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Terminalia arjuna W. & A. bark is used as a cardioprotective herb in various traditional preparations. It consists of the oleanane class of triterpenoids as cardioprotective principles. In this study, we have developed and validated a simultaneous estimation method for four isolated triterpenoids and determined their biotransformation in a fermented formulation, Arjunadyarishta. A robust high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the separation of arjunic acid, arjungenin, arjunetin and arjunglucoside-I. The mobile phase was optimized as ethyl acetate–toluene–tetrahydrofuran–acetic acid (10:5:4:1, V/V) over pre-coated HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates. The HPTLC plate was developed to a distance of 70 mm at 23 ± 4 °C in a chamber previously saturated for 20 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantification and specificity. The correlation coefficients 0.998 to 0.999 of the compounds with average recoveries of 96.25% to 102.6 were found satisfactory. The developed method can be used successfully for the quality control and quality assurance of T. arjuna formulations, where the stem bark is used. Arjunic acid content was found to be higher in the raw herb whereas arjungenin content was higher in the fermented formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycyrrhizic acid, the major metabolite of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a ‘Hot Molecule’ in view of its sweet tasting properties and potent anti-viral and anti-allergic activities. A fast chromatographic method for its isolation and a rapid, sensitive reproducible high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for its quantification have been developed. Glycyrrhizic acid was isolated in 6.9% yield from the 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of G. glabra roots by employing CombiFlash chromatography. For its quantitative studies, HPTLC silica gel F254 pre-coated plates were used with n-butanol‒acetic acid‒water (7:2:1) as the mobile phase. The method was validated for limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, precession, and recovery. The results indicate that the glycyrrhizic acid was present in G. glabra roots (0.88%) and in Yastimadhu Churna (0.78%). Surprisingly, the marker compound could not be detected in Artin capsule, which contains more than 10 herbal ingredients including G. glabra. The absence of marker compound in this formulation might be due to its loss during the manufacturing process or different plant parts used in this formulation. The developed methods can be used successfully for fast isolation of glycyrrhizic acid and for the quality control and quality assurance of G. glabra formulations, where the root part is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asparagus racemosus has been gaining importance due to its recently detected pharmacological activities. There has been a need to develop a simple isolation method for the major bioactive phytochemical and its quantitative evaluation in the herb. Hence, a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for determining its major bioactive marker, shatavarin IV. HPTLC silica gel F254 pre-coated plates were used with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7.5:1.5:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The plates were developed to a distance of 60 mm at 23 ± 4°C in twin-trough chamber, previously saturated for 5 min. Under these conditions, the retention factor (RF) of shatavarin IV was 0.43 and it was quantified at 425 nm, the wavelength of maximum absorbance after derivatization in anisaldehyde-H2SO4 reagent. Shatavarin IV showed a linear function of amount 600 to 1800 ng per band; the correlation coefficient was 0.9934, indicating a good relationship between peak area and amount. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 14.35 ng and 43.50 ng, respectively. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Recovery was determined by spiking samples with shatavarin IV before extraction and it was found to be 96.17%. Shatavarin IV was found to be present in roots (0.40%) and in enriched fraction (61.20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of extensive applications in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine and the increased demand for both as single ingredient and as a major component in multiherbal formulations of Boerhavia diffusa, a rapid, sensitive and reproducible high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for its quantitative evaluation with respect to its major bio-active marker, eupalitin galactoside. For the separation of the marker compound, HPTLC silica gel F254 pre-coated plates were used with n-butanol‒acetic acid‒water (8:1:1) as the mobile phase. The method was validated for limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, precession, and recovery. The results indicate that the bio-active marker was present in 0.075% in B. diffusa whole plant. Surprisingly, the marker compound could not be detected even in traces in two of the B. diffusa commercial formulations such as punarnava mandur and artin capsules, which contain more than ten herbal and herbo-mineral ingredients. This might be due to the loss of the marker compound during their manufacturing process or different plant parts used in the two test samples. The developed method can be used successfully for the quality control and quality assurance of B. diffusa formulations, where the whole plant is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of high pharmacological significance and urgent need to identify high-yielding plant sources of betulin (1) and betulinic acid (2), quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis has been done on various parts of Diospyros sylvatica. For separation of both compounds, HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates were used with chloroform-methanol-formic acid (98:2:2) as the mobile phase. The method was validated for selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. While betulin was found in maximum amount in stems (0.08%), betulinic acid accumulates maximally in roots (0.29%). The developed HPTLC method is simple, rapid, and highly suitable for the quantification of betulin and betulinic acid in various related species and genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arnebia nobilis has gained an increasing popularity for the recently recognized various pharmacological activities. The root part of A. nobilis is a useful source for the naphthoquinones. For their identification and quantification, a high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was established. Chromatography was performed on silica gel HPTLC aluminum plates with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (80:19:01, v/v) as mobile phase leading to sufficient separation of the components. HPTLC analysis proved to be an inexpensive method for the quantification of arnebin-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]