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The wet (rain, snow, fog, sleet, dew) and dry (transport of aerosol, particles and gases) deposition of acidic substance in environment results due to human, automobile, fossil fuel burning and industrial activities. Acid deposition is worldwide environmental degradation problems and in recent years these acidic materials are increasing at alarming scale in the environment both in developed and developing countries, including Pakistan. Some scientific literature survey reports suggest that plant growth and agriculture yield decrease due to consequence of acid rain. In addition, acid rain is found responsible for producing toxic effects on the morphological parameters of agricultural crop. The evidence collected from last more than fifty years showed the common significant effects of acid rain on seed germination percentage, seedling height, root hair and structure, alteration in leaf anatomy, size and area, stomatal structure, size, pollen germination, photosynthetic pigments and physiological changes in herbs, shrubs and trees. Still, little is known on the impact of acid rain on plant growth. This study was aimed to review the effects of acid mist on growth performances of some selected plant species. This review is contributed with the help of literature survey, research work published on the impact of acid rain on the plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals are widely available in the environment due to the natural processes, industrial, anthropogenic activities and ultimately in the results contaminate the immediate environment. The presence of the heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe and Cu in environment disturb the quality of ecosystems, soils, water, air and vegetation. The chromium metal at higher level in ecosystem is an alarming signal for both developed and developing countries. Pennisetum glaucum is an annual grass which is widely cultivated in drought, rain fed and high temperature areas. The limited amount of literature available on the impact of chromium stress on P. glaucum. This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial or harmful effect of chromium stress on seed germination and seedling growth performances of P. glaucum in in vitro conditions. The different concentration of chromium 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm was applied. In present study, the overall results suggests the variable response on the rate of seed germination percentage and plant growth of P. glaucum to chromium stress was recorded. Results showed that the chromium treatment at 25 ppm significantly (p<0.05) reduced root growth of P. glaucum. The chromium at 50 ppm level significantly decreased the rate of percentage of seed germination of P. glaucum. The seedling dry weight of P. glaucum seedling was decreased highly at 75 ppm chromium. Root / shoot ratio also decreased due to gradual increase in chromium from low (25 ppm) to higher (100 ppm) levels. Similarly, the chromium at 25 to 100 ppm gradually decreased the percentage of tolerance and seedling vigor index of P. glaucum. An effective efforts for minimize the chromium toxicity and tolerance in plants are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste water generation from the automobile motor workshop activities are responsible for environmental degradation in the form of water pollution and showed variable impact on plant growth. This paper gives information, assessment and screening about the effect of motor work shop waste water on seedling growth of two different types of legume bean crops namely, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilkczek) in pot culture experiments. The results showed that the increase in treatment of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of motor workshop waste water decreased the root, seedling length, number of leaflets, shoot, leaves dry weight and root/shoot ratio of common bean as compared to control. The waste water treatment of 25% significantly (p<0.05) decreased root growth performance and leaves dry weight of common bean as compared to control. The treatment of polluted water produced beneficial and harmful effects on root, shoot length, seedling size, number of leaves, leaf area and biomass production of mung bean. The treatment of waste water at 25% significantly (p<0.05) decreased shoot length, leaf area, shoot dry weight, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio as compared to control. Increase in concentrations of polluted water at 50% significantly effects seedling length, specific leaf area and leaf rea ratio of polluted water on mung bean. The seedlings of P. vulgaris and V. radiata tested different percentage of tolerance to waste water treatment and found high in control treatment. The results showed that seedlings of P. vulgaris showed lowest (32.59%) percentage of tolerance to high concentration (100%) of polluted waste water treatment of workshop. The treatment of polluted water at 25, 50, 75 and 100% decreased the tolerance indices values in seedlings of V. radiata by 104.35, 83.37, 67.63 and 63.16 percent as compared to control. The decrease in seedling growth of growth parameter of P. vulgaris in this study revealed that it was might be due to abiotic stress produced by waste water. The chemical analysis of waste water showed gradually increase values of pH (7.61-9.32), electrical conductivity (0.56-2.62 mScm-1), chloride (13.60-50.96 mgL-1) and CaCO3 (45.90-65.21 mgL-1) as compared to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coke production is one of the important sources of pollution from steel industries. The effects of coke (sludge of iron and steel) on seed germination and growth of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. were recorded. The seed germination percentage of V. radiata was increased with increase in coke concentration treatment at 25-50% as compared to control treatment in petri dish. Seedling length and root growth performance of V. radiata was also slightly increased with the increase in coke concentration treatment at 75 and 100% as compared to control. The seed germination percentage and root length of V. mungo was reduced with increase in coke concentration treatment at 25%. The obtained results showed more positive effects of coke on seed germination and seedling growth performance of V. unguiculata than V. mungo and V. radiata. Meanwhile, experiment showed decrease in seedling vigor index of V. radiata and V. mungo with the increase in concentration of coke at 100% as compared to control. A gradual increase in seedling vigor index for V. unguiculata with the increase in coke concentration was observed. The coke extracts treatment influence on the seedling tolerance indices of V. radiata, V. mungo and V. unguiculata. The better tolerance to coke treatment in all bean crops might be mainly due to some resistance potential ability of seedlings to coke concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement manufacturing industries are responsible for environmental degradation at regional and global level. This study was undertaken the effect of port land cement on three different legume crops in pot. The cement treatment differently influenced on germination and biomass of all studied bean crops. Statistically, the root length of Vigna radiata was decreased at 0.50 g cement level. The cement treatment at similar level significantly reduced shoot and seedling length of V. mungo. The total seedling dry weight of V. unguiculata was significantly affected with cement treatment at 1.0 g. The sprinkled treatment at 2 g reduced tolerance index in seedlings of V. unguiculata, V. mungo and V. radiata, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelochemical are natural compounds which effects the growth of surrounding plants. The treatment of aqueous powder extracts of Capsicum annuum L. and Coriandrum sativum L. at 1% showed significant decreased in shoot, root and seedling height, leaves growth and biomass of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The inhibitory effect on growth performance was directly related with the increasing concentration of powder extracts of coriander. The seedlings of both legume bean were tested for the determination of toxicity and tolerance to red chilli and coriander powder extract treatment at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. The seedlings of mung bean and cowpea showed lowest percentage of tolerance indices to coriander and red chilli powder extract treatment at 5%. However, on comparison, the seedlings of cowpea showed more tolerance to coriander and red chili powder extract than mung bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution by crude oil is an important environmental issue all around the world. Increase in oil pollution level in the environment produce toxic effects on flora and fauna of the region. The effects of different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of crude oil polluted soil on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were studied. The polluted soil affected the root, shoot length, seedling size, number of leaves and leaf area of P. glaucum. The significant (p<0.05) effects of polluted soil on fresh and dry weight of root, stem, leaves, and seedling of P. glaucum were also recorded. Leaf area, leaf number and total seedling dry weight were noticeably reduced in 10 and 15% polluted soil than control soil treatment. Principally, 20% crude oil polluted soil treatment exhibited highest percentage of decrease in most of the seedling growth parameters of P. glaucum than control. Hence, the effects on seedling growth parameters were increased with increasing levels of polluted soil. For most of the growth parameters, the mean values obtained were found higher for the control soil and progressively decreased from 5-20% crude oil polluted soils. The seedlings of P. glaucum were also tested for tolerance to polluted soil treatment. The results showed that the seedlings of P. glaucum showed high percentage of tolerance to low concentration (5%) of polluted soil treatment as compared to control soil treatment (0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid increase in automobile density and discharge of different types of pollutants from automobile are a serious issue for whole civilized world and in Bhakkar also. Vehicle emission from automobiles released an enormous quantity of toxic pollutants likewise nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon mono oxide, heavy metals particularly lead, cadmium in environment and produced harmful effects on germination and growth of plants. This study was aim to investigate the effect of automobile polluted soil on the growth of some tree species. In present study the variation in seedling growth performance of three different selected tree species namely, Acacia nilotica L., Albizia lebbeck L. (Benth.) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. raised in roadside polluted soils of District Bhakkar, Pakistan were recorded in the pots. Results showed that root, shoot, seedling length, number of leaves, and seedling dry weight of Acacia nilotica grown in polluted road soils of Bhakkar-Khansar road showed a significant (p<0.05) decline. Statistical analysis of recorded data showed that root growth and leaf area of Albizia lebbeck in the soil of Bhakkar-Khansar road soil significantly (p<0.05) decreased as compared to control. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in shoot, seedling length, number of leaves, leaf area and seedling dry weight performance of E. globulus in polluted soils of Bhakkar-Notak was recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution by heavy metals in the environment is a worldwide problem. The aim of the research study was to record the effect of lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) elements on early seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck L. (Benth.) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. The obtained results showed that higher level of lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) elements treatment present in the substrate had wide a spectrum of toxicity activity against seedlings growth performance of A. lebbeck and E. globulus as compared to control in lab conditions. Statistically analyzed data showed that seedling growth of A. lebbeck and E. globulus were reduced significantly (p<0.05) with increased concentrations of Pb and Fe 5 to 20 ppm as compared control (0 ppm). The percentage of seedling tolerance index of A. lebbeck and E. globulus showed different level of iron and lead. A. lebbeck showed greater tolerance indices (61.19%) in the presence of Fe than Pb treatments (50.39%). It was also noted that tolerance indices of E. globulus was reduced more in Fe (41.19%) as compared to Pb treatments (55.32%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of heavy metals in the environment due to anthropogenic, industrial and automobile activities is a worldwide environmental pollution problem. Copper is widely used in different forms in fertilizer, fungicides. Industrial effluents and for the removal algal growth in ponds. In this study the toxic effects of copper (Cu) on seed germination and seedling growth of Lens culinaris were investigated. Germination rate of L. culinaris that showed that increased in concentration of copper treatment at 25 ppm significantly (p<0.05) reduced germination percentage as compared to control. Seedling growth variables i.e. root and shoot length, seedling size and root/shoot ratio also declined significantly (p<0.05) with the treatment of copper at 25 ppm as compared to control. Seedlings dry weight of L. culinaris gradually reduced with increased in all treatment of copper concentration as compared to control. Tolerance indices and seedling vigor index of L. culinaris also decreased with increase in concentration of copper treatment. Low percentage of reduction in tolerance indices and seedling vigor index of L. culinaris was recorded at 25 ppm copper treatment as compared to control. A high percentage of reduction in seedling tolerance indices of L. culinaris was recorded at 100 ppm of copper treatment as compared to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]