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Objective: Influenza virus is common in children, especially in winter, causing hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, or even death. There are few studies on the attitudes or knowledge of influenza diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination among pediatricians. This study was planned to determine pediatric residents' attitudes and behaviors about recognizing the influenza virus, making treatment decisions, prophylaxis, and immunization. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from 31 July-1 December 2019 among pediatric residents working in six different hospitals in the Aegean Region by an online survey. Twenty-seven questions were asked regarding articipant's demographic characteristics, recognition of the influenza symptoms, treatment, prophylaxis, and immunization. Results: Two hundred and four (58.5%) of 349 pediatric residents were included in the study, who answered the questionnaire. Among the participants, 72.5% were females, and their mean age was 27.9 +/- 2.1 years, and 59.3% worked as a pediatric residents for less than two years. When the symptoms of influenza were evaluated, the most known symptoms were fever (94.1%), myalgia (81.9%), tiredness (77.0%), headache (70.1%), and cough (68.6%). When oseltamivir treatment indications were questioned, most pediatric residents (82.2%) answered the questions. It was observed that 21.1% of the pediatric residents had the flu vaccine in the current season. According to the state of having chronic diseases, the rate of vaccination in participants was not statistically significant (p= 0.136). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that pediatric residents' knowledge about influenza awareness, treatment, and immunization was insufficient. It may be beneficial to train pediatric residents about the influenza virus and vaccine before each influenza season.

Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are responsible for a considerable amount of healthcare-associated infections. In this study, we investigated the ability of three probiotic organisms to eliminate VRE colonization or protect against gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium-induced injury in a rat model.

Objective: Needlestick injuries are important for healthcare workers due to their morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the risk group of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among healthcare workers, and possible risk groups, actions, and prevention practices of the healthcare workers. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 249 healthcare workers(doctors, nursing staff, laboratory technicians and the cleaning personnel) in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Turkey. Results: Among the 249 healthcare workers, there were 35 physicians, 124 nursing staff, 11 laboratory technicians and 79 cleaning personnel. Seventy (28.1%) were males, 179 (71.9%) were females. The most common equipment associated with needlestick injury were syringe needles ( 54.6 %), followed by intravenous cannula (peripheral catheter) (17.2%). In 103 (41.2%) cases, the injury occurred during use of the needle, with the greater part of injuries (24%) while establishing a venous access. Most healthcare workers experienced hand injuries (%82.7). Conclusion: This study revealed that the high risk group for needlestick injury was nurses followed by the cleaning personnel. Healthcare workers did not take the necessary measures for themselves. Needlestick injuries could be prevented easily by increasing the use of needles when needed, increasing awareness for using devices with safety features, promoting education and safe work practices for needles and related systems.

Ozet Dunyada cocuklarda ortaya cikan HIV infeksiyonlarinin %90'indan cogu perinatal gecisle iliskilidir. Annebebek bulasinda en onemli korunma HIV’in erken tanilanmasi ve onlemlerin alinmasidir. Prenatal bakim almamis annelerden dogan bebeklerde cesitli tedaviler uygulanmistir. Biz inutero ve intrapartum antiretroviral tedavi uygulanmamis olan, zidovudin, lamivudin ve nevirapinden olusan uclu antiretroviral profilaksi uyguladigimiz bir olguyu sunduk. Uclu antiretroviral kombinasyonu postpartum HIV profilaksisi acisindan bir alternatif olarak akilda tutulmalidir. (J Pediatr Inf 2015; 9: 178-80) Anahtar kelimeler: Antiretroviral profilaksi, HIV, intrapartum, postpartum Abstract Perinatal transmission of HIV constitutes 90% of all childhood HIV infections worldwide. The most important prevention strategy for HIV transmission is early diagnosis and taking preventive precautions. Different treatment strategies have been suggested for prophylaxis in infants of mothers with (HIV) infection, who did not receive antenatal antiretroviral therapy. In this report, we present the case of a neonate whose mother did not receive antiretroviral therapy before and during labour; however, she was prophylactically treated with zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine successfully. We recommend that this three-drug combination should be used for postpartum HIV prophylaxis. (J Pediatr Inf 2015; 9: 178-80)

Ozet Yenidogan bakteriyel menenjitleri ozellikle intrakranial apselerle komplike olabileceginde dolayi yuksek mortalite ve morbiditeye sahiptir. Proteus mirabilis yenidoganlarda nadir gorulen menenjit etkenidir. Biz beyin apseleri ile komplike olan P. mirabilis menenjitli bir yenidogan olgusunu sunduk. Buradan etkili antibiyoterapi almasina ragmen klinik durumu kotulesen menenjitli tum yenidoganlara hizli ve kolayca uygulanabilen kranial ultrasonografinin onemli goruntuleme yontemi oldugu belirtmek istedik. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 162-5) Anahtar kelimeler: Proteus mirabilis, beyin apsesi, ultrasonografi Abstract Neonatal bacterial meningitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially when complicated with intracranial abscesses. Proteus mirabilis is a rare microorganism as an etiologic agent for meningitis in the noenatal period. In this case report we presented a case of P. mirabilis menigitis complicated with multiple cranial abscesses. In conclusion, we recommend cranial ultrasonography which can be easily and rapidly performed in neonates, especially with the progressive clinical course despite the appropriate therapy. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 162-5)

Ozet Amac: Akilci antibiyotik kullaniminin yayginlastirilmasi icin hekimlerin yaninda ailelerin de bilgilendirilmesi onemlidir. Bu nedenle oncelikle ailelerin antibiyotikler dahil ilac kullanimi ile ilgili bilgi duzeyi ve tutumlarinin belirlenmesi onemlidir. Bu calismada, hastanemiz cocuk sagligi ve hastaliklari poliklinigine basvuran hastalarin ebeveynlerinin ilac kullanimina iliskin tutumlarini belirlemeyi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontemler: Calisma 86 cocugun ebeveynleri ile yuz yuze goruserek gerceklestirildi. Veri toplamada kullanilan ankette sosyodemografik degiskenlerin yaninda antibiyotik kullanimi ile ilgili tutumu anlamaya yonelik bolumler bulunmaktaydi. Ebeveynlerin antibiyotik kullanimina iliskin tutumlari ile ilgili olarak dokuz baslik altinda soru soruldu. Ilac kullanimina iliskin tutum belirlenirken sorular, dogru tutumlar ve yanlis tutumlar olarak ikiye ayrildi. Her iki grup soruda calisma grubunun ortalamasi alinarak ortalama alti ve ustu ebeveynler, bagimsiz degiskenler yonunden karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin ogrenim durumlari ve ailenin gelir duzeyi ile dogru antibiyotik kullanimi arasinda iliski olmadigi saptandi. Hekimin antibiyotik secimine guvenin, ogrenim durumu yukseldikce azaldigi goruldu. Hekime danisma, hekimin onerilerine uyma ve ilac prospektusu okuma tutumlari %85 uzerinde saptandi. Sonuc: Ailelerin akilci antibiyotik kullanimi konusunda tutumlarinin genelde olumlu oldugu goruldu. Benzer calismalarin yalnizca tutum degil, davranislari da olcecek bicimde yapilmasi ile daha aydinlatici sonuclar alinmasi olasi olacaktir. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 57-60) Anahtar kelimeler: Uygun antibiyotik kullanimi, cocuk, ebeveyn Abstract Objective: To ensure the appropriate use of antibiotics, it is imperative to raise consciousness among families as well as pyhsicians. Therefore it is crucial to determine the knowledge and attitudes of parents towards the use of medicines. In this study we assessed the attitudes of parents of children towards the use of antibiotics following admission to our hospital's paediatric internal diseases clinic. Material and Methods: The study comprised faceto-face interviews with parents of 86 children. A data collection survey contained sections to define the habits of antibiotic usage as well as sociodemographic variables. Parents' attitudes towards drug usage were assessed within nine basic topics in which the questions were divided into ”correct” and ”incorrect” attitudes. The average of both groups was calculated and aboveand below-average parents were compared in terms of independent variables. Results: Level of education and income showed no meaningful association with correct usage. However a higher level of education increased confidence in the physician. Attitudes of consulting the physician, following advice and reading instructions were over 85%. Conclusion: The attitudes of parents towards the appropriate use of medicines were generally positive. Similar studies based on not only attitudes but also behaviour are required. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 57-60)

Ozet Psoas apsesi ender rastlanilan, genellikle tanisi zor ve gec konulan bir durumdur. PA cocuklarda ve genclerde daha sik, yaslilarda daha seyrek gorulmektedir. Klasik bulgulari ates, karin agrisi, bel agrisi ve topallayarak yurumedir. Istahsizlik, titreme, kilo kaybi ve kitle eslik edebilir. Psoas apsesi primer ve sekonder olarak siniflandirilir. Idrar yolu enfeksiyonu klinigi ile gelen izlemde psoas apsesi tanisi alan ve sadece antibiyotik tedavisi ile duzelen, nadir gorulen olgu sunuldu. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 31-4) Anahtar kelimeler: Psoas apsesi, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu, antibiyotik tedavisi Abstract Psoas abscess is a rare clinical situation in which the diagnosis is very difficult and late. Classical symptoms include fever, abdominal and lumbar pain, limping, anorexia, shivering, weight loss and mass at palpation. Psoas abscesses are divided into two groups; primary and secondary. Here we present a rare pediatric case with psoas abscess secondary to urinary tract infection and full recovery was achieced with antimicrobial therapy without requirement for surgical intervention. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 31-4)