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Delivery room (DR) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasing. Our study examined the risk for neonatal morbidities after DR CPAP in 35 week neonates. A retrospective study of 259 infants born at 35 weeks gestational age between January 1, 2017–December 31, 2018 at a single center. DR resuscitation was administered in 30.5%, with 19.7% receiving CPAP alone. Eighty percent who received DR CPAP were admitted to the NICU. DR CPAP was associated with the highest NICU admission risk, 9.3 times the risk of those without DR positive pressure, and with respiratory conditions (RDS: OR 4.22 {CI 1.46–11.51}, TTN: OR 3.30 {CI 1.36–7.64}). For the DR CPAP group, non-invasive positive pressure was administered post resuscitation in 90%. In our institution, 35 week infants frequently received DR CPAP. Of these infants, a majority were admitted to the NICU for respiratory disorders.

Enumerations of people were carried out long before the birth of Jesus. Data related to births were recorded in church registers in England as early as the 1500s. However, not until the 1902 Act of Congress was the Bureau of Census established as a permanent agency to develop birth registration areas and a standard registration system. Although all states had birth records by 1919, the use of the standardized version was not uniformly adopted until the 1930's. In the 1989 US Standard Birth Certificate revision, the format was finally uniformly adopted to include checkboxes to improve data quality and completeness. The evolution of the 12 federal birth certificate revisions is reflected in the growth of the number of items from 33 in 1900 to more than 60 items in the 2003 birth certificate. As birth registration has moved from paper to electronic, the birth certificate's potential utility has broadened, yet issues with updating the electronic format and maintaining quality data continue to evolve. Understanding the birth certificate within its historical context allows for better insight as to how it has been and will continue to be used as an important public-health document shaping medical and public policies.

Objective: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a potential new therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain injury in premature infants. This study examined dose-related effects of iNO on NO metabolites as evidence of NO delivery. Study Design: A subset of 102 premature infants in the NO CLD trial, receiving 24 days of iNO (20 p.p.m. decreasing to 2 p.p.m.) or placebo, were analyzed. Tracheal aspirate (TA) and plasma samples collected at enrollment and at intervals during study gas were analyzed for NO metabolites. Result: iNO treatment increased NO metabolites in TA at 20 and 10 p.p.m. (1.7- to 2.3-fold vs control) and in plasma at 20, 10, and 5 p.p.m. (1.6- to 2.3-fold). In post hoc analysis, treated infants with lower metabolite levels at entry had an improved clinical outcome. Conclusion: iNO causes dose-related increases in NO metabolites in the circulation as well as lung fluid, as evidenced by TA analysis, showing NO delivery to these compartments.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is believed to result from incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane, and passage of the abdominal contents into the chest. A historical review of the literature on this subject shows a wide divergence of opinion on the etiology of the various types of CDH, and on the recommended treatment. A variety of theories regarding its causes and the optimal way of approaching it have been published from the mid 19th century through the 20th century, and are reviewed in this article.