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The incidence of pre-term low birth weight still prevails in developed as well as developing countries though the numbers may vary. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process with multifactorial etiology and adversely affects the outcome of pregnancy which becomes a major public health problem. The association of periodontitis as risk factor for pre-term birth has been in extensive research in the past two decades when a number of studies investigated this relationship. However, definite connection has not been proved yet and research is still ongoing. This article describes about the possible relationship that can exist between pre-term low birth weight infants and periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]