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Photobiomodulation (PBM), also commonly referred to as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), uses light energy to elicit biological responses from the cell and normalize cell function. 40 persons with periapical lesions were selected and were assigned randomly into two groups.Group I - Conventional root canal therapy and low-level laser therapy. Group II -- Conventional root canal therapy Root canal therapy was completed, and radiographs were obtained and assessed 3, 6, and 9 months postoperative. VAS pain scale was assessed postoperatively on 0, 7th, and 14th days respectively. An independent t-test was used for the evaluation of the data. No significant difference was noted for postoperative pain and PAI scale between both groups Significant difference was noted in the reduction of the periapical lesions for 3 and 9 months follow up, but was not significant for 6 months. The healing was better in Group I which received Low-level laser therapy with the conventional root canal treatment. Low-level laser therapy can be the newer additional treatment modality that can be applied to the periapical lesion for its faster healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The instrumentation technique which produces least amount of apically extruded debris is desirable to use in biomechanical preparation of root canal. Aim: To quantitatively evaluate apically extruded debris during instrumentation with hand K-file, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars with straight, single canal and single apical foramen were selected after radiographic evaluation and divided equally into three groups. Cleaning and shaping was done using hand K-files in step-back technique, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne single-file system. Debris extruded apically was collected into Eppendorf tubes and stored in an incubator at 37°C temperature for 5 days for drying. Weight of dry debris was measured using electronic microbalance with an accuracy of 10-5 g. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test, with P value < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) amount of debris was extruded by all three instrumentation systems: hand K-file-1.9220 mg, ProTaper Next-1.4940 mg, and WaveOne-0.9940 mg. Least amount of debris produced by WaveOne was statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the other two systems. Conclusion: The WaveOne reciprocating system extruded least amount of debris in comparison to hand K-file and ProTaper Next. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The extensively damaged teeth can be treated with the inlay and onlay. The ceramic inlays and onlays can be prescribed for the esthetic needs of the patient. Hence in our study, we aim to evaluate clinically the outcomes of the ceramic inlays and onlays for the posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: We piloted a retrospective analytical study from the departmental records. We included 70 patients who had a total of 160 ceramic inlays and onlays prepared between the years 2010-2020. The survival and the failure rates were noted and compared using the "Kruskal-Wallis H statistics and the Chi-square tests" deliberating P < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean survival was 6.1 ± 1.8 years. The success rate was 92.21% and the failure was 7.6%. Significant variation was seen with the survival rate between the vital and nonvital teeth and between the molars and premolars. Conclusions: The ceramic inlays and onlays were performed successfully in the posterior teeth with a high survival rate and very low failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]