice: Psychiatric nurses and other clinicians should assess for patient activation and incorporate strategies to increase levels of activation in patients in their practice. Positive therapeutic relationships likely enhance activation in persons with mental health disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Shared decision‐making is a concept originating in the medical field, and it is ideally based on a trustful relationship between the patient and the health professionals involved.Shared decision‐making shows potential to strengthen patient autonomy and encourages patients to become involved in decisions regarding their treatment. What does the paper add to existing knowledge?: A universal concept and understanding of shared decision‐making with relevance specifically to psychiatric clinical practice could not be identified in the analysed literature.Shared decision‐making refers to a process, and how and whether the patient wishes to participate in the decision‐making process should be clarified from the very beginning.On the basis of this synthesizing review, a process model for psychiatric practice was specified and illustrated to help lead health professionals, patients and other supporters through the decision‐making process. What are the implications for practice?: The process of shared decision‐making should be made visible to all persons involved, and it should be stated at the beginning that a decision must be made.Decisions regarding treatment are usually not limited to a single consultation.A collaborative approach including multiple health professionals and other supporters, such as peer workers and family members, is required.Psychiatric nurses could support patients during the process of decision‐making and provide additional information, if requested. Introduction: Patient involvement in decisions regarding treatment has increasingly been supported in health care, and therefore, shared decision‐making (SDM), as an informative and participative approach, is promoted in the scientific literature. Aim: To review the current state of research regarding the conceptual understanding and implementation of SDM in psychiatric clinical practice. Method: An integrative review that included empirical, theoretical and conceptual research published between 1997 and 2019 was conducted. For this, five health‐related databases were searched. Results: Fourteen articles were included in the synthesis. No universal conceptual understanding of SDM regarding psychiatric care could be identified, although several articles highlighted the link with other concepts, such as autonomy and patient‐centeredness. Furthermore, four additional key themes with relevance for the successful implementation of SDM in clinical practice were determined. Discussion: SDM refers to a process and is usually not limited to a single consultation. SDM shows the potential to enhance patient‐centred and recovery‐oriented care. A collaborative approach including multiple health professionals, peer workers and family members is required. Implications for Practice: The process of SDM should be made visible for all parties involved. Nurses in particular could play a key role by collecting information regarding patient's preferences and by providing support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject: People with mental disorders have increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are preventable by improved lifestyle regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and dietary behaviours.Forensic mental health service users are treated for longer periods of time compared to non‐forensic mental health service users, giving the opportunity to affect the lifestyle for a substantial period of time. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: This review gathers existing research on forensic mental health service users' lifestyle regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary behaviours and factors influencing it. The lifestyle was found to be unfavourable with many patients being smokers, having problematic alcohol consumption, being physically inactive and eating a diet of poor nutritional value and rich in calories. Therefore, it seems likely that an unfavourable lifestyle is one reason for the excess mortality from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Smoking cessation and improving dietary habits was perceived difficult, but nicotine replacement and practical advice was suggested to support a change. What are the implications for practice: The treatment period gives an opportunity to improve the lifestyle of forensic mental health service users to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in this high‐risk group.We recommend a holistic approach, when planning the prevention activities, since activities that are perceived fun are more likely to succeed. Introduction: People with mental disorders have increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, both of which can be prevented by lifestyle. Aim: To review existing research, in order to investigate the characteristics of, and factors that influence forensic mental health service users' (FMU) health behaviours. Method: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus for primary research on FMU's health behaviours regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and dietary behaviours, and factors that influence them. Results: We found 13 eligible studies. The findings consistently indicated the presence of unfavourable health behaviours in FMU: Smoking, problematic alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and a high‐calorie diet of poor nutritional value. Changing smoking and dietary habits was perceived as difficult, but nicotine replacement and practical advice were suggested to support change. Discussion: The existing research on FMU's health behaviours is sparse. In particular, there is a lack of research on factors that influence health behaviours. From our findings, it seems likely that FMU's unfavourable health behaviours contribute to their increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Implications for practice: FMU's health behaviours should be improved to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in this high‐risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome suffer from a broad range of comorbid somatic and/or psychiatric conditions.The various health problems in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome limit their ability to perform daily activities and also negatively affect their social functioning. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome have complex somatic and psychiatric comorbid conditions co‐occurring with behavioural and functional problems. They are compounded by patients' poor self‐awareness regarding their health status and functioning. What are the implications for practice?: This review demonstrates that patients with Korsakoff's syndrome should receive integrated care.Integrated care for patients with Korsakoff's syndrome should be based on accurate multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostics in which nurses and nurse assistants have a prominent role due to their central position in the care process patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. Introduction: The literature shows that Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with a wide range of severe comorbid somatic and psychiatric health problems that lead to care needs in several domains of functioning. Aim: To provide a comprehensive overview of Korsakoff patients' health conditions and related care needs. Method: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and CINAHL up to January 2019. After applying our inclusion criteria, two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed methodological quality. Results: Twelve articles were included. The commonest somatic comorbid conditions were liver disease, cardiovascular disease, COPD and diabetes mellitus. The commonest psychiatric comorbid conditions were mood disorder, personality disorder and psychotic disorder. Anxiety, aggressive/agitated behaviour, depressive symptoms and care needs in social functioning and (instrumental) activities of daily living were also very commonly reported. Discussion: In patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, somatic and psychiatric comorbid conditions co‐occur with behavioural and functional problems. They are compounded by patients' poor self‐awareness regarding their health status and functioning. Adequate responses to their care needs require high‐quality integrated care. Implications for practice: Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome should receive integrated care based on accurate multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostics in which nurses have a prominent role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) and family intervention (FI) for psychosis are effective evidence‐based interventions, but they are practically difficult to be implemented in many clinical settings.The CBTp and FI approaches have been integrated to form cognitive behavioural family intervention (CBFI). This brief intervention may be more feasible to implement in clinical practice.A few individual studies reported the effectiveness of CBFI, but no systematic review and meta‐analysis have been conducted. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: CBFI was effective for reducing overall positive and negative symptoms immediately following the intervention.Compared to CBTp, the intervention seems to be more effective to reduce delusions. What are the implications for practice?: The results of this review suggest that the brief CBFI is an effective family‐inclusive intervention that could be integrated into clinical practice.Mental health nurses with adequate training and support may implement and develop CBFI to improve the recovery of people diagnosed with SMI and support their families. Introduction: Cognitive behavioural family intervention (CBFI) may be an effective brief psychosocial intervention for people diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) and their families. No systematic review has summarized the effectiveness of CBFI. Aim: This review aimed to systematically examine the trial evidence of the effectiveness of CBFI versus treatment as usual (TAU) on improving the outcomes of people diagnosed with SMI and their families. Method: Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified from nine databases. Three investigators independently took part in selection of articles, data extraction and risk assessment. Pooled treatment effects were computed using random‐effects models. Results: Four studies consisting of 524 participants were included. The risk of bias was low–unclear in most areas. The pooled CBFI effect on four service user outcomes including overall positive symptoms, delusions, overall negative symptoms and general psychopathology was significantly improved at post‐treatment, compared with TAU, whereas effects on hallucinations and insight were equivocal. Discussion: The findings reveal that CBFI is superior to TAU in treating positive and negative symptoms immediately following the intervention. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses may practise CBFI to enrich the psychiatric nursing service and promote nurse‐led intervention. However, there is currently no substantial evidence that the intervention is effective over the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: In many countries, the majority of psychiatric care is being delivered in an outpatient setting and the proportion of outpatients is increasing on a global level. Nurses are the largest workforce in psychiatric care, but their role has been said to be difficult to define.According to our knowledge, there are no previous reviews focusing on nurse‐delivered interventions in the adult psychiatric outpatient setting. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This review summarizes nurse‐delivered interventions identified in the research literature and describes these systematically. Analysing all the identified interventions using the Nursing Interventions Classification, we conclude that the emphasis of nurse‐delivered interventions in psychiatric outpatient care is on interventions aiming at improving the functioning of both patients and their family members by building on their own strengths. These findings differ from those presented in a review on inpatient psychiatric nursing.There are several clinical trials describing nurse‐delivered evidence‐based treatments, such as psychoeducation for patients and their family members in the case of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The quality of randomized controlled trials was higher than in earlier reviews describing psychiatric nursing interventions in general or in connection with a specific patient group. Further clinical trials are needed to describe the role of nurses in the care of patients diagnosed with depression and in the use of web‐based interventions. Additionally, it would be important to study what supports, and on the other hand hinders, the role of nurses in delivering evidence‐based treatments at the clinical level. What are the implications for practice?: Nurses can play a central role in responding to the growing demand for evidence‐based practices in adult outpatient psychiatry, by delivering treatments for patients and family members.It is important that both nursing education and clinical practices recognize and support this role. Introduction: According to our knowledge, there are no previous reviews on nurse‐delivered interventions in the adult psychiatric outpatient setting. Aim: To identify and systematically describe and analyse nurse‐delivered interventions based on research literature. Method: An integrative review. Results: This review included 60 studies, of which 46 were intervention studies, including 40 clinical trials. The most common patient groups were patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The nursing interventions described in the studies resembled a total of 68 interventions from the Nursing Interventions Classification. The treatment delivery methods varied and treatments often lacked a clear theoretical background. Implications for practice: The core of nurse‐delivered interventions identified in research literature in psychiatric outpatient care is on interventions aiming at improving the functioning of both patients and their family members by building on their own strengths. These findings differ from the interventions identified in a review describing nursing in the inpatient setting. There are high‐quality clinical trials describing nurse‐delivered treatments for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These include evidence‐based treatments such as psychoeducation. Understanding of how these treatments are transferred in clinical practice is missing. Clinical trials describing nurse‐delivered web‐based interventions and interventions for patients diagnosed with depression are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Art therapy (AT) has been widely utilized as a therapeutic approach for clinical nurses. In recent years, more and more researchers have applied art therapy to enhance clinical nurses' mental well‐being. However, many studies conducted in this area have suffered from limited sample sizes and insufficient research evidence. Aim: This study aims to conduct a systematic evaluation of the efficacy of art therapy on the mental health of clinical nurses. Methods: RCTs on art therapy for clinical nurses were searched across databases such as PubMed, Embase, etc., the results were analysed using RevMan 5.3. Results: There were 19 RCTs encompassing 1338 clinical nurses involved in this analysis. The Meta‐analysis revealed that art therapy exhibited a significant reduction in anxiety levels (measured by the SAS) among clinical nurses, as well as depression levels and perceived stress levels (measured by the CPSS). Furthermore, art therapy demonstrated a reduction in negative coping style and an improvement in positive coping style. Discussion: Findings indicate that art therapy can reduce anxiety, depression and stress levels in clinical nurses, while also enhance positive coping styles and promote mental well‐being. Therefore, the widespread implementation of art therapy in this context is highly recommended. Declaration: I hereby declare that my article is directly relevant to the field of mental health nursing. It highlights the critical importance of psychological well‐being and supplements the evidence on The effects of art therapy on the occupational mental health of clinical nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Explain the use of case formulation as a way of involving people experiencing mental health issues in their treatment options., Case formulation is a framework that informs a choice of psychological treatments and links assessment and treatment phases to guide practitioners and individuals on treatment options., This paper investigates its value and discusses training and supervision of professionals undertaking case formulation., It includes information on how individuals with mental health issues are fully included in the process., The findings conclude that case formulation is worthwhile and suggests improved training to improve individual outcomes., Abstract Changes in mental health provision have led to practitioners and service providers reviewing how they incorporate service users in assessment processes and treatment decisions. Case formulation ( CF) is a framework that informs a choice of psychological treatments providing a bridge between assessment and treatment phases to guide treatment options. However, CF is not routinely practised in mental health; hence this paper reviews CF literature to establish its efficacy for service users experiencing mental health issues. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy, reliability and validity of CF and its process and function in providing treatment for service users experiencing mental health issues and to explore practitioner training requirements. A systematic search of English language publications on CF and treatment frameworks from 1999-2011 was conducted searching electronic databases. Additionally, two seminal pieces of CF work were included. The findings demonstrate evidence of CF's efficacy and suggest practitioner training programmes to increase professional expertise and enhance service user outcomes. However, limited evidence exists and further research is required to address efficacy and training implications of CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Laughter yoga is claimed to promote mental health and has become increasingly popular worldwide.There has been no systematic review of laughter yoga intervention studies and thus evidence of its effects on mental health is unclear. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: Laughter Yoga interventions improved depressive symptoms in two studies over the short term.There is a lack of good quality evidence to show that laughter yoga is more effective than other group‐based interventions in improving mental health. What are the implications for practice?: Well‐conducted and clearly reported trials of laughter yoga are needed before the intervention can be considered as an evidence‐based intervention to improve mental health. Introduction: Laughter Yoga is claimed to promote mental health and is increasingly popular worldwide. Despite its popularity, there has been no systematic review of Laughter Yoga intervention studies and thus evidence of its effects on mental health is unclear. Aim: This review aimed to critically evaluate the effects of group‐based Laughter Yoga on improving mental health in adults. Method: We conducted a systematic review of experimental studies (published from 1995 to 2017). Study quality was assessed, the effect sizes for individual mental health outcomes were calculated and all reviewed studies were narratively synthesized. Results: Six experimental studies with inconsistent results were included in this review. The most promising effect of Laughter Yoga is the improvement of depressive symptoms, indicating significant medium‐large effect sizes in two studies over the short term. The overall level of evidence was weak due to poor study quality and risks of bias. Discussion: Laughter Yoga shows potential, but currently there is insufficient evidence to support its effectiveness in improving mental health when compared to other group‐based interventions. Implications for practice: This review highlights the need to conduct rigorous trials of laughter yoga before the intervention can be considered as an evidence‐based intervention to improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known about the subject?: Euthanasia because of unbearable mental suffering (UMS euthanasia) has been legal in Belgium since 2002 under strict conditions of careful practice. UMS euthanasia occurs fairly rarely in Belgium, but the frequency has increased substantially over the past few years. Although most mental health nurses play an important role and are supportive of euthanasia in general, their role, attitude and knowledge when it comes to UMS euthanasia were unknown until now. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: Most mental health nurses in Belgium appear to be supportive towards UMS euthanasia and where UMS euthanasia is carried out, mental health nurses are often involved in the preceding decision‐making process. Mental health nurses critically reflect on the interpretation and application of the legal euthanasia criteria as experienced in their daily work with their patients, and identify several problems. After a rather quiet period in Belgium, the public ethical debate regarding UMS euthanasia has recently been reopened and intensified. What are the implications for practice?: Sufficient attention must be paid to how mental health nurses can be involved in the process of UMS euthanasia. This applies at several levels: legal, healthcare policy, bedside care and education. Specific attention must be paid within the UMS euthanasia process to ensure adequate cooperation between physicians, nurses and patients. There is a need for proper training in: knowledge of psychiatric pathologies and remaining treatment options; communication skills; the legal framework and all its difficulties; transdisciplinary and multicultural approaches; ethical reflection and how nurses handle their own emotions. Abstract: Introduction: Euthanasia because of unbearable mental suffering (UMS euthanasia) has been legal in Belgium since 2002, under certain circumstances that govern careful practice. Despite the legal framework, there are specific difficulties and concerns regarding UMS euthanasia. Mental health nurses are often involved in the process, but little is known about their attitudes towards UMS euthanasia, their role and their knowledge. Aim: To determine the attitudes, role and knowledge of mental health nurses regarding UMS euthanasia. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was performed at a convenience sample of four psychiatric hospitals in Belgium (n = 133) as a pilot study. Self‐administered questionnaires were provided to mental health nurses. Results: Half the nurses in our sample had been involved at least once in the process of UMS euthanasia. A large majority of mental health nurses were supportive of UMS euthanasia. Nurses show differences in attitudes related to the different psychiatric pathologies of the patients, and in whether or not minors are involved. In some cases, they believed that the mental suffering of psychiatric patients can be unbearable and irreversible and that psychiatric patients can be competent to voluntarily request UMS euthanasia. Nurses stated that they have an important role in the UMS euthanasia process, but also demanded more knowledge and clear guidelines to implement the procedure. Discussion: Nurses have a key role regarding UMS euthanasia but face several challenges: the recent process, resistance to a multidisciplinary approach by psychiatrists and an unclear role defined by the legal framework. Nurses do not appear to have a common voice on the topic and the development of clear guidelines appears to be essential. Social recovery can offer a way out of an UMS euthanasia request, but it will not always offer a solution. Implications for Practice: Sufficient attention must be paid to how mental health nurses can be involved in the process of UMS euthanasia at various levels: bedside practice, healthcare management, education and policy. A form of systematic cooperation between nurses, physicians and patients can contribute to the utmost careful decision‐making process needed in these cases. There is a need for proper training in: knowledge of psychiatric pathologies and remaining treatment options; communication skills; the legal framework and all its difficulties; transdisciplinary and multicultural approaches; ethical reflection and how nurses handle their own emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Intimate partner violence (IPV) has a significant impact on the onset, duration and recurrence of mental health problems., Prevalence rates of IPV are significantly higher in mental health services, but the studies are limited., Accurate assessment of IPV is important for decision making in risk assessment and safety planning within mental health nursing., Psychometrically tested tools are the most accurate way to identifying all areas of IPV abuse: physical, sexual and psychological., What this paper adds to existing knowledge? Ten IPV screening tools were identified in healthcare and three tools; Women Abuse Screen Tool (WAST), Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and Humiliation, Afraid, Rape and Kick (HARK) were identified as having strong psychometric values as they assessed all areas of IPV and were validated against an appropriate reference standard., None of the three IPV tools identified (WAST, AAS, HARK) were tested on men or in mental health settings impacting the gender sensitivities of the tools and the reliability of the prevalence rates of IPV in mental healthcare., Over seventy percent of the studies reviewed were conducted in America this impacts the cultural sensitivities of the IPV tools., What are the implications for practice? IPV screening needs to be incorporated as a priority in mental health services in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality issues associated with this abuse., Psychometric tools to screen for IPV need to be incorporated to assist mental health professionals in decision making in risk assessment and safety planning., Further research is needed to improve the psychometric properties of IPV tools in mental health settings, to ensure they are culturally and gender sensitive., Abstract Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health priority due to the physical and mental impacts it has on health. No existing reviews have focused on the psychometric properties of IPV screening tools used to screen men and women within a mental health context. This review aimed to identify the best psychometrically tested screening tools available to assess all areas of IPV in men and women in mental health setting. Method Databases psycArticles, PsycINFO, Social Science, CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane were searched from their starting date through to July 2015. Eligible studies were published in peer-reviewed publications in English. Results Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten IPV screening tools were identified. Three tools assessed all areas of IPV and were validated against an appropriate reference standard. One study tested IPV screening tool in a mental health setting. Conclusion Mental health nurses need to incorporate a psychometrically tested IPV tool as part of risk assessment and safety planning for clients. This review identified three tools that are suitable for identifying IPV in a mental health context. However, further research is necessary to validate IPV screening tools that are culturally sensitive and have been validated with men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Some mental health nurses have now been prescribing for their clients for several years. When suitably qualified they can prescribe the same range of medication as medical staff. Concern was expressed that nurse prescribers might become more like doctors and as a result would sacrifice their nursing skills., The views of those who have their medication prescribed by mental health nurses as well as views of nurse prescribers, pharmacist prescribers, nurse managers and doctors were explored by using interviews and focus groups. Most participants saw the inclusion of prescribing in the nursing role as a benefit to clients. Rather than detracting from the nurse patient relationship, results from this study suggest that the nurse patient relationship was improved and more holistic care was provided., Nurse prescribing is well received by those who have experienced it., As nurse prescribing effects a change of power dynamics this could result in the need for less involvement of the medical profession in clients' care. As clients found nurses easier to talk to about their medication than doctors, medication concordance could be increased. Medication reconciliation could also be increased as medications no longer required by clients were more likely to be reduced or stopped by nurse prescribers. Discontinuing medication may indicate a new culture around mental health nurse prescribing. It may be that this trend has an impact on future service provision to clients. Results suggest that clients prefer to have their medication prescribed by nurses., Abstract Mental health nurse prescribing has been established in some areas in the UK for quite some time. Other than speculation that nurse prescribing would have a detrimental effect on the nurse-patient relationship, little has been written about the impact of nurse prescribing to date. Bradley and Nolan found that prescribing allowed nurses to overcome difficulties in the health-care system which would have previously delayed clients' access to medicines. Prescribing was believed to compliment many aspects of nursing and integrated previously diffuse aspects of the nursing role. Latter and Courtenay found that clients were generally satisfied with nurse prescribing. The aim of this study was to explore the impact mental health nurse prescribing has had on those involved. The views of clients, nurse prescribers, pharmacist prescribers, nurse managers and doctors were investigated. Questionnaires were used to gather demographic data and basic qualitative data. Focus groups and interviews were undertaken with 57 participants. The study was undertaken within one National Health Service Foundation Trust in England. Data analysis was guided by a framework approach. The majority of participants believed that the inclusion of prescribing in mental health nurses' roles improved the nurse-patient relationship, and five themes including the relationship, concordance, power, treatment approach and 'unprescribing' emerged. Trust was highly valued, and clients found nurses easier to talk to about their medication than doctors. Rather than detracting from the nurse-patient relationship, results from this study suggest that nurse prescribing enables mental health nurse prescribers to provide more holistic care than previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is growing interest in Mental health literacy (MHL) worldwide, given its important role in overcoming barriers to service use and reducing mental health disparities. However, little is known about MHL among Arabs. Aim: We conducted a scoping review to examine MHL levels and correlates among Arabs in both Arab and non‐Arab countries, based on Jorm's MHL framework. Methods: We conducted a scoping review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, using six electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Soc Index, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data were summarized and synthesized. Results: Nine studies examining MHL among Arabs met our inclusion criteria. Seven of them used a quantitative cross‐sectional design. Four studies were conducted in Arab, and five were in non‐Arab countries. Five studies were conducted among university students. The studies included indicate moderate to high levels of MHL. Higher MHL was associated with female gender, personal experience of mental health illness, and with help‐seeking behaviours. Conclusions: Our review shows a significant lack of empirical studies on Arabs' MHL. These findings should be considered as a call for action for public health researchers, mental health workers, and policymakers to prioritize research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary The literature review was intended to form an understanding of the patient safety concept and its intension in psychiatric inpatient care and its constitutive factors from the perspective of organization management, staff and patients., Organization safety culture is present in all aspects of patient safety and within it organization management has a major role in creating good working conditions and environment for the staff. Staff produces its individual output, which is influenced by management, while the patient's role is more that of an informant according to the existing literature. In future, there will definitely be a need to emphasize the patient's role in developing patient safety practices and organization safety culture., It is important to develop inpatient care by paying attention to the diversity of the patient safety concept as different aspects are so closely connected. Lack of attention in one area may affect others, leading to errors and adverse events in care. The diversity of the concept should be noted in research, education, and when making patient safety plans in organizations., Abstract Patient safety is widely discussed, but little has been written from the perspective of psychiatric inpatient care, nor on which factors create its patient safety. This paper seeks to understand the concept of patient safety and its intension in psychiatric inpatient care, and to identify factors in organization management, staff and patients' roles which constitute patient safety in such units. A literature search was conducted, and the articles selected were analysed by identifying factors defined to be connected to patient safety and classifying them according to their connection to organization management, staff and patient roles. According to the literature, organization safety culture is present in all aspects of patient safety. Organization management has the main role in patient safety within the organization culture, for example, through leadership, safety practices and creating good working conditions and environment for the staff. Staff's role is influenced by management, but has more individual input in different areas, while the patient's role is more that of an informant so that care can be planned according to the patient's preferences. When developing patient safety it is important to remember the diversity of the concept so that all areas are considered in the developmental work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dialectical behaviour therapy(DBT) has been widely used for borderline personality disorder(BPD). Existing studies are limited to behaviours such as self‐harm, and the results for reducing self‐harm were controversial. Few have systematically evaluated the effect of DBT on self‐harming behaviours and negative emotions. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effects of DBT on self‐harming behaviours and negative emotions in patients with BPD. Methods: RCTs on DBT for BPD were searched from PubMed, Embase, etc., and the results were performed by RevMan 5.3. Results: The meta‐analysis demonstrated that DBT reduced self‐harming behaviours, and alleviated depression, but had a negligible effect on suicidal ideation and anger. One subgroup revealed that standard DBT improved depression significantly, but DBT skills training improved poorly. Another subgroup revealed that there was a significant reduction in depression among patients receiving DBT for 4 months to 14 months, but not at 4 months. Discussion and implications for practice: Findings indicate that DBT can reduce self‐harming behaviours and improve depression, but effects on suicidal ideation and anger are insignificant. Subgroup analysis suggests that standard DBT and DBT‐ST lasting beyond 4 months benefits on BPD. Given the quality and quantity restrictions of RCTs, more high‐quality RCTs need to verify these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a lack of research into psychiatric patient's perceptions of coercion that discriminates between different types of coercive measures, while also investigating patient's perceptions of undergoing coercion as a process. This knowledge is required to improve our understanding and provide a foundation for improving clinical practice. Aims: To review existing research literature in order to investigate adult psychiatric patient's reported perceptions of situations before, during and after specific and defined types of coercive measures, and to investigate what patients perceive as moderating factors, in regard to the use of these coercive measures. Method: A systematic review and thematic analysis of 26 peer-reviewed studies was undertaken. Results: The analysis identified six themes and additional subthemes, where "interactions with professionals" and "communication" were predominant themes across the timeline of coercion. Altogether, themes were associated with either "positive or negative patient-perceived impact." Implications for practice: Increased sensitivity to patient's views of the situation at each point in the process is desirable in order to respond to the patient's individual needs. Professionals also need to articulate concern and empathy towards the patient and to improve communication skills before, during and after a coercive incident. Use of de-escalation and noncoercive strategies is required. Relevance statement: Coercion within psychiatric/mental health care remains controversial and repeated international calls have recommended a reduction of their use. This review indicates that greater attention to how patients perceive the use of coercive measures (before, during and after incidents) needs to be considered in order to improve the evidence-based and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that persists into adulthood for more than half of those diagnosed., Pharmacotherapy is the first line treatment, but alone may not be sufficient., When comparing the effectiveness of researched psychotherapies, cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT) is one of the most efficacious treatments., This literature synthesis offers some intervention guidance for nurses and other clinicians who care for patients with ADHD., Abstract Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), a disorder generally associated with children, has become a valid disorder for adults in the last decade. The first line treatment of adult ADHD is medications, but historically there have been limitations to medication as the only treatment. Psychotherapy has become a feasible modality in the treatment of ADHD for those who have residual symptoms. The aim of this review of literature is to compare cognitive behaviour therapy with other psychotherapeutic treatment for effectiveness in improving symptoms of ADHD in adults and adolescences. The evidence-based practice approach by Stillwell et al. is adopted to guide the systematic review. The use of this small evidence utilization project that led to a synthesis of available research will provide direction for future research and expand knowledge in treatment for adult ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]