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The iron-doped nickel hydroxide/oxide electrodes/catalysts of different surface morphologies are prepared without adding any divalent nickel precursor by the in-situ hydrothermal oxidation process following air-annealing at 100, 300, and 500 °C for attempting electrochemical energy storage and water splitting activities. Interestingly, the FeNi-100 (annealed at 100 °C) bud-type globes demonstrate better supercapacitor energy storage performance and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity than its counterparts obtained at higher air annealing temperatures which is attributed to the interaction of various factors such as higher-valen states ratio, specific catalyst material, phase transition temperature, existence of chloride ions, rich-defect vacancy, and amorphous nature. The FeNi-100 bud-type electrode in electrochemical supercapacitor produces as high as 2536 F g−1 specific capacitance at current density of 1 A g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor device of the FeNi-100/bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3) design provides a maximum volumetric energy of 121.7 W h kg−1 at 4 Ag-1 and a power density of 1562.14 W kg−1 and (93.3 % after 10000 cycles at 20 Ag-1). For HER, the as-obtained FeNi-100 electrocatalyst displays an impressive ultra-low overpotential of −15 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with an ultra-small Tafel slope of 65 mV dec−1 and unprecedented long-term stability without any loss of active catalyst material. [Display omitted] • Different unique morphologies of Fe doped α-Ni(OH) 2 /NiO were obtained. • The FeNi-100 electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 2536 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. • The asymmetric FeNi-100/Bi 2 O 3 electrode has excellent electrochemical performance. • The FeNi-100 catalyst displays a small overpotential of 15 mV @ −10 mA cm−2 for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State of charge (SOC) is a critical indicator for lithium–ion battery energy storage system. However, model-driven SOC estimation is challenging due to the coupling of internal charging and discharging processes, ion diffusion, and chemical reactions in the electrode materials. These factors result in frequent changes in their internal characteristics. Therefore, we devise a novel deep learning SOC estimation method based on the attention mechanism (A) and convolutional neural networks-long short term memory (CNN–LSTM) network model. The CNN layers are employed to extract the critical features of the battery dataset. The LSTM layers are utilized to capture the long-term dependencies in the time series data. The attention mechanism can assign attention weights to different features within the output of the convolution layer. The A–CNN–LSTM method not only amplifies the positive influence of critical knowledge but also provides a global reference. The comparative experiments of three datasets and ablation study are carried out. The root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error obtained from the A–CNN–LSTM model decreased by 32.75 %, 45.88 %, and 53.36 %, respectively, compared with the best results obtained from the existing CNN, LSTM, gate recurrent unit (GRU), CNN–LSTM, and CNN–GRU models. The proposed model demonstrates greater stability and consistency than other models, underscoring its efficacy in SOC estimation. • The novel A–CNN–LSTM model is proposed for SOC estimation. • The proposed model shows enhanced stability and accuracy compared to other models. • The new scenario involving containerized energy storage system is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable Zn anodes with high coulombic efficiency is important for the development of safe, low-cost and environmentally friendly aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the performance of Zn anode in AZIBs is deteriorated by its dendrite growth, the corrosion caused by irreversible hydrogen precipitation, and the side reactions occurring during the charge-discharge process. The coating of protective layers on Zn anodes is one of the feasible strategies to overcome these drawbacks. Herein, we coated the chemically stable graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) nanosheets on Zn anodes and well overcome its aggregation to create a homogeneous g-C 3 N 4 layer. This g-C 3 N 4 layer possesses a porous structure and abundant active sites favoring the homogeneous deposition of Zn. At the current density of 5 mA cm−2, the g-C 3 N 4 @Zn electrodes provide an ultra-long cycle life over 1300 h. The full-cells assembled with MnO 2 also exhibit excellent discharge capability and capacity retention. This study advances the application of carbon-related nanomaterials as protective coating layers for Zn anodes, which may further facilitate the exploitation on aqueous energy storage systems. • Improved liquid ultrasonic exfoliation of thin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. • Porous structures and defect sites inhibit dendrite growth. • Over 2500 h Zn2+ plating/peeling lifetime (0.2 mA cm−2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for renewable energy storage solutions highlights the need for systems prioritizing safety, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility of materials and compartments. Unlike traditional flow systems requiring frequent upkeep and extensive space, the static setup of rechargeable zinc-bromide batteries (RZBBs) in an aqueous environment emerges as a promising option due to its component abundance, secure setup, and compact storage volume. This study focuses on the interplay between zinc-bromide complexes and the pores of the carbon cathodes' scaffold. We uncover noteworthy insights by meticulously controlling the porous structure of the carbon scaffold and the ZnBr 2 concentration in the electrolyte while upholding a high Coulombic efficiency (≥96 %). In materials with small pore volumes, even relatively low concentrations and the highest conductivity (3M) lead to space occupation by the complexes impacting the achieved capacity. This is particularly evident at high concentrations (10M) exhibiting low capacities. Conversely, macro-porous carbon-based cathodes (like CNTs) exhibit a reversal of this trend, showcasing advantages at high electrolyte concentrations. These findings indicate a unique behavior of zinc-bromide aqueous electrolytes in porous carbonaceous media, emphasizing the pivotal role of considering the interplay between cathodes' surfaces and electrolyte concentration for optimal performance. • Sheds light on the electrode-electrolyte interface of ZBB in a static configuration. • Unique behavior of zinc-bromide aqueous electrolytes in porous carbonaceous media. • The linkage of multiple zinc-ion complexes in [Zn y -Br x ]2y-x. • The unique systems discussed here belong to the anion⋯anion dimers category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions has led to the emergence of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) as a promising candidate, offering numerous advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety, and performance. The key to commercialising ZIBs lies in developing cathode materials that offer high specific capacity and prolonged cycle performance. The present study demonstrates the capability of environmentally friendly, lead-free inorganic perovskites for high-rate rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries with enhanced stability and excellent rate performance. The battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 220 mAh/g at a current density of 1000 mA/g and a quite stable capacity of 50 mAh/g and a good cycling stability of 20000 cycles at a very high rate of 20 A/g. The caesium bismuth iodide perovskite emerges as a promising candidate for cathode material in Zn-ion batteries, exhibiting high specific capacity and superior rate cyclability. Furthermore, incorporation of Ag in CsBi 3 I 10 is found to enhance the specific capacity and exhibits superior cycling stability. This study marks a significant advancement in the utilisation of perovskite materials as new cathodes for high-rate ZIBs. [Display omitted] • Lead-free, non-toxic, inorganic perovskites have been explored as cathode materials. • Ag-doped CsBi 3 I 10 exhibits a high specific capacity of 220 mAh/g at a rate of 1A/g. • A capacity retention of 72 % after 1000 cycles has been achieved. • Good long-term cycling stability along with excellent rate capability is observed. • Mechanistic insights have been investigated using In-situ and ex-situ studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is growing exponentially, driven by an increasing variety of applications, including consumer electronics, stationary energy storage, and especially electric vehicles. To meet this growing demand, recycling becomes essential because it not only reduces the environmental impact of LIBs but also addresses the shortage of lithium and other valuable metals, such as cobalt, nickel and manganese. This work proposes a technique for the direct recycling of lithium-ion battery cathode materials using electrical discharge in a liquid. Plasma in a liquid creates unique opportunities for purification and restoration of the electrochemical activity of cathode materials due to a combination of physicochemical (irradiation, shock waves, temperature, hydrogen bubbles) and electrochemical (solvated electrons and hydrogen atoms) processes. The result of this treatment is purified cathode material from the conductive additive and binder, with a reduced lithium content. This improves the power characteristics and cycling stability. The processed cathode material demonstrated ∼90 mAh·g−1 at a discharge current of 0.1C and ∼50 mAh·g−1 at a discharge current of 3C, as well as capacity retention after 500 charge‒discharge cycles with a current of 0.25C greater than 90 %. [Display omitted] • Recycled LiMn2O4/NMC 622 cathode material using plasma electrolysis. • Plasma treatment removes impurities, PVDF, carbon black and restores Li content. • Electrochemical performance improves after plasma treatment. • Plasma method combines physical and chemical processes for efficient recycling. • Potential for universal application in lithium-ion battery recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li–S batteries (LSBs) based on the solid-phase conversion reaction that contain microporous carbon (MC) materials as their S hosts exhibit high cycling stabilities. Oxidized MC with O-containing functional groups increases the capacity of LSBs and lowers their internal resistance. Although these polar functional groups should improve the electrolyte affinities of electrode materials, their effects on the MC–S cathode/electrolyte interface have not yet been clarified. Herein, we report the affinity between the MC–S cathode and electrolyte. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the O-containing functional groups form affinity-controlled interphases on the MC–S cathodes, alleviating electrolyte decomposition and the formation of a cathode–electrolyte interphase during LSB cycling. This lowers the internal resistance of the LSB by facilitating unhindered Li-ion conduction, which stabilizes cycling at a low electrolyte [μL]/S [mg] ratio of 2.0, with an improved capacity (from 6.58 to 309.4 mAh g−1) in the second cycle. Thus, the use of an affinity-controlled interphase should improve the energy densities of LSBs and other energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • O-containing groups on microporous carbon as S host promoted solid-phase conversion. • The electrolyte affinity of microporous C–S cathodes was investigated with LF-NMR. • O-containing groups decreased the electrolyte affinity of microporous C–S cathodes. • The affinity-controlled interphase suppressed electrolyte decomposition forming CEI. • LSB could cycle at a low electrolyte/S ratio by the affinity-controlled interphase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for next-generation energy storage systems has led to the development of high-voltage all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), which promise unprecedented energy density and safety. However, the challenge lies in creating of a robust electrolyte that can meet high room temperature ionic conductivity, Li-ion transference number and a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW) while maintaining flexibility and compatibility with lithium metal anodes. Here, novel polyurethane-based composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have been successfully fabricated by the cross-linking reaction of poly(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) diols (poly(ether-ester) soft segment) and hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (hard segment) (PDH) blending with inorganic NASICON-type ceramic fillers Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4) 3 (PDH@LATP). The resulting CPE exhibits an impressive ionic conductivity of 1.65 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and a Li-ion transference number of 0.63, which is attributed to the amorphous structure of PDH and the formation of an interconnected ionic pathway by the inorganic filler. The incorporation of LATP also improve the ESW of CPE to 5.3 V while maintaining good mechanical properties. Therefore, the assembled LiFePO 4 /PDH@LATP/Li batteries displayed low interfacial resistance, Li dendrite suppression, high specific capacity and excellent cyclic performance. The high-voltage LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 /PDH@LATP/Li batteries also exhibits good cycling performance and durability. The design principles and materials presented herein provide a blueprint for the next wave of ASSLMBs. • CPEs involved polyurethane and LATP were prepared to achieve high ionic conductivity and Li-ion transference number. • The flexible CPEs demonstrate significant improvements in both mechanical strength and electrochemical stability window. • The assembled LMBs exhibit low interfacial resistance, Li dendrite suppression and high specific capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research has focused on battery intrinsic optimization, Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), and powertrain control perspectives to enhance battery life. However, the impact of powertrain physical architecture -control multi-layer co-optimization on battery life has been neglected. Therefore, this study innovatively proposes a multi-mode dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT)—from the perspective of powertrain architecture—to reduce battery life degradation by switching between input split (IS) and output split (OS) modes. In order to fully optimize the battery degradation potential, a topology-parameter-control multi-layer co-optimization (TPCMC) method is proposed in this paper. In the topology layer, graph theory method is used for automatic generation, screening and modeling. In the parameter and control layer, a novel near-optimal energy management strategy, Rapid Dynamic Programming+ (Rapid-DP+), is proposed by introducing Pareto optimization, slope filtering, and Battery Life Aging Optimization (BLAO) methods, which improves the computational efficiency by 3500 times with 9.09–21.1 % battery life optimization. The results show that, relative to the Toyota Prius, the optimized powertrain improves the acceleration by 41.3 %, fuel economy by 6.08 %–8.1 %, and battery life degradation by 9.9 %–22.5 % under different driving cycles. This paper contributes to battery life degradation in the electrified transportation through an advanced TPCMC approach. • An advanced TPCMC is proposed to exhaustive battery decay optimization. • Battery degradation model based on experimental data is developed. • An efficient near-optimal control method Rapid-DP+ is engineered. • The optimized DPPG powertrain optimizes 9.9%–22.5 % battery degradation. • Battery degradation optimization of three layers is fully exploited up to 43.6 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer gel electrolyte is a topic for a storage energy device. This work focuses on the double interpenetrating network polymer of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) to graft acrylic acid (AA) and combine ZnCl 2 to form multi-polymer network gel electrolyte for zinc ion supercapacitors. The assembled zinc ion supercapacitors of commercial activated carbon (YP50)//Zn with multi-polymer network gel electrolyte exhibit higher specific capacitance of 272 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1 than the device with polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid (PVA/PAA) or PVA electrolyte. In addition, the zinc ion supercapacitor can achieve a maximum energy density of 151.2 Wh kg−1, higher than traditional electrical double layer supercapacitor YP50//YP50 device. Further, the device can work under different temperatures from −20∼60 °C, which can meet the requirements of some outdoor activities for energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • AA graft to PVA/CMC hydrogen gel electrolyte with ZnCl 2 is synthesized successfully. • The obtained zinc hybrid supercapacitor shows maximum energy density of 151.2 Wh kg−1. • The assembled device can work under different temperatures from −20∼60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt carbonate hydroxide has been widely used in supercapacitor electrodes because of its excellent theoretical electrochemical properties and easy synthesis. However, in actual synthesis, its excellent electrochemical properties are often weakened due to its oxide-like properties, which restricts its further development. Herein, the Bi heteroatoms are introduced into the Co(CO 3) 0.5 (OH)·0.11H 2 O, which not only modifies the microstructure, but also induces the formation of quantum dots, thus improving the performance of supercapacitors. By regulating the doping amount of Bi, the optimized Co/Bi-3:1 exhibits a specific capacitance of 680 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, which is 5.74 times than the pristine Co(CO 3) 0.5 (OH)·0.11H 2 O. Furthermore, the assembled Co/Bi-3:1//activated carbon soft-pack asymmetric supercapacitor has a relatively superior power density (10547.58 W kg−1, relative to 14.06 Wh kg−1 energy density) and energy density (17.83 Wh kg−1, relative to 2146.76 W kg−1 power density). The present study demonstrates that Bi doping not only facilitates the formation of quantum dots and enhances electron conduction ability, but also regulates the microscopic morphology, thereby enhancing the electrochemical energy storage capacity of cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate electrode materials. [Display omitted] • Bi doping induced the formation of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 quantum dots. • The deposition of quantum dots significantly improves the conductivity. • The microstructure of Co(CO 3) 0.5 (OH)·0.11H 2 O was regulated by Bi doping. • The optimized Co/Bi-3:1 exhibits specific capacitance of 680 F g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic capacitors with high reliability and excellent energy storage properties (ESP) under medium electric fields (MEFs) are essential for practical applications. In this paper, (1- x)Bi 0.47 Na 0.47 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 - x CaSb 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 [(1- x)BNBT- x CSBT](x = 0, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3) ceramics with excellent overall ESP under MEFs are prepared through all-scale architectures strategy. Notably, a large recoverable energy density of W rec ∼7.01 J cm−3, accompanied by a high efficiency of η ∼86.4 %, is attained under MEFs (E = 380 kV cm−1) for 0.75BNBT-0.25CSBT ceramic. Within widely varying temperature/frequency (20–200 °C, 10–500 Hz) range, highly stable ESP is also achieved. In addition, the outstanding charge-discharge characteristics (P D = 93 WM cm−3, t 0.9 = 64.09 ns) can be achieved simultaneously. The enhanced energy storage performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the suppression of oxygen vacancies (V O • • ), constructing multiphase polar nanoregions (PNRs) in the superparaelectric state, and refining the particle size. This study offers a new approach to enhance the ESP of dielectric ceramics under MEFs. • 0.75BNBT-0.25CSBT ceramic has ultrahigh W rec of 7.01J cm−3 and η of 86.4 %. • Good stability of frequency (10–500Hz) and temperature (20–200 °C) are achieved. • 0.75BNBT-0.25CSBT ceramic exhibits a fast discharge rate (t 0.9 = 64.09 ns). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relaxing ferroelectric ceramics with excellent energy storage performance are considered as the most prospective candidates applied in energy storage fields such as medical equipment, electric power transportations and military facilities, etc. However, it is difficult to achieve the high recoverable storage density (W rec) in the unitary ceramics, especially under the low electric fields. Therefore, to achieve the outstanding W rec , we utilize Sm3+ to substitute Bi3+ of Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) ceramic, which inhibits the abnormal grain growth, strengthens the breakdown field strength (E B), improves the saturation polarization (P max) and efficiency (ŋ), and enlarging the RT dielectric platform. Therefore, the optimal energy storage properties (W rec of 5.6 J/cm3, ŋ of 75.4 %) are obtained in the Bi 0.42 Na 0.5 Sm 0.08 TiO 3 (BNST) ceramic under the low E B of 305 kV/cm, companying with good temperature (20–180 °C) and frequence (1–220 Hz) stabilization under the electric field of 200 kV/cm. Simultaneously, the P max of 51.3 μC/cm2 is achieved. All the above provide a feasible paradigm for designing dielectric materials with the outstanding energy storage performances and explore fundamental insights into the origin of the P max and the low residual polarization under the low electric field. • The BNST ceramic by introducing Sm3+ realize high P max , ŋ and W rec under low E B. • It has good performance of charging/discharging and t 0.9 is less than 55.2 ns. • Its ergodic state is in −56–351 °C and introducing Sm3+ makes T s decline to RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart stents integrate embedded sensors and advanced technology, providing a real-time diagnostic feedback, particularly for detection of thrombotic events. A continuous monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood vessels is crucial for cardiovascular disease. The provision of a continuous power supply to sensors integrated within blood vessels is challenging. This study introduces a novel device that combines a sensor and supercapacitor, functioning as a ROS sensor and enabling continuous charging and discharging within blood vessels. This device uses yarn-shaped electrodes integrated with cytochrome c and carbon nanotubes (Cyt.c/CNT). The Cyt.c/CNT electrode exhibits a high specificity to ROS with an sensitivity (49.02 μA μM−1 cm−2), as a real-time biosensor for monitoring of cellular ROS levels in living cells. In addition, it exhibited an energy storage performance of 257.95 mF cm−2 as a supercapacitor and maintained a stable performance during 10,000 repeated cycles in various biofluids. Notably, the integration of the Cyt.c/CNT electrode with an enzymatic biofuel cell enables continuous charging and discharging in a biofluid, making it a promising system for in-vivo applications. This study presents the potential of Cyt.c for ROS sensing as well as its potential as an energy storage system, showing new possibilities for implantable devices for cardiovascular diseases. [Display omitted] • Smart stents integrate embedded sensors and advanced technology. • A continuous monitoring ROS in blood vessels is crucial for cardiovascular disease. • Supplying continuous power to integrated sensors in blood vessels is challenging. • Cyt.c/CNT electrode is a novel device that combines ROS sensor and supercapacitor. • Integration of the electrode with a biofuel cell enables continuous power supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overcoming the formidable challenge of achieving multifunctionality and a seamless bio-interface for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is a persistent pursuit. Here, a biomaterial-based nanocomposite designed for both energy harvesting and storage is presented. Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS 2 -NSs) are securely and uniformly incorporated into silk fibroin (SF). The resulting MoS 2 -NS/SF TENG, in conjunction with a tribo-negative polymer, exhibits an open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.95 kV, an average short-circuit current (I sc) of 2.2 μA, and an output power density of 60 μW/cm2—sufficient to illuminate 40 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Notably, exposure to light triggers a substantial increase in V oc s by more than 26 %. Additionally, the MoS 2 -NS/SF nanocomposite enables efficient energy storage, with a frequency-dependent dielectric constant ranging from 28.2 to 2.6. This underscores its potential as a versatile electronic material platform for wearable devices, seamlessly integrating motion sensing, energy harvesting, and charge storage capabilities. [Display omitted] • A Silk fibroin-MoS 2 (MoS 2 -NS/SF) nanocomposites based TENG device is presented. • MoS 2 -NS/SF and PVBVA act as positive and negative triboelectric material. • A high V oc (∼0.95 kV), I sc (∼2.2 μA), and a power density (∼78 mW/cm2) are obtained. • The TENG device shows a high sensitivity against light illumination. • MoS 2 -NS/SF nanocomposite can also be utilized as a charge storing device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a significant enhancement of the electrochemical properties of commercially available high-surface-area bare activated carbon (BAC) through the grafting of catechin hydrate (CH) redox active molecules. The grafting of CH onto the BAC was confirmed by the results from the Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Moreover, this study introduces 3D printed deep eutectic solvent electrolytes, composed of choline chloride and urea, highlighting the potential of sustainable and greener materials in energy storage. A 3D-printed fully bio-inspired supercapacitor achieved a maximum specific capacitance of 75 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 (37 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1), demonstrating performance comparable to that of previously reported state-of-the-art fully 3D-printed and disposable paper supercapacitors (25.6 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 for 1.2 V). Furthermore, the device exhibited electrochemical performance within an extended potential window of 2.0 V, coupled with cycling stability of approximately 90.2 % after 10,000 cycles, offering a specific energy of 20.6 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 560 W kg−1. The developed bio-inspired, eco-friendly, sustainable, 3D-printed supercapacitors can replace the harmful Li-ion batteries currently used in low-power wireless sensor applications. [Display omitted] • Development of fully bio-compatible 3D printed sustainable supercapacitor. • A 3D-printed electrode and deep eutectic solvent-based electrolyte were used. • Device achieves specific capacitance of 75 F g−1 at scan rate of 1 mV s−1 for 2 V. • Device deliver specific energy of 20.6 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 560 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are known as a next-generation energy storage technology due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LPS) between electrodes hinders the practical realization of Li-S batteries, resulting in short cycle life. To address this issue, this work discloses a highly efficient separator with Fe/Zr binary metal-organic framework (MOF) coated on a polypropylene (PP) separator. Fe3+ metal ions were integrated into the UiO-66(Zr)-NH 2 framework through a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The adsorption test confirmed the superior LPS adsorption capability of the UiO-66(Fe/Zr)-NH 2 than monometallic UiO-66(Zr)-NH 2 , which provides not only uniform-sized nanochannels for effective LPS sorption and even Li+ ions transport but also Fe active sites for electrocatalytic conversion of the LPS. UiO-66(Fe/Zr)-NH 2 -based Li symmetrical cells demonstrated a uniform stripping and plating of Li at exceptionally higher current densities (1–10 mA cm−2). CR2023 coin cell Li-S battery using a S-CNT/GO composite cathode and UiO-66(Fe/Zr)-NH 2 /PP separator delivered an initial discharge capacity of 900 mAh/g at 0.3C and a long cycle life (820 cycles) with minimal capacity decay of merely 0.067 % per cycle. The significantly improved performance demonstrates the potential of binary MOF-based materials for metal-sulfur batteries. [Display omitted] • Fe/Zr binary UiO-66(Fe/Zr)-NH 2 was synthesized to modify Li-S battery separator. • Fe/Zr binary MOF provides nanochannels for LPS sorption and even Li+ ion transport. • Fe sites in MOF promote electrocatalytic conversion to reactivate adsorbed LPS. • An initial discharge capacity of 900 mAh/g at 0.3C in Li-S batteries was achieved. • Long cycle life of 820 cycles and capacity decay 0.067 % per cycle were documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the design of Mott-Schottky heterojunction electrode materials with reasonable structure is a dynamic factor to raise the energy storage capability of supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, we successfully design a new hybrid NiFe 2 O 4 @CoWO 4 with a low-cost hydrothermal route. In addition to the synergistic effect, the formed Mott-Schottky heterostructure generates strong interfacial interaction, boosts the charges transfer abilities, facilitates the electrolytes ions diffusion pathway by reducing the energy barriers at the interfaces. By the virtue of such noticeable characteristics, the electrochemical properties provide a drastically boosted capacitance value of 647.6 C g−1 (187.4 mAh·g−1), wonderful capacitance rate of 91 % and admirable cycling life of 93 % through 20,000 cycles. More impressively, a totally-foldable asymmetric SC device of NiFe 2 O 4 @CoWO 4 //olive husk-derived activated carbon (OAC) delivers fantastic energy density of 81.8 Wh·kg−1 at power value of 327 W kg−1 with good stability and foldability through 20,000 cycles. The design of the new heterostructure in this report may open the way for the researchers to design new hybrid electrodes supported on Mott-Schottky heterojunction for future SCs. • New NiFe 2 O 4 @CoWO 4 core-shell was synthesized via two hydrothermal routes. • The well anchored CoWO 4 nanodots on the surface of nanosheets formed a consolidated nanocomposite. • The Mott-Schottky heterojunction created strong interfacial electric field to facilitate the charges transfer mechanism. • NiFe 2 O 4 @CoWO 4 based asymmetric supercapacitor showcased satisfactory electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bromine-based flow batteries are considered as ideal large-scale energy storage devices, due to their attractive high energy density and low cost. However, the inferior redox activity of the Br 3 −/Br− couple leads to limited power density, which cannot meet the practical application requirements. Herein, a flexible catalytic electrode is constructed by interweaving a nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) coated TiO 2 (TiO 2 @NPC) nanofiber, via electrospinning technique. In the electrode, the NPC component with superior affinity to the reactant Br−, could assistant rapid charge transfer, and facilitate the conversion from Br− to Br 3 −, which plays an excellent catalytic function. With a stronger adsorption for the oxidation product Br 3 − than NPC, the TiO 2 component can transfer Br 3 − from NPC, releasing the catalytic active sites on NPC timely and enabling the reaction smoothly proceeded. Consequently, the regional differentiation strategy of the catalysis and adsorption functions significantly boosts the redox kinetic of the bromine chemistry. The Zinc-bromine flow batteries equipped with TiO 2 @NPC can run 200 cycles stably at 80 mA cm−2, with the voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of 82.8 % and 81.6 %, respectively. This design provides a brand-new improvement strategy for bromine cathode from the perspective of accelerating the reaction rate-determining step. • Root cause for the sluggish kinetics of Br 2 / Br ‐ is intensively studied. • The concept of the functional regionalization catalyst is proposed. • Specific functions are confirmed by the combination of theory and experiment. • ZBFBs operate stably for 200 cycles with EE of 81.6 % at 80 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-charging energy storage system integrating photovoltaic harvest and energy storage functions creates a sustainable power source. The system not only alleviates the inherent limitations of intermittent, fluctuating, and unstable sunlight irradiation, but also facilitates the effective and sustainable utilization of green energy. However, the photo-charging efficiency of the system is relatively low nowadays. Herein, we report a photo-chargeable sodium-ion battery (PC-SIB) that leverages a self-designed multi-functional modulator to directly charge sodium-ion battery using GaAs solar cells. By harmonizing function portfolio management, PC-SIB achieves a photo-charging efficiency milestone of 30.24 %, along with excellent charge-discharge stability. Even in −20 °C, PC-SIB still maintains outstanding performance. The great leap in efficiency will strongly promote the high-efficient development of solar charging and storage integrated devices. • A solar-chargeable battery was made by integrating GaAs solar cell and Na-ion battery. • A multi-functional modulator was designed to concert the GaAs and SIB. • The battery obtained a photo-charging efficiency of 30.24 % with excellent stability. • Even in −20 °C, the battery still maintained outstanding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of efficient energy storage solutions for renewable energy, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as promising contenders, offering high capacity and manufacturability. Among transition metal oxides, vanadium dioxide (VO 2) stands out as the synergestic behavior of H+ and Zn2+ ions with the VO 2 ·xH 2 O ensures high specific capacity in Zn-ion based battery. Here, we present the successful synthesis of hydrated vanadium oxide (VO 2 ·xH 2 O) nanoribbons via the hydrothermal method, followed by comprehensive characterizations to assess material properties. A systematic study on electrolyte selection, focusing on achieving high capacity and stability, was conducted using varying electrolyte types and concentrations. The superior 3 M Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2 electrolyte was chosen for further electrochemical investigations, leading to the formation of a two-electrode system comprising VO 2 ·xH 2 O//Zn half-cell ZIB, which lasts more than 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 in addition to capacity retention of 82.18% while providing a capacity of 235.63 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, while demonstrating favorable rate capability. Ex-situ XRD analysis unveiled insights into the designed ZIB's charging/discharging mechanism, showcasing variations in cathode crystallinity and the formation of Zn(OH) 2 peaks during cycling. To establish the effective usage of this formed ZIB for daily-life applications, the coin cell was effectively used to power an LED and LCD screen, and the subsequently attained value of capacity was compared along with the available literature. This work surpasses existing ZIBs in terms of capacity and cyclability, paving the way for a more sustainable future through efficient energy storage from renewable sources. [Display omitted] • Nanoribbons of hydrated VO₂·xH₂O utilized as cathodes for Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). • Identification of 3M Zn(CF 3 SO 3)₂ as the optimal electrolyte for VO₂·xH₂O cathodes. • High capacity: 235.63 mAh g⁻1 and 82.18 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles. • Demonstrated the capability of ZIBs to power both an LED and an LCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing demand for energy storage devices coupled with lithium precursor shortage opens up a new opportunity for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) to be considered as a replacement of lithium-ion batteries to become a new generation of energy storage device for commercial application. Prussian blue analogue (PBA) demonstrates great advantages as the cathodes for SIB owing to its simple synthesis method, inexpensive raw materials, and high theoretical specific capacity. Single phase multi-metal based PBA of Na 1.92 (Mn 0.3 Fe 0.23 Co 0.3 Ni 0.17)[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.88 ⋅2.16H 2 O with low contents of crystal water and [Fe(CN) 6 ]4–defects was obtained by controlling the nucleation reaction rate via using sodium citrate as a chelating agent, and the assistance of N 2 as an antioxidant and a protective gas. The obtained PBA with high purity and high crystallinity delivers a specific capacity of 120 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability, and impressive cycling performance with 82 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. • Single crystal multi-metal PBA with low crystal water and [Fe(CN) 6 ]4– defect. • Effects of Na, water, and vacancy content on the material characteristics and SIB performance. • The sodium-rich PBA sample exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 120 mAh g−1. • Impressive capacity retention of of 82 % after 1000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-solid-state supercapacitors employing highly porous activated carbon (AC) electrodes are promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy storage devices with exceptional power performance. In this work, for the first time in literature, we report a comparative study on different pre-treatments made on melon waste starting precursor to produce hierarchical large surface area porous AC. Also, for the first time in our knowledge, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) consisting in lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate in ethylmethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, with a high ionic conductivity (∼3.3 × 10−3 S cm−1) and a working voltage window of ∼3.9 V vs Ag/Ag+, was used. The supercapacitors were electrochemically characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests. The working voltage window of the device was optimized in the range of 0–2.3V. Hydrothermally pre-treated AC-based supercapacitor is characterized by the best performance in terms of capacitance (∼161–170 F g−1), specific energy (29–31.34 Wh kg−1), and power density (839–860 W kg−1) at 1 A g−1. Supercapacitors based on ACs pre-treated via hydrothermal and ethanol soaking outperform devices based on simple chemically/physically ACs in rate performance, while hydrothermally pre-treated AC demonstrates superior stability over 8000 cycles, exhibits initial 15 % capacitance fading and coulombic efficiency close to 99–100 %. [Display omitted] • Development of supercapacitors derived from melon peels waste. • Highly performing ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolytes. • Optimized activation of biomass waste via chemical and physical processes. • Up to 3.9 V stability window of gel polymer electrolyte. • 31 Wh/kg specific energy and 860 W kg−1 power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of boron-doped diamond (BDD) as a flexible supercapacitor (SC) electrode material is hampered by its rigid nature. To endow BDD with high flexibility without compromising its energy storage ability, an ingenious combination of Ti fiber and BDD film is proposed. Increasing Ti fibers' diameter from 200 to 500 μm has a tremendous impact on the composition and electrochemical characteristics of the Ti/BDD electrodes. Notably, the Ti/BDD with Ti fibers' diameter of 400 μm (Ti 400 /BDD) exhibits an improved conductivity and an excellent electrochemical stability attributed to the skillfully integrated sp 2-and sp 3-carbon. As a result, Ti 400 /BDD electrode achieves an enhanced specific capacitance of 65.6 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, which is ten times higher than that of remaining Ti/BDD electrodes. Furthermore, a Ti 400 /BDD//Ti 400 /BDD solid symmetric SC device is assembled, and it delivers the highest energy density of 21.5 mJ cm−2 at a power density of 0.6 mW cm−2 as well as a significant cycling performance (92 % capacity retained after 20,000 cycles). Of particular note, the Ti 400 /BDD//Ti 400 /BDD SC can be bent into varying shapes of "V", "W", and "Z" with a perfect charge-discharge performance, demonstrating that the BDD possesses a great potential in the field of flexible electronics. • An ingenious combination of Ti fiber with BDD film was devised for flexible fiber supercapacitor. • New insight into the substrate-driven interfacial composition of boron-doped diamond. • Excellent cycling and flexibility performance was realized by Ti 400 /BDD//Ti 400 /BDD solid symmetric supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard carbon (HC) stands out as the preeminent anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) which are deployed in expansive energy storage infrastructures. Herein, the large enough graphene nanosheets interlayer and abundant nanopores with a diameter of ∼2.1 nm induced by adjusting the pyrolysis temperature in the thermosetting phenolic resin-derived hard carbon matrix to augment the performance of the sodium ion storage. The presence of sufficiently large carbon interlayers has been proven to provide active sites for reversible adsorption, enabling effective storage of sodium ions in the high-voltage slope region, while also promoting rapid Na+ transport. Meanwhile, forming abundant closed nanopores with larger sizes helps sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region. In the optimized samples, the formation of sufficient long graphene nanosheets with a perfect crystal lattice, which further shrinks to form enclosed nanopores, effectively reduces defective sites and specific surface area. Additionally, the appropriate content of C-O and C=O functional groups contributes to an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of up to 93%. Simultaneously, the optimized sample HC-1500 contributes to a remarkable plateau capacity of 294 mAh g-1 during the charging process (high reversible capacity of 403 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C). Moreover, based on the microstructure evolution and Na storage behavior of hard carbon, an "adsorption (27%) – filling (73%)" sodium storage mechanism that the sodium storage as a quasi-metallic sodium state is demonstrated. Consequently, this study will offer valuable insights for the development of hard carbon anodes tailored for high-energy practical SIBs, while also advancing the understanding of sodium storage mechanisms. [Display omitted] • High temperature induced abundant closed nanopores in the hard carbon matrix. • The optimized sample delivers a high reversible capacity of 403 mAh g−1. • Achieved a high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 93 %. • The "adsorption-filling" sodium storage mechanism is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersed conducting materials in an electrolyte undergo polarization in presence of electric fields, resulting in a dipole where opposite poles of the material become an anode and cathode, where electrochemical reactions may occur at sufficiently induced potentials. Such induction phenomena lower significantly the resistance of the electrochemical cell. This work shows how in a Cu/Zn battery, it also yields lower overpotentials, and enhanced charge capacity and power, especially at high currents. The outcome of such bipolar electrochemistry, depends on the specific configuration of the bipolar electrodes within the electric field, and the possible reactions at the bipolar electrode for the specific redox system chosen. For the largest induced dipole tested, specific capacities may be increased by 40 % and volumetric capacities may double. It is of great significance that, with appropriate configurations, the capacity of a specific battery may be greatly enhanced, allowing also to reduce the number of cells in a stack to maintain the same performance. [Display omitted] • Immersed bipolar electrodes modify the performance of a Cu/Zn battery • Bipolar electrodes lower the resistance of the battery • Unwired bipolar electrodes enhance power and charge capacity, lower overpotential • Effects on the battery depend on configuration within electric field • The largest the induced dipole, the larger the effect observed on charge capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power sources for microsystems in extreme mechanical environments are crucial. Supercapacitors, as a common power source for microsystems, may experience failures, fires, and explosions in extreme mechanical impact scenarios such as smart helmets, vehicle collisions, and high-speed aircraft. It is rare to have supercapacitors specifically designed for extreme mechanical impacts, as well as research on their physical processes when subjected to impacts. This research introduces a multi-physics model to describe the energy storage and voltage fluctuations of the proposed stacked supercapacitors under extreme mechanical impacts. With the help of finite element simulation software and interpretable machine learning, we analyzed the influence of various parameters on stacked supercapacitors under extreme mechanical impacts. Furthermore, a prototype of the non-separator stacked supercapacitor, resisting extreme mechanical impacts has been developed. The impact resistance of such supercapacitor was tested using a machete hammer, verifying the consistency between theoretical analysis and experiments. Finally, an iterative framework has been proposed to optimize the energy storage and impact resistance of proposed supercapacitors. This study provides a design prototype, theoretical model, and optimization framework for supercapacitors intended for impact resistance, enhancing the potential application of micro-supercapacitors in extreme mechanical environments. Theoretical Investigation of Stacked Supercapacitors under Extreme Mechanical Impact. [Display omitted] • Multiphysics model for stacked supercapacitors under mechanical impacts. • Analysis of voltage fluctuation caused by impacts based on interpretable machine learning. • Optimization framework for both energy storage and mechanical impact resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic effect of transition metal oxides (TMOs) is crucial for enhancing the cycle performance and specific capacitance of pseudo-capacitive electrode materials. However, the excessive interfacial resistance of composite electrode remains a significant challenge for achieving excellent electrochemical performance. In our work, Cu2+-coated UiO-66 is utilized as a composite template to obtain Cu 2 O on the surface of ZrO 2 with a dodecahedral structure by in-situ calcination at different calcination temperatures (Cu/Zr-O-X). By adjusting the Cu2+ doping concentration and calcination temperature, the morphology and crystal structure of Cu/Zr-O-X electrodes are altered. The optimal Cu/Zr-O-800 electrode exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 2850 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, superior electrochemical specific surface area of 265.5 mF cm−2 and outstanding electrolyte ion diffusion coefficient of 1.7 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. In the Cu/Zr-O-800 electrode, the transformation of t-ZrO 2 to m-ZrO 2 and the expansion of the lattice spacing promote the rapid transfer of OH−. The Cu/Zr-O-800 electrode has a smaller Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1, which could accelerate redox reaction. The Cobalt-modified carbon nanosheets (Co-CNS) as the anode are obtained by calcining ZIF-67. The assembled Cu/Zr-O-800//Co-CNS device contains an energy density of 105 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 745 W kg−1. The key to improving the cycle performance and active sites of electrode is to construct TMOs electrode materials through rational design of morphology and crystal structure. The Cu/Zr-O-800 electrode with the dodecahedron structure coated energy storage unit exhibits excellent specific capacitance of 2850 F g−1 and cycle performance of 90 %. The morphology, conductivity (1.05 Ω), active sites (265.5 mF cm−2) and OH− diffusion coefficient (1.7 × 10−7 cm2 s−1) of Cu/Zr-O-800 have all been improved. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the expanded lattice spacing resulting from the transformation of the crystal structure from t-ZrO 2 to m-ZrO 2. [Display omitted] • Novel dodecahedron Cu/Zr-O-X electrodes were developed using crystal design and composite templates. • The Cu/Zr-O-800 electrode boasts 2850 F g−1 of capacitance and 90 % of cycle stability. • Enhanced performance stems from TMOs integration in-situ and lattice expansion (t-ZrO 2 to m-ZrO 2). • Cu/Zr-O-800//Co-CNS offers 105 Wh kg−1 with remarkable 92.3 % cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-ion hybrid capacitor (ZHSC) is recognized as a favorable energy storage device due to the combined advantages of battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode. However, it still remains a huge challenge to achieve a high-specific-capacitance cathode without compromising the rate capability for high-performance ZHSC. Here, a three-dimensional hierarchical nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (NPGH) is synthesized with small-sized graphene oxide precursors via one-step hydrothermal reduction and in-situ doping, which is firstly used as cathode for ZHSC without adding extra conductive additives and binders. In this case, small-sized graphene sheets can increase and shorten ions diffusion channels for the efficient utilization of active surface compared with commonly-used large-sized counterparts. Moreover, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doping can synergistically enhance the conductivity, provide additional active sites, and promote the adsorption of zinc ions, which is well demonstrated by electrochemical analysis, ex situ characterization and DFT theoretical calculation. Attributed to the synergy, NPGH-based ZHSC displays large specific capacitance (251.3 F g−1, 0.5 A g−1), outstanding rate performance (79 %, 50 A g−1) and excellent cycle stability. This work proposes a novel strategy of tailoring rGO cathode by simultaneous size effect and doping engineering, which shows a great promise of constructing high-performance rGO based ZHSC. [Display omitted] • RGO hydrogel cathode for ZHSC was firstly modulated by size and doping engineering. • Small-sized rGO can enhance and shorten ions transport channels. • N,P co-doping can provide extra active sites and promote the Zn2+ adsorption. • The ZHSC shows high specific capacitance even at high rate and long cycle life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe 3 O 4 anodes are appealing in these devices (aqueous hybrid capacitors, metal-iodine batteries, Ni-Fe batteries, etc.) due to their high capacity, safety. However, due to the paradox reaction, the reported Fe 3 O 4 anodes exhibit unsatisfactory charging/discharging plateau, low coulombic efficiency, narrow charging potential. Here, we find that the optimized testing configuration (removing binders, eliminating current collector, and decreasing O 2) can increase charge transport, suppress hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and reduce natural oxidation, then improve redox reaction and promote the performance of the Fe 3 O 4 anode. Specifically, by increasing charge transport without binders, the charging/discharging plateau of Fe 3 O 4 anodes can be narrowed by 18.4 % compared with that with binders. By suppressing HER without a current collector, it can reduce charging time by ca. 42.7 %. Reducing natural oxidation can hinder the fragmentation of the Fe 3 O 4 anode, improving the cycle stability from 71.6 % to 81.8 % after 200 cycles. The optimized testing configuration can also decrease the paradox reaction in carbon-coated Fe 3 O 4 @C, narrowing the redox peak interval by ca. 14.7 %, decreasing the charging time by 53.4 %, and increasing the cyclic stability to 98.7 % after 200 cycles. This work favors understanding the paradox reaction in the electrochemical process and increasing the practical applications of the Fe 3 O 4 anode. [Display omitted] • The paradox reaction in the electrochemical process is analyzed. • An optimized testing configuration is developed to overcome the paradox reaction. • The optimized testing configuration achieves high performance of Fe 3 O 4 anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-performance energy storage materials for supercapacitors is of paramount importance in the quest for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions. In this article, we present a detailed investigation of pristine SnS nanoflakes for supercapacitor application, addressing critical gaps in existing literature. The previous research is largely focused on composite materials and surface modifications, the electrochemical performance of pristine SnS has remained unexplored. Additionally, our work uniquely emphasizes the impact of electrolyte selection and concentration variation on supercapacitive performance. Here we prepared SnS nanoflakes through the colloidal synthesis process. The nanoflake-like topography with an average thickness of 21.0 ± 5.8 nm exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 582 F/g at 8 A/g current density, with 80 % retention over 4500 CV scans in the case of three-electrode tests. Owing to the excellent electrochemical characteristics of SnS nanoflakes, the flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) was constructed using a PVA-NaClO4 gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The manufactured FSSC exhibits a high energy density of 13.30 Wh/kg at 1.19 kW/kg of power density. Even with a high-power density of 2.4 kW/kg, the FSSC maintained an energy density of 6.54 Wh/kg. Furthermore, the FSSC was constructed to achieve long-term durability over 5000 CV cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV/s while retaining 90 % of the initial specific capacitance. The flexibility test revealed 94 % retention of original capacitance at a bending angle of 170°. This work showcases the potential of SnS nanoflakes as better electrode materials for supercapacitors, crafting a sustainable and efficient energy storage option. Overall, this study advances the development of high-performance supercapacitors and lays a foundation for future energy storage systems. [Display omitted] • Colloidal synthesis of SnS nanoflakes. • The average thickness of nanoflakes is 20.96 nm. • Selection of electrolyte and appropriate mass has been carried out. • High energy density of 13.3 Wh/kg and power density of 2.4 kW/kg has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing energy crisis, the development of electrochemical energy storage has become increasingly important. However, the majority of current energy storage devices fail to meet human needs, and they face challenges, including safety concerns, cost efficiency, energy density, uncontrolled dendrite growth, and cycling performance. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on SiO 2 in electrochemical energy storage devices, including lithium, zinc, and sodium batteries, to address obstacles in their development. SiO 2 has proven effective in enhancing the negative electrode capacity of batteries, mitigating uncontrolled dendrite growth, boosting the ionic conductivity of electrolytes, reducing interface resistance between electrolytes and electrodes, strengthening the mechanical properties of separators, and enhancing the wettability between separators and electrolytes. This review focuses on the role of SiO 2 in enhancing the performance of the negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator of lithium, zinc, and sodium batteries in electrochemical energy storage. The challenges, prospects, and future directions for developing SiO 2 materials to achieve higher performance and broader applications in electrochemical energy storage devices are discussed. • SiO 2 plays an important role in electrochemical energy storage. • SiO 2 is used in the negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator of batteries. • Analyzed the mechanism of SiO 2 in electrochemical energy storage. • Discussed the opportunities and challenges of SiO 2 in energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in power and energy storage systems. Accurately estimating state of charge (SOC) of LIBs using single methods is still challenging to fully address the problem associated with SOC. This paper proposes a novel generic fusion framework that integrates deep learning (DL) and Kalman filter (KF), characterized by an effective fusion of the results obtained by multiple-methods. Within the DL-based method, a spatial-temporal awareness model and an improved dung beetle optimizer are proposed to enhance the capture of spatial-temporal features and optimize hyperparameters. Additionally, three adaptive nonlinear KFs are employed for SOC estimation based on a simplified electrochemical model, with the adaptive cubature KF emerging as the most suitable following comparative analysis. Subsequently, the results from both approaches are integrated to derive the final result using various fusion methodologies. The effectiveness of the fusion framework is validated using experimental data, with kernel ridge regression emerging as the optimal fusion method. The best fusion results yield a mean absolute error of 0.2341% and a root mean square error of 0.3072%, demonstrating that proposed framework can effectively process and utilize multiple-source information, thereby enhancing accuracy and robustness compared to single methods and exhibiting adaptability to complex situations. • A generic fusion framework combining deep learning and Kalman filter is proposed. • A spatial-temporal awareness model is based on deep learning to capture features. • The dung beetle optimizer is improved to optimize model hyperparameters. • The adaptive nonlinear Kalman filters based on electrochemical model are compared. • The best fusion results achieve an MAE of 0.2341 % and a RMSE of 0.3072 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors represent a promising avenue for advanced energy storage solutions. However, achieving devices that simultaneously possess all the ideal properties, such as high capacitance, fast charge-discharge rates, and excellent cyclability, remains a significant challenge. Herein, a facile approach for fabricating carbon aerogel-induced chromium metal-organic framework (CA@MIL-101) integrated with titanium carbide MXene (CA@MIL-101-(Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x) nanocomposites was demonstrated via hydrothermal method. The CA@MIL-101-(Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x nanocomposites offer numerous divalent ion active sites and significantly improve charge transfer kinetics, attributed to their interconnected porous structure. This novel anode exhibits an outstanding specific capacity of 1632 Cg-1 with a PVDF binder-based electrode and a high rate of performance. Moreover, a full-cell supercapacitor was developed with carbon aerogel as the cathode and CA@MIL-101 (Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x as the anode. With its hierarchical pore structure and functional groups, the CA@MIL-101 (Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x anode achieves an energy density of 38 Wh-kg−1, a high-power density of 1280 W-kg−1, and robust anti-self-discharge behavior. The CA@MIL-101 (Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x //CA supercapattery uses both adsorption/desorption processes and faradaic reactions for charge storage. The synthesized materials also perform exceptionally well electro-catalytically. This research advances high-performance CA@MIL-101 (Cr)/Ti 3 C 2 T x electrodes, enhances understanding of supercapacitor charge storage, and paves the way for next-generation energy storage technologies. • CA@MIL-101(Cr)/Ti₃C₂Tx MXene synthesized for supercapattery and electrocatalysis. • Achieved specific capacitance of 1632 C/g in supercapattery applications. • Demonstrated 84 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. • Delivered 38 Wh/kg energy density and 1280 W/kg power density. • Achieved 158 mV overpotential, 50.21 mV/dec Tafel slope in HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely employed in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems owing to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and superior longevity. As a vital evaluation index for the degradation state of LIBs, the state of health (SOH) must be accurately estimated. This study adopts an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based equivalent circuit model (ECM) to estimate battery SOH. The internal dynamic electrical behaviors of LIBs are decoupled by the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method, whereby the critical degradation features are extracted from the DRT curves and the fitted ECM parameters. Subsequently, referring to the ensemble learning approach (ELA), the multiple correlation analysis (MCA) is utilized to identify the most pertinent degradation features. The battery data are subjected to a comprehensive analysis with five types of correlations to ascertain the optimal number and combination of health indicators (HIs). Furthermore, the weighted mean of vectors (INFO) algorithm is employed to optimize the hyperparameters in the echo state network (ESN) model for SOH estimation. The echo state networks model optimized with the weighted mean of vectors algorithm (INFO-ESN) is verified with eight types of LIBs under different operating conditions. Experimental results of the proposed method manifest that the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the battery SOH range from 0.32 % to 1.06 %, thereby verifying the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method. • The DRT method decouples LIBs' dynamic behaviors, extracting critical degradation features. • Ensemble learning and multiple correlation analysis identify optimal degradation features. • INFO algorithm optimizes ESN network parameters, enhancing SOH estimation accuracy. • INFO-ESN reduces uncertainty by avoiding local minima, improving convergence speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition towards zero carbon emissions in power generation hinges on the integration of efficient electrical energy storage systems, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) positioned as a pivotal technology. While generally safe, deviations in their operational guidelines due to manufacturing defects or misuse can lead to critical safety concerns, notably thermal runaway (TR) events. Internal short circuits (ISCs) are primary initiators of TR within LIBs. For abuse testing, ISCs are often triggered by nail penetration. This study explores the morphological changes and mechanisms underlying ISC-induced TR in LIBs using operando synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT) at subzero temperatures. A novel cryogenic setup was developed to control a stepwise temperature increase in the damaged sample while monitoring electrochemical characteristics and simultaneously enabling acquisition of high-resolution SXCT images. The findings reveal that conducting nail penetration at minus 80 °C prevents immediate TR, enabling detailed analysis of subsequent structural and electrochemical behavior during controlled thawing. Thus, the initiation of TR processes at localized ISC sites has been observed, evidenced by voltage fluctuations and morphological changes, such as cathode material cracking and decomposition. These results underscore the importance of temperature control in mitigating TR risks and provide critical insights into the internal dynamics of LIBs under abusive conditions. The developed cryogenic SXCT methodology offers a powerful tool for non-destructive, high-resolution investigation of battery failure mechanisms, contributing to the enhancement of LIB safety. • 3D study of critically damaged LiB cells at low temperature. • Synchrotron tomography at low temperatures during thermal runaway. • Correlation between structural features and temperature changes demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-power discharge requirements are critical for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles that are increasingly considered in urban mobility. This investigation places a particular emphasis on understanding the impact of electrolytes on discharge processes and rate capability. We aim to compare the discharge behavior of LiBs using a conventional electrolyte (Gen 2: 1.2 M LiPF 6 in EC:EMC) and the dual salt LiTFSI-LiBOB-based electrolyte. We carefully examine the profiles of charging and discharging, the behavior during extended cycles, impedance spectroscopy results, and the characteristics of the electrode surface. Our research findings demonstrate the complex relationship between the composition of electrolytes and the specific high-power discharge requirements of eVTOL systems. This research highlights the importance of customizing electrolyte compositions to optimize energy storage density while simultaneously enabling higher power extraction to enhance performance in short-range electric aviation. • Dual salt electrolyte displayed remarkable promise for eVTOL applications. • Dual salt electrolyte warranted superior long-term cycling under high power. • Dual salt electrolyte showed no lithium plating in electrode surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is attracting considerable attention in the field of energy storage as a potential solution for clean energy storage and transmission. MgH 2 is one of the most promising materials for solid-state hydrogen storage today. However, its practical applications are limited by high dehydrogenation temperature, slow rate, and low cyclic stability. In this paper, TiO 2 _ZnTiO 3 with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is successfully synthesized by simple hydrothermal, calcination, and mechanical ball milling methods. In particular, MgH 2 +10 wt% TiO 2 _ZnTiO 3 @CNTs exhibited excellent hydrogen storage properties during cycling compared to the composites without added CNTs. The composite material can dehydrogenate up to 6.1 wt% in 10 min at 300 °C, approximately one order of magnitude higher than the rate of pure MgH 2. And the corresponding whole dehydrogenation process can be accomplished in 15 min. The starting hydrogen absorption temperature of the composite material is less than 50 °C, and the activation energy is significantly reduced. Relevant tests indicate that the new phase exists stably during the dehydrogenation/absorption process, which helps promote the dissociation and diffusion of hydrogen atoms. This study broadens the application of catalysts in hydrogen storage and provides a strategy to promote the sustainable utilization and development of clean energy. • Successful preparation of TiO 2 _ZnTiO 3 @CNTs and its addition as catalyst to MgH 2. • TiO 2 _ZnTiO 3 @CNTs can significantly reduce the operating temperature of MgH 2. • Enhancing the rate of hydrogen de/absorption from MgH 2. • Improvement of particle agglomeration and cyclic stability of MgH 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries are gradually being applied in low-speed electric vehicles and energy storage fields. However, inconsistencies caused by cell manufacturing or long-term use can lead to overcharging in some batteries. Overcharging not only poses safety risks but also threatens battery performance. This study investigates the degradation behavior of sodium-ion batteries with NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 as the cathode material under different overcharging conditions. Firstly, overcharge induced thermal runaway experiments are performed to determine safe overcharge limit state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Results demonstrate that battery capacity hardly degrades before overcharging to 120 % SOC, while significant capacity degradation is overserved with overcharge exceeding 140 % SOC. In addition, electrochemical characterization methods are used to investigate electrochemical behavior changes of the battery under different overcharging conditions, it is found that with overcharging exceeding 130 % SOC, the electrode will show significant irreversible loss of sodium inventory, conductivity loss and active material loss. Finally, the electrode materials are recovered from the overcharged batteries, and advanced material characterization techniques are used to find that after overcharging more than 120 % SOC, the cathode began to appear particle breakage and structural collapse, the anode began to grow sodium plating. • The safe overcharge limit SOC of NFM sodium-ion batteries is defined. • The overcharge behavior of SIBs is divided into 3 different overcharge levels. • The potential causes of capacity degradation induced by overcharge of SIBs. • The mechanism of capacity degradation of SIBs was described from two scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow battery represents a highly promising energy storage technology for the large-scale utilization of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. However, the increasing discharge power of rechargeable battery results in a higher charge voltage due to its coupling relationship in charge-discharge processes, intensifying the burden of renewable energy power systems. Herein, we proposed a voltage-decoupled Na+-conducting Zn-Br 2 flow battery (U d -Na-ZBFB). Within a pH-regulation strategy, both neutral Zn/Zn2+ and alkaline Zn/Zn(OH) 4 2− negative redox couples are integrated into one device, so as to increase discharge voltage a 0.5 V theoretical increase while remains a low charge voltage. The proof-of-concept U d -Na-ZBFB demonstrates an unprecedented voltage characteristic, achieving a discharge voltage of up to 2.18 V while maintaining a remarkably low charge voltage of 1.78 V at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Benefiting from the high discharge voltage, the peak power density of U d -Na-ZBFB reaches 580 mW cm−2, nearly twice higher than the traditional ZBFB. Besides, the U d -Na-ZBFB cycling operates for 45 h with excellent stability and resilience. With the "cycle-to-stage" operational mode, battery state of U d -Na-ZBFB can be completely recovered after a long-term operation stage with several cycles, which electrolyte utilization efficiency of one stage is up to 41 %. This work offers a brand-new utilization pattern for high-power rechargeable battery that possesses a great potential in energy storage application scenes. [Display omitted] • pH-regulation strategy of U d -Na-ZBFB decouples charge-discharge processes of battery. • Cycle-to-stage operation mode for U d -Na-ZBFB realizes the sustainable operation. • U d -Na-ZBFB possesses charge voltage of 1.78V and discharge voltage of 2.18V at 20 mA cm−2. • Peak power density of U d -Na-ZBFB reaches 580 mW cm−2, nearly twice higher than acid ZBFB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for catalysts exhibiting durable, highly active and low-cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses challenges in developing cathodes for rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we have prepared a novel electrocatalyst utilizing a Fe-Cu bimetallic pyridine-nitrogen coordination precursor, characterized by Cu/Fe 3 O 4 /Fe-N x /Cu-N x quaternary active sites. The obtained FeCu-N-C@XC-72 catalyst shows good activity in terms of both ORR (E 1/2 = 0.889 V) and OER (E j = 10 = 1.540 V), which exceeds those of commercial 20 % Pt/C (ORR) and RuO 2 (OER) catalysts. The Zn-air battery (ZAB) using FeCu-N-C@XC-72 as the cathode achieves a peak power density of 190.8 mW cm−2, far superior to that of 20 % Pt/C-based ZAB (93.7 mW cm−2). Notably, the devised FeCu-N-C@XC-72 has an outstanding durability of more than 360 h in a rechargeable ZAB. In conclusion, the FeCu-N-C@XC-72 electrocatalyst exhibits excellent potential for practical applications in energy storage systems, offering a promising solution for cathode development in Zn-air batteries. [Display omitted] • Introduction of iron and copper bimetallics using pyridinic-N as precursor. • Cu/Fe 3 O 4 /Fe-N x /Cu-N x quaternary active sites synergy. • FeCu-N-C@XC-72 has excellent ORR and OER performance. • The Zinc-air batteries have high capacity and excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEO-based solid electrolytes (SEs) have become one of the highly sought-after solid electrolytes due to their easy processing solutions, superior contact ability, and low cost. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) based on PEO-based SEs have demonstrated excellent performance in terms of safety, energy density, and cycling performance. Therefore, their development is of great significance to promote further progress in high-performance energy storage systems. Electrodes and electrolytes are the two core components of ASSLBs, and while research focuses mainly on their intrinsic properties, the impact of the matching relationship between the two on the overall performance of the battery has seldom been comprehensively and thoroughly investigated. This review aims to meticulously categorize the electrode materials that can be matched with PEO-based SEs, and elaborate the interactions between the two and their impact on the battery performance. Finally, the purpose of this review is to classify the electrode materials that can be matched with PEO-based SEs in detail, and to elaborate on the interaction between electrolyte and electrode, interface problems, and the impact of their relationship on ASSLBs performance. • A comprehensive overview of cathode and anode electrodes adapted to PEO-based SEs is provided. • The interactions between electrodes and PEO electrolytes are discussed in depth from a novel perspective. • The valuable references for further enhancement of PEO-based all-solid-state lithium batteries is provided. • Hypotheses and outlooks of the relationship between electrode materials and PEO-based electrolyte are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance and cycle life of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are significantly influenced by the separator, a critical component. Traditional polyolefin separators can no longer meet the growing demand for energy storage. Coating conventional polyolefin separators with electrochemically inert ceramic materials can enhance stability but often increases weight and reduces battery capacity. This study introduces a novel separator coated with copper oxide (CuO), developed through a simple and efficient method. The CuO coating polypropylene (CuO@PP) separator demonstrates superior thermal resistance, enhanced electrolyte absorption, and increased porosity compared to conventional polypropylene (PP) separators. Additionally, the active participation of the CuO coating in electrochemical reactions during the charge-discharge process increases battery capacity. Results indicate that the CuO@PP separator provides an additional capacity of approximately 10 mAh g−1. The battery using the CuO@PP separator exhibited exceptional electrochemical properties in contrast to the traditional PP separator, with a first discharge capacity of 129.8 mAh g−1 at 10 C and a capacity retention rate of 92.4 % over 400 cycles at 10 C. Thus, enhancing the reliability and performance of LIBs by modifying the PP separator with a CuO coating presents a promising approach, offering novel perspectives for designing and manufacturing advanced battery separators. [Display omitted] • High-performance CuO@PP separator is fabricated using a simple method. • The battery performances with the CuO@PP separator are remarkably enhanced. • The CuO@PP separator boosts cathode capacity by about 10 mAh g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Zn/MnO 2 batteries (AZMBs) are suitable for large-scale energy storage because of the advantages of safety, low cost and environmentally friendliness. However, the energy storage mechanism in AZMBs is still inconclusive, especially in sulfate-based electrolytes. In this work, we investigate the formation and conversion mechanisms of hydrate zinc sulfate hydroxide, Zn 4 SO 4 ·(OH) 6 ·xH 2 O (ZSH), aiming to elucidate the reaction mechanism and capacity origin of AZMBs with ZnSO 4 and MnSO 4 as the electrolyte. Results show that ZSH is an important intermediate in the electrolyte. It is observed that the electrochemical reaction occurs at the cathode/electrolyte interface involving the generation of ZSH-induced ZnMn 3 O 7 ‧2H 2 O during a long-term cycling. In addition, transformation of ZSH to Zn at the anode/electrolyte interface is observed, implying that ZSH not only induces the uneven deposition of Zn2+ from electrolyte, but also in-situ converts into metallic Zn during the repeated cycling. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the formation and conversion of ZSH in AZMBs with potential impacts on Zn anode protection. Zn 4 SO 4 ‧(OH) 6 ‧xH 2 O (ZSH) is believed to be an important intermediate in sulfate electrolytes. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the formation and conversion of ZSH in AZMBs with potential impacts on Zn anode protection. [Display omitted] • The normalization mechanism of MnO 2 with different crystal types is proposed. • The generation of ZSH-induced ZnMn 3 O 7 ‧2H 2 O occurs during a long-term cycling. • ZSH induces the uneven deposition of Zn2+ from electrolyte. • ZSH also in-situ converts into metallic Zn during the repeated cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) could be a cheaper and more abundant alternative to lithium-ion batteries, offering faster charging and suitability for large-scale energy storage. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared through a simple wet chemical method, and its intercalation affinity for K+ ions is tested using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The diffusion resistance (R w : ∼116 Ω Hz1/2) and low-frequency region slope (m : ∼0.63) are found high for the third LSV drive (Seg-3), indicating passivation of the PB surface which leads to a double-layer formation. Most of the K+ ions are intercalated into PB until three LSV segments. After that PB surface is passivated and prohibits further LSV-driven K+ ions intercalation. On average, the Seg-3 sample exhibits a 58 % higher lattice strain in comparison to the as-prepared PB. A capacity of 27 mAh g−1 @ 2 mA g−1 in aqueous media is recorded for the Seg-3 sample and a capacity drop of 4 mAh g−1 and Coulombic efficiency of 99.3 % is recorded under 100 cycles. These findings are further comprehensively validated through multi-technique approaches. The observed affinity and single-stage LSV-driven intercalation of K+ ions highlight the perspective of PB as an electrode material for aqueous potassium ion batteries (a-PIBs). In this study, pristine Prussian blue (PB) was synthesized using an easy, scalable, and one-step wet chemical method. The study tests the affinity of K+ ions towards the PB lattice for intercalation. The Seg-3 sample exhibits high diffusion resistance and low-frequency region slope, indicating a double-layer formation that passivates the PB electrode surface. Most K+ ions intercalate until three LSV segments, after which the PB electrode surface is passivated and prohibits further K+ ions intercalation. The Seg-3 sample exhibits a 58 % higher lattice strain compared to the Seg-0 sample with a capacity of 27 mAh g−1 @ 2 mA g−1, highlighting PB's potential as an electrode material for aqueous potassium-ion batteries (a-PIBs). [Display omitted] • Prussian blue is prepared by a simple step and scalable wet chemical method. • K+ intercalation affinity is explored and tested for LSV-driven intercalation. • The diffusion resistance (116 Ω Hz1/2) is found high for the Seg-3. • The Seg-3 exhibits a 58 % higher lattice strain than the Seg-0 sample. • A capacity of 27 mAh g−1 @ 2 mA g−1 is recorded for the Seg-3 sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of renewable energy sources and portable electronic devices, the demand for high-performance energy storage systems is growing, driving continuous progress in supercapacitor technology. Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHS), known for their higher safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, have become a hot research topic. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5) possesses flexible multivalence, low cost, low toxicity, wide voltage window, high capacitance, and high energy density. However, its poor electrical conductivity and low cycling stability hinder its electrochemical performance, thus limiting its application in ZIHS. Here, we propose a novel strategy of incorporating Co2+ ions and conductive polyaniline (PANI) with V 2 O 5 (CoVO-PANI) as cathode materials for ZIHS. The synergistic effect between cobalt ions and polyaniline have led to an expansion of the interlayer spacing in CoVO-PANI, which reduce the binding energy of Zn2+ ion insertion, decrease the diffusion barrier of Zn2+ ion insertion, and enhanced the electronic conductivity of the material for electron transport. In result, the CoVO-PANI@CC//2 M ZnSO 4 //AC@CC can reach the areal capacitance of 847.3 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Following 2000 times at 50 mA cm−2, the CoVO-PANI@CC//2 M ZnSO 4 //AC@CC maintains a retention rate of 81.37 %, and can achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 100 %. The assembled flexible ZIHS device exhibits excellent flexibility and stability, with an areal capacitance of 775.6 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of CoVO-PANI@CC as a cathode material for ZIHS. [Display omitted] • CoVO-PANI cathodes have been prepared for use in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors. • The co-embedding of Co2+ ions and PANI has enlarged the interlayer spacing of V 2 O 5. • Even after 20,000 cycles, CoVO-PANI still shows a cycling retention rate of 81.37 %. • Density functional theory (DFT) confirmed the feasibility of the CoVO-PANI cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have been one of the most promising new energy storage batteries after lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, liquid electrolyte is prone to leakage, posing the low coulombic efficiency and safety hazard. The development of all solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) has important development prospects. However, there are several issues, especially the instability (mechanical electrochemical failure) between Na metal anode and solid electrolytes (Na/SEs), severely restricting the development of SSMBs. Herein, the failure mechanism and representative engineering strategies of Na/SEs interface were discussed and summed. Especially regarding the latest research strategies, particularly in the field of mechanical-electrochemical coupling effect. This review will provide fundamental insights and future perspectives to improve the interfacial contact for next-generation long-term rechargeable SSMBs. • The interface failure mechanism between the Na metal anode and solid electrolytes are presented. • The strategies of interface wettability and the construction of modified structural interface are reviewed. • The interface modification strategies of sodium biphenyl and liquid alloys are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaTiO 3 ceramics are considered as one of the energy storage materials due to their decent thermal stabilities and dielectric properties, but high residual polarization and low breakdown field strength severely limit their further application in energy storage capability. In this study, by introducing (Bi 1/2 Sm 1/2)(Mg 2/3 Ta 1/3)O 3 , a high breakdown strength (920.0 kV/cm) is realized in the BT-based ceramics, especially with a high energy storage efficiency η of 94.1 % and decent recoverable energy density W rec of 7.4 J/cm3. Microstructural analysis confirms that the refined grain size contribute to the enhanced breakdown strength of the system. The relaxor activation energy obtained from the Vogel-Fulcher model reveals that the origin of large polarization difference and high η in this work primarily stems from the presence of weakly polar nanoregions with short-range order. These results indicate that the novel BT-based ceramics have excellent comprehensive performance, while this study provides an effective strategy for the design of new high-performance dielectric energy storage materials. • The enhancement of E b is realized in (1- x)BT- x BSMT ceramics. • W rec of 7.4 J/cm3 and η of 94.1 % are achieved in 0.85BT-0.15BSMT ceramic. • The 0.85BT-0.15BSMT ceramic exhibit excellent temperature stability. • W d of 2.65 J/cm3 and t 0.9 of 26 ns at an applied electric field of 440 kV/cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of zinc anode significantly undermines the stability of aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices (ZnESDs), potentially leading to cell failure even explosions. In this study, we mixed a high concentration electrolyte (21 m LiTFSI) with a conventional 2 m Zn(OTF) 2 electrolyte to highly reduce the activity of solvent water, which can greatly suppress the corrosion of zinc anode at room temperature and high temperatures. We systematically studied the phenomenon of ZnWiS inhibiting zinc anode corrosion at different temperatures and investigated its principle through experiments and theoretical calculations. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cells demonstrated remarkable stability, sustaining over 3642 h at room temperature and over 112 h at 80 °C. Moreover, the as assembled aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSC) also exhibited excellent cycling stability for over 5220 h at room temperature and over 165 h at 80 °C. In contrast, ZHSC assembled with 2 m Zn(OTF) 2 can only cycle 80 h at room temperature, and 9 h at 80 °C. These findings confirm that reducing water activity in the electrolyte effectively contributes to achieving highly stable aqueous ZnESDs, and the universality of this strategy offering promise for its application in various aqueous metal ion energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • Reducing water activity could tremendously inhibit the zinc anodes corrosion. • The assembled ZHSCs can cycle for over seven months at room temperature. • The assembled ZHSCs can cycle for 165 h at 80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) show great promise for cost-effective, high-safety, and large-scale energy storage. Yet, corrosion and dendrite formation at the Zn anode interface undermine its stability, shortening the cycle life. In this work, a fluorosilane-modified metal-organic framework layer (F-MOF) is successfully prepared as a multifunctional ion-conductive interface to stabilize the Zn anode. The designed MOF-based artificial layer provides a uniform pathway for Zn deposition, while its hydrophobic nature prevents negative effects such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the hydration energy of Zn2+ in F-MOF@Zn(002) is reduced while the adsorption energy for Zn2+ is increased. This facilitates the desolvation process on the Zn anode surface, promoting uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, the lifespan of the F-MOF-coated Zn anode extends beyond 2000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 (areal capacity: 0.5 mAh cm−2), significantly outlasting both bare Zn (225 h) and MOF-coated Zn (751 h) anodes. Additionally, the assembled coin cells and pouch-type full cells prove the practical availability of F-MOF@Zn anodes for AZBs. The F-MOF@Zn//MnO 2 full cell maintains a high-capacity retention exceeding 91.9 % even after 1000 cycles. This work highlights the practical application potential of hydrophobic MOF coatings for AZBs. [Display omitted] MOF features well-defined ion transport channels that facilitate Zn2+ diffusion, aiding in partially impeding the formation of Zn dendrites at the MOF@Zn anode. However, H 2 O ingress triggers irreversible HER on Zn electrodes, leading to their corrosion. The F-MOF@Zn anode, grafted with long-chain FAS, not only provides uniform pathways for Zn2+ but also serves as a hydrophobic buffer, separating active Zn2+ from the electrolyte [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ]2+, suppressing HER, and minimizing the accumulation of Zn 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ·xH 2 O and hydrogen bubbles, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance. [Display omitted] • The FAS on F-MOF@Zn ensures uniform Zn2+ channels, preventing HER and corrosion. • DFT calculations show F-MOF enhances Zn2+ transport by disrupting [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ]2+ solvation. • Bare Zn and MOF@Zn symmetrical pouch batteries expands due to HER, while F-MOF@Zn pouch batteries remains stable. • The pouch cells of F-MOF@Zn lighting a bulb and maintaining high capacity after many cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]