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For a number of atoms, systematic calculations have been made of the alignment occurring in the photoionisation of inner subshells in the vicinity of the ionisation threshold. The influence of the centrifugal barrier in the effective partial potential on the alignment and on the anisotropy of the angular distribution and the polarisation of X-rays and Auger electrons is discussed. It is shown that the anisotropy is rather sensitive to the models used.

Using the distorted-wave approximation the authors have calculated the degree of alignment of the 2p3/2 subshell vacancy in Ar resulting from the ionisation of Ar atoms by electron impact. The use of the distorted-wave approximation allows one to widen the range of agreement between theory and experiment significantly.

The distorted-wave Born approximation is used to calculate the 2p3/2 vacancy alignment in ionisation of Mg and Ar by electron impact. The distortion of incoming and outgoing electron waves by a static atomic field is taken into account. The distorted-wave calculation allows one to explain the experimentally observed drastic increase of the alignment with decreasing incident electron energy. The threshold behaviour of the alignment in the Born approximation and in the distorted-wave approximation are discussed.

The total and differential cross sections for the excitation of the 3p-14s1 P state in argon and also the correlation parameters lambda and chi have been calculated using the distorted-wave Born approximation. Different variants of the distorting potential are used. It is shown that the inclusion of the imaginary part of the optical potential in a semiphenomenological form allows one to improve the agreement between the calculated total and differential cross sections and experiment.