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A cross-sectional study among 46 xerostomic patients was carried out to determine the influence of a mucin-based artificial saliva on the microflora of standardized oral washings. Patient and non-xerostomic control groups were formed according to the use of saliva substitute (ad libitum or from an intraoral reservoir) and dentition (dentate, edentulous, full dentures). Only few differences were observed among the subgroups based on dentition within a specified salivary group. However, the total number of microorganisms and the proportions of veillonellae, actinomycetes, streptococci and S. salivarius were significantly reduced in xerostomic patients not using artificial saliva, whereas lactobacilli, Candida and S. mitior were significantly increased compared to the control groups. Ad libitum use of artificial saliva had little effect, but semi-continuous wetting of the oral cavity through an intra-oral reservoir reversed the xerostomia-induced shifts in the indigenous microflora. However, no significant effect was observed on the proportions of lactobacilli and yeasts, leaving a potentially acidogenic flora.